ŶŶĂůĞƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĂƟƐWĂĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂĞƌĂĐŽǀŝĞŶƐŝƐ
FOLIA 227
^ƚƵĚŝĂĂĚŝĚĂĐƟĐĂŵ>ŝƩĞƌĂƌƵŵWŽůŽŶĂƌƵŵĞƚ>ŝŶŐƵĂĞWŽůŽŶĂĞWĞƌƟŶĞŶƟĂϴ;ϮϬϭϳͿ
/^^EϮϬϴϮͲϬϵϬϵ K/ϭϬ͘ϮϰϵϭϳͬϮϬϴϮϬϵϬϵ͘ϴ͘ϳ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞ
ǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬƉŽĚƐƚĂǁLJƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŽǁĞũ
ŶĂƵĐnjĂŶŝĂũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽ
ŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝƐLJƐƚĞŵĞĚƵŬĂĐũŝ
Ñ ¦ - ¸ ǣ Ƿ ¦ ¦ ¦ǡ×Ï- Ă ȋȌǡ Ï - ¸¦Ǥ Ă- ǡ ǤǤͷ Ï ¦ ÏdzͳǤ ä× Ă- ¸ä ¦Ă ÏäĂȋ Ï ×Ï ȌǤ Ï ¸¦ǡ ¸-¦ ¸ äǡ Ă ĂǤ ͳͻͻͻ- ä ǡ ¸¦ äʹͲͳǤ ǡ ǡ - ¦ Ñǡ × © ¸ × ¦ Ă ĂǤ׸à ¸ ¦äÏǡ×- ǣ ¦ ͳȂͶ ¦ ͷȂͺǤ ¸ ¦ Ǥ ¦¦¸ ǡǡÏ- Ñǡ ¸ ȋ ¸ä ȌǤ ͷȂͺ¸ Ƿdzǡ ¸ × ×Ǥ Ϧ ¦ǣǡä ϸ ȋ ¸ä Ï ȌǤ ͳԘ ǡÑ Ǥ ǡǤʹǡ ǦǤǤǤȀ ̴ Ȁ ̴Ǥǫ̴α͵ʹȏ¸ǣͳͷǤͳͲǤʹͲͳȐǤϲϮ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů Ñ Ï Ă ȋ × -ǤͻͲΨ ×Ȍǡ ©ǡ¦©¸ äǤ ×Ïǣ -ȋ Ȍǡ×ÏǦ ǡ× ȋĂä Ȍ ¸ ×Ï- Ǥ ¦¦ ×Ă ä Ă ǡÏ Ȁ ¦ Ă ȋǤ ȌǤ Ï äÑ ÑǡǤāǡ×Ă ¸¸ ĂǤ Ï Ï ä Ï Ă ¦ © ×ȋ¸× ǡ ǡ - × Ȍȋ Ǥ×Ƿ× dzǡ ȌǤ ʹͲͲͷ ¸ ×Ï Ă ǡ -¦ × ¸ǡ ¦¦ ʹ ǤÑǤ Ï ¦ Ă-æ ¸ ǡÏ Ă × ȋ 3ȌϸÑÏ ǡ äǤ Ă × ×- ǡצ rankingach. dĂď͘ϭ͘_ƌĞĚŶŝĞǁLJŶŝŬŝ;ǁƉƵŶŬƚĂĐŚͿƵĐnjŶŝſǁnjŵĂƚĞŵĂƚLJŬŝ͕njƉŽŵŝĂƌƵƵŵŝĞũħƚŶŽƑĐŝƌŽnjƵŵŽǁĂŶŝĂ ǁŶĂƵŬĂĐŚƉƌnjLJƌŽĚŶŝĐnjLJĐŚŽƌĂnjnjƉŽŵŝĂƌƵƵŵŝĞũħƚŶŽƑĐŝĐnjLJƚĂŶŝĂŝŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂĐũŝǁďĂĚĂŶŝĂĐŚnjůĂƚ ϮϬϬϲʹϮϬϭϮǁŬƌĂũĂĐŚĞƵƌŽƉĞũƐŬŝĐŚ4 <ƌĂũ ϮϬϬϲ ϮϬϬϵ ϮϬϭϮ MATEMATYKA &ŝŶůĂŶĚŝĂ ϱϰϴ ϱϰϭ ϱϮϯ WŽůƐŬĂ 486 486 ϱϭϴ ŚŽƌǁĂĐũĂ 467 ϰϲϬ ϰϳϭ ʹԘĂ ǤOǤ ǡ ǡ ǤȀǡǡͳǢ Ǥ Ȁ ͳ ͺȀǦǦǦ Ȁȏ¸ǣʹͲǤͳͲǤʹͲͳȐǤ 3ԘȋȌȂ¸ ¸×Ï Ǥ -× ¸ä ×ȋ×Ñ ͳͷǤĂ Ȍ ä × Ǥ ͶԘ ¸ ¸ä ×. Ǥ Ǥ Ͷͷ ǡ ǤǤ ǡ- ǡǤǤǤȏ¸ǣͳʹǤͳʹǤʹͲͳȐǤ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϲϯ Eh</WZzZKE/ &ŝŶůĂŶĚŝĂ ϱϲϯ ϱϱϰ ϱϰϱ WŽůƐŬĂ ϰϵϴ ϱϬϴ ϱϮϲ ŚŽƌǁĂĐũĂ ϰϵϯ 486 ϰϵϭ zdE///EdZWZd: &ŝŶůĂŶĚŝĂ ϱϰϳ ϱϯϲ ϱϮϰ WŽůƐŬĂ ϱϬϴ ϱϬϬ ϱϭϴ ŚŽƌǁĂĐũĂ 477 476 ϰϴϱ Ă × × ǡ Ï ǡ Ï ¦ Ă Ï ¦ ä Ï Ǥ Ï ʹͲͳ ǣǷ ä©Ï × -×ǡ ×ä ¦ Ǥ × Ï Ñ ¸ × äÏ Ï -dzͷǤ Ï ¸ × Ï Ï × ¦ ×ǡ × -ǡĂ ¦¦¦ צ Ïä©Ȃ ǡ׸¦Ï ä ä ¦¸© ×ȋ × ¸ȌǤ ¦¦ ȋȌ ¸ÏĂʹͲͲ ǡǷ¦ Ï× ǡ Ï × ÏÑ
ͶͶ;ȂͶͷ. Sformowano wówczas Krajowy Komitet na
ǡ× - dzǤʹͲͳͳ ǡ× Ï Ï ǤÏ ÏĂ ʹͲͳ͵ͺ Ǥ Ï- Ï ×Ï × ¦ ǤǤ- ä ¦ ×Ï ¦ - ǡ ¦ä ¦ ǡ × Ï ä ͷԘ æ©Ǧ æǡ ǤǤȀǤǫ αʹͺͷȏ¸ǣͳͷǤͲͷǤʹͲͳȐǤ Ԙ ǡ Ǥ Ƿ Ǥ dzȋʹͲͳͲȌǡȏǣȐ … ԘǤ ǡ ǤǤȀǤǫαͳͺͶͷǡ ȏǣȐ … ͺԘ ǤȀǦǦǦǦǦǦǡȏǣȐ …
ϲϰ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů × ǤÏĂǡ Ă © ¸ǡ ä ǡ ǡ ×ǡ Ï ¦ ¦- ǡ © ¦¦ ¦ ǡĂ © ͻ.
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĂŶĂƌŽĚŽǁĞŐŽĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ
ÏĂÏ narodowegoͳͲǡ × ʹͲͳ ǤÏĂ×Ïä¦- Ï ǡ Ï× Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ - ǡ Ï Ñ × Ï Ǥ ȋ © ä ä ä ¦Ȍ - ¦Ă ǡ×Ï-Ï × ¦ ÏĂǡ - Ăä × Ǥ ä© ©¦Ï ä Ñǡצ w codziennej praktyce. ZLJĐ͘ϭ͘^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĂĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝĞŐŽĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵŶĂƌŽĚŽǁĞŐŽƌſĚųŽ͗Nacionalni kurikulum nastavnoga predmeta Hrvatski jezik, Ɛ͘ϭ
ͻԘ ǥǡǤʹǤ
ͳͲԘ Ǥ ǡ ʹͲͳǡ ȏǣȐ̴Ǧ̴ǤǤ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϲϱ ȋ Ǥ ͳȌ - ä¦ ǡ ä ××Ïǡ¸ ǣ - ǡ ǡ- ǡ Ǥ×ä© × ǡ ¦ × × ǡ × ¸ Ï ¸Ǥ צ¸×Ă × - Ï Ï Ǥ ×צ ¦ - ¸¸¦ ǣͳȌ Ǧ- ǡʹȌ¦¸ ä × ä© ǡ͵Ȍ¦¸ × ×-nych oraz ich motywowanie.
WƌŽũĞŬƚĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚƵͣũħnjLJŬĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝ͟
¸ × Ǥ ¸ Ā×Ï Ǧ Ǥ¸- ÏǤ ¸ ǡ Ă ¸ - ¸ ¸ä ×ǡøǡ× ¦ ¸ ×ä ǡø ¸¸ ͳͳ. ä Ï ¸ ¦ Ă Ǥ ¸ ¸ǡ ǡ Ă × Ăä ǡ Ï × Ǥ׸ ÏĂ- ¸ǡǤÏ Ă ǡ×Ï ¦ǡ -ǡ Ǥ ä ¦ ¸ä × ÏÑ ×ǡ Ï Ă - Ϧ ¸ Ă ȋÏ ä Ȍ × Ñ Ǥ ¸ Ƿä© ¸- ¸ä Ï Ñ Ă ÏÏÑǡ ĂÏǡ Ï ǡ Ï ǡ ϸǡ¸Ïä© Ï¸ dzͳʹǤ×× Ïǡ Ïä© - ¸ Ï ¸ ǡ ¦-Ă ¸ Ï × Ǥ ͳͳԘ ǥǡǤͶǤ ͳʹԘ Ǥ ǡc×ǤcǡÏǤÏǦ ÏÑ ǡ×ʹͲͲʹǡǤͶͶ͵Ǥϲϲ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů ¸ǡ ÏĂä ǡ- Ï ͳͻͻͳ Ïä ǡ ¦¦ ¦¸¸ǤĂĂ©ǡ Ă ¦ ȋ ÑÏÑ Ȍ-ä© ä©ǡ ¦ ä© äǡ Ă ¸ ¸ ǡ¸ ä ͳ͵. × × ¸ ȋ¸ Ƿ dz Ȃ Ȍ ¸ ¸ä ¸ǡĂ ¸ ä ¸ ×ǡø - ©¸ Ǥ -¦ ¦ ¸¸¦ǡ׸¦ ¸ä Ȁǡ× ×ǡĂ ¸ Ï-Ǥ ¸ ¦×Ăä ǡÏ ×Ă- Ă Ï ͳͶ. ¸ ϸ ¸ä ǤʹǤ ¦ǣ ͳȌԘ¸ Ǥ ʹȌԘ Ǧ ¸ ¸ chorwacki. ͵ȌԘȋȌ Ǥ ͶȌԘ Ǧ Ï × × Ǥ ͷȌԘ¦ Ǧ ȋȌ¸Ǥ ȌԘ ¸¸ ǡ¦ ä- ǡ¸ ǡÏ ǡÏä- ׸×Ă kryteria. ȌԘ × Ǧ Ǥ ͳ͵Ԙ×ø¸ ¦ ¸ Ïǣ Ï- ͳͻͶ Ȃ ¸ ¸ Ǣ ͳͻ͵ Ȃ ¸Ǧ Ǣ × ÏͳͻͶȂ¸- Ǧ ǡ ¸¸Ǧ Ǣ × ÏͳͻͶȂ¸- ǦǢ ͳͻͶȂǷ ¸ ¦Ï ¸ ǡ - ¸ × × ǡ ¦ ¸ ¸ dzǢ ͳͻͻͲȂǷ ¸- Ï ÑǤ × - ¸ ¸¦ ¸¦ĀĂ ǡ-¸dzǤǣǤǡǦ ǨǡǷdzͳͻͻǡ ͵ǡǤͳͳȂͳͳͻǤ ͳͶԘ ǥǡǤͶǤ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϲϳ
ZLJĐ͘Ϯ͘^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĂƚƌĞƑĐŝĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵũħnjLJŬĂĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝĞŐŽ
ƌſĚųŽ͗Nacionalni kurikulum nastavnoga predmeta Hrvatski jezik͕Ɛ͘Ϯ
Ϧ × × Ï ǡÏ×Ă Ï¦- ¦¸ǡ׸Ā×Ï ¸ǡ- ǡ×Ǥ ä Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ¦ ǡ ¦ × ¸ä ¸- Ȃ×ǡ ǡǤ -¸×Ă×Ă ¸×Ă ×Ǥ ¸ ¸ ÏĂ ǡ Ă ¦©¦©× ÏǡĂä ©ä ¸ ǡǤ ¦¦ ä ¦¸¦ ǣä ǡä ¸ ǡ ׸ǡ¸ ǡ ä ǡ×Ă Ï¦ ×à ׸ǡä ¸¸ǡ ǡ×ä ×-Ă ä Ǥ¸
ϲϴ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů © ¸ ×ÏĂä -ǡ ¸ ǡ ǡ Ă -Ăä ¸ ×× Ǥ × ä ȋ- ȌǤ ¦ ¸ ͵ǤǷǦ ¸dzǡǷ× ä©dzǷdz¦¦-ǡ ¸ä ¦ ǡ × ¦¸ä Ï ǡ ǡ×Ǥ Ăä ¸ × Ï-¦× ¸ ǡÏ× ¸ä ÏÏÏ ¸ǡǡ -Ǥ¦×¦ Ï䩦 ¦ Ï ǡĂ Ǥ ZLJĐ͘ϯ͘KďƐnjĂƌLJ;ĚŽŵĞŶLJͿŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂĐũŝĐĞůſǁŝƚƌĞƑĐŝŶĂƵĐnjĂŶŝĂǁƌĂŵĂĐŚƉƌnjĞĚŵŝŽƚƵͣũħnjLJŬĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝ͟
ƌſĚųŽ͗Nacionalni kurikulum nastavnoga predmeta Hrvatski jezik͕Ɛ͘ϲ
¸ ǣ Ԙ – ¦¸ ¸ä ǡä ×Ă × × ä Ǣ Ԙ – Ǣ Ԙ – ä ×Ǣ Ԙ – ×Ă ¸ Ï×Ñ ×¸×Ǣ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϲϵ Ԙ – Ï ä ×Ă × ä × Ï ¸ ǡ ¸ ¸Ǣ Ԙ – ¸Ǣ Ԙ – ä ä Ȃ ¸ ¸ä Ăä Ǣ Ԙ – Āǡ× - × Ǣ Ԙ – ×Ă ×Ā×Ïǡä ǡ- ä ͳͷ. × ä ǡ× ä - Ǧ Ï ȋ ǤͶȌǤ ZLJĐ͘ϰ͘dƌĞƑĐŝŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂǁƉŽƐnjĐnjĞŐſůŶLJĐŚŽďƐnjĂƌĂĐŚ;ĚŽŵĞŶĂĐŚͿƉƌnjLJũħƚĞũĂŬŽƉƵŶŬƚǁLJũƑĐŝĂ ĚŽƵƐƚĂůĂŶŝĂǁLJĐŚŽǁĂǁĐnjŽͲĞĚƵŬĂĐLJũŶLJĐŚĞĨĞŬƚſǁŶĂƵĐnjĂŶŝĂũħnjLJŬĂĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝĞŐŽ
ƌſĚųŽ͗Nacionalni kurikulum nastavnoga predmeta Hrvatski jezik͕Ɛ͘ϴ
<ƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĞũħnjLJŬŽǁĞ
¸ Ï ¸ ¦ Ï Ƿ ¸dzǡ Ï × -¦¸¦ ǣͳȌǡʹȌÏ ǡ͵Ȍ×ǡͶȌǡ ͷȌǡȌǡȌǡͺȌ ¸ä ȋ ǤͶǤȌǤ- ×Ï ©ǡĂ×ǣ Ԙ – ¸ ǡ ǡ Ï Ǣ Ԙ – ××Ă ǡ Ǣ ͳͷԘǤ ǥǡǤͶǤϳϬ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů Ԙ – ¸ä Ï ×ǡ Ǥ äǡ ¦×ǡ ä Ñǡ Āǡ ×Ă Ǣ Ԙ
– strategii komunikacyjnych koniecznych do zrozumienia i tworzenia tekstu na Ǣ Ԙ – ¸ä Ïä × × ǡ Ǥ - × × ÑǢ Ԙ – ää ǡ × Ă Ï¦ Ăä© Ăä©×æ ׸ͳ. Ă ©ǡĂ ä ä¸- ×Ă × ǡ ××Ï- Ǥ ¸ ä Ï Ï¦ ǡ×Ï ×¸©ͳ. ǣǷ ¸ dzÏ ¦¸©- ȋ ǡ¸ǡ ǡǡǡǤȌǡĂ -×Ï Ñ ǡǤǣ¸ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ¸- ǡÏĂä ¸Ǥ -×Ă Ï ¸ ¦ ¦ Ï ǣ ǡ - ǡǡǡ¸ǡ- ǡ Ǥ ×Ï × - ǡ× Ā×ÏĀ©ĂϦ ǡÏ ¸Ǥ ä©ǡĂÏϸĂäצ- ¸ ¦Ǥ ¸ ä Ǧ ¸ - ¦ Ï Ï × Ï ǡ × - Ǥ¦ ¸ǡ× Ñ ¸ä - ¸ǡ©¸¦ ×ͳͺ. ÏĂ ä ¸ǡ¸ Ï ×ǡȋ Ǥ͵Ȍ ¸Ï × ǡ¦ Ï Ǥ ͳԘǤ ǥǡǤͷǤ ͳԘĂǤ͵ͲʹȂ͵ͳ͵Ǥ ͳͺԘĂǡǤ͵ͳͳǤ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϳϭ STRATEGIE KOMUNIKACYJNE Vȋ Ȍ O Ԙ – Ï Ȁ ǡ ¸ǡ ä©ǡ Ԙ – ¦ ¦ Ï×ǡ Ԙ – Ï Ȁ ǡ Ԙ – ¸Ï¸ Ï Ȁ ǡ¸ ǡϦ ¸Ïǡ Ԙ – ¸Ï ǡĂȀĂǡ Ïä ǡ Ԙ – ǡǡ¦ǡ ȀÏ ǡ Ԙ – Ȁ Ï ǡ Ԙ – Ï ǡǡäÏ Ȁ - ǡ CZYTANIE Ԙ – ¸ ǡä ǡ¦ǡ-¸©Ï×ȋ Ȍ ¸ä ǡ Ԙ – ¦¸¦ ǡ Ԙ – ȋǷ¦dzȌÏǡ© Ïä© ¦Ā Ïǡ Ԙ – ¦ä© - Ïä ǡ Ԙ – ¸ȋäȌ ǡ ǡÏ×ǡ Ԙ – ǡǡÏǡ× Ïǡ ©Ǥ ȋ Ȍ
ROZMAWIANIE, DYSKUTOWANIE, MÓWIENIE
Ԙ – Ăäǡǡ ǡ-×ǡ Ԙ – Ïǡ×Ϧ ǡǡ ×ǡ Ԙ – Ï Ï ¸ ¦ Ïǡ ¦ ¦ ¦ Ïä ¦ ǡ Ԙ – ǡ ǡ×ǡ Ԙ – ¸¦ǡ Ԙ – ¸×Ă ǡ Ԙ – ¦ǡ¸ǡ¸ǡ¦ ¦ Ǥ MÓWIENIE I PISANIE Ԙ – Ï Ăä ǡ ǡ
ϳϮ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů Ԙ – ¦Ȁǡ Ԙ – ǡ¦ Ï ¦×Ă Ā×Ïǡ Ԙ – ϸ ǡ Ԙ – Ï ä¸Ăä -ǡ ǡ Ԙ – ǡ ¸ ×Ȁ ¸ä ä ǡ Ԙ – ǡä©Ï ¸ǡ Ԙ – Ï ¸ ä ×ǡ Ԙ – ¸ä¦¸Ȁ×Ǥ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŶĂƵĐnjĂŶŝĂŐƌĂŵĂƚLJŬŝ
Ăǡä× Ï ¸ ϸ Ǥ-¦¦ ÏĂ ¸ ä¸ǡø×Ǥä ¸ ǡø -¸¸ Ǥϸ×Ă ǡĂ × Ă- Ï ͳͻǤ × ¸ ¸ ʹͲǡ Ȁ ¸- Ï ʹͳǡ¸ Ƿdzȋ ¸ Ƿ¸ dzȌ ¦ ¸¦ ǣ ¸ ȋȌ ¸ ¦ǡ ¦ ¦ ¸ ¸¦ ¸Ǥ¸ä ¸Ï¸- ä©× ǡ¸-ǡ¸ ǡǡ×Ǥǣ 䩸 ǡ Ï ǡ¸- ¸©ʹʹ Ǥ ¸- Ï ×¸ Ă-ä × ǡ ǡÏ Ǥæ¸ ¸ä © ¸ ×Ă © Ñ ¸ ǡ × ¦ © © i pisemneʹ͵. ͳͻԘǤǡǤeǡǡ« Ǧ ǡæǣʹͲͳͲǤȀʹͲͳͳǡǤʹǡǣȀȀȀǣȀȀȀȀΨʹͲ Ǥȏ¸ǣͳͲǤͲǤʹͲͳȐǤ ʹͲԘĂǡǤʹǤ ʹͳԘĂǡǤ͵Ǥ ʹʹԘĂǡǤ͵ȂͶǤ ʹ͵ԘĂǡǤͶǤ<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϳϯ Ă©ǡĂ ÏĂÏÏ×- Ǧ ǡ × ¦ǡ ǡ Ă ä Ïæ ¸ǡ ä ÏÑ Ǥä Ǧ ¸ Ï ¸ Ǥ ¦¦ ×Ă ¦ ¦ æ ¸ǡ× ¸¦ǡ ÏǢ ×Ïæ ǡ © ×Ă ǡ äǡ ä ǡ ǡǤ ¦- ä ¸ǡ׸ ÏĂ ǣ Ԙ – 䩸ǡ Ԙ – ¸ ¦ä ¦ ¦ǡä ä¦-ä ǡ Ԙ – ÏĂ ä ¸ʹͶ. ¸ ÏĂ ¦ ä ¸Ǥ ǡ Ă ¸ -ä Ѹǡ×Ïǡø¦ ¸ä ¦ Ï©¸ǡ ×Ï ǡ Ȃ¸¸ øȋ ¦ Ï×ǡÑ ¦ - ÏĂ Ȍ¦¦¸Ï-niu tej funkcji.
Ñ -Ïǡæ¸ä ǡ¸ Ï × Ï×ǡ¦¦Ȃ ϸ ä¦ ȋ× ¦ǡ ¦Ȍ Ȃ ä Ïæ ǡ ¸×Ă ǡ Ǥ ¸ Ï Ƿ ¸ dzÏæ Ï - ¦ × × ¸ Ǥ × Ï-×Ï Ă ¦ ¸ Ïǣ 9ǤͳȂͶ ǤͳǤʹͷ äÏ ×ǡ ÏǤ ǤʹǤ äǡǤ ʹͶԘǤ ǥǡǤ͵ͲͷǤ ʹͷԘ × ×Ï Ƿdz ä ȋ ͳǡʹǡ͵Ǥ ¦¸¦ǡ¦ǤȌǤ
ϳϰ ĂŶƵƚĂ:ĂƐƚƌnjħďƐŬĂͲ'ŽůŽŶŬĂ͕ŐŶŝĞƐnjŬĂZLJƉĞů Ǥ͵Ǥ äǡǡ Ϧ ¦ ×ǡ×Ǥ ǤͶǤ ÑϦ ÏĂǡ ǡ -¦ ¸¸¦Ǥ ǤͷǤ Ñ ¦ ¸ - Ï ǡÏĂ Ǥ ǤǤ Ѹ Ñ ÏĂ Ǥ ǤͺǤ ÑϦ¸ ǡ¦ -ÏĂʹ. ×Ï ×Ï- ǡ × ¸ä ¸Ǧ ¦ ǡǤǣ Ñ ä ¸Ñ ÏĂ ǡ- Ï ¸ä Ǥ ¸¦Ȁ¦¸¸¦äÑ Ï×Ǥä¸ ¸ Ǥ ×Ă ÏĂ ×ϸǡ ¸ ¸ ¸ÑÏ Ï¦ ÑȋϦ- ×ǡ Ϧ¸ ¸ÑÏ Ï¦ ÑȋϦ- ×ȌǤ ×Ă Ñǣ ¸ǡ ¸Ǣ×ϸÏĂǣϦ ǡ -ǡϦ ǤǢ¸ÏĂǣ ǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ äǤ ×Ï ȋǤǤ¸ʹ ȌϸϦ- ¦¸¸ǡ×- ¸ ä ¸ǡǤǣ Ѧ ¸ä ä Ǥä ¸ ʹԘǤ ǥǡǤͶͷȂͳͳͶǤ ʹԘÏ Ï ǣ ×Ă Oä Ǥ- ä×Ă ¸¸Ï Ï- ÏǤ ÏǤ-×Ă Ï ×ǡǤ ǡ×Ǥ×Ă VVǤ¸ ¦¦Ï ¸ Ǥ¸¸¦×-ä Ǥä 9 ä ¸¸¦Ï ¸× ¸×ȋÏǡǡ ȌǤǤ ǥǡǤͳʹȂͳʹǤ
<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĞŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂũħnjLJŬŽǁĞŐŽǁƉŝƐĂŶĞǁĐŚŽƌǁĂĐŬŝŽĚƉŽǁŝĞĚŶŝŬ͙ ϳϱ ¸¸¦Ï ¸× ¸×ȋÏǡǡ ȌǤ -¸¸¦Ăä ʹͺ. ä ä ¸- ǡ Ǥ ä ¸ ä© ¸©ǡ ¸ǡ × Ï© ¸ ǡ ϸǡĂä©ǡ׸ Ă©Ïǡ×Ï- Ǥ¸×Ă ǡǤ × - ǡ¦ÏĂ©Ï¸ ʹͻ. ¦ Ï Ï ¦ ¦ ¸ Ï× ǡ Ǥǣ Ƿ ¸ ǡ Ï׸ - Ïϸ¸ - dz͵ͲǤ ¦ ¸ä ¸ ¦ Ǧ - ÏĂ Ƿ ¸ dzǤ