ŶŶĂůĞƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĂƟƐWĂĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂĞƌĂĐŽǀŝĞŶƐŝƐ
^ƚƵĚŝĂĂĚŝĚĂĐƟĐĂŵ>ŝƩĞƌĂƌƵŵWŽůŽŶĂƌƵŵĞƚ>ŝŶŐƵĂĞWŽůŽŶĂĞWĞƌƟŶĞŶƟĂs//
(2016)
/^^EϮϬϴϮʹϬϵϬϵŶƚŽŶŝŶĂnjĞďĂŶĞŶŬŽ
dLJƉŽǁĞďųħĚLJŝƚƌƵĚŶŽƑĐŝũħnjLJŬŽǁĞƉŽũĂǁŝĂũČĐĞƐŝħǁƚƌĂŬĐŝĞ
ŶĂƵĐnjĂŶŝĂhŬƌĂŝŷĐſǁũħnjLJŬĂƉŽůƐŬŝĞŐŽũĂŬŽŽďĐĞŐŽ
ÏǡĂ ¸Ï¸ ¦ ¦ ¸ Ñ ×Ǥ Ïà צ ǡ ¦ © ¦ǡ - ¦¸ Ǥ Ï×Ă ¸ ¸ ä ǡ×¦Ñ ¦ ¸¸ǤÏ- Ï ¸ Ǥ ÏÏ ¸ Ï ʹͲͲ××ĂȋͺȌǤĂ ͳͳǡ ×ĂäǤ¦¦×Ăä ¦ä Ă äǣǷ dzǡǷ dzǷ ¦ ¸dzǤ¸¸ ¸ä ϸǡ×Ïǡ × ¦ǡ Ă ¦ ¸¸ ǤĂÏ Ïϸ ¸Ǥ Ƿ ¸¸ÑȀ¸×- ȋ © ¸ ׸ ¦Ȍǡ ×æ ¸ ×Ï × ¸ Ȃ ǡ ǡÏdzͳǤ ©Ï¸¦ ¸ Ï¸× ÏÑ ǡĂ ¦ - ×ǡĂä©ǡĂĂÏ-¸ ѸÑǡĂǷ¸ ¸ä Ă¸Ï Ï ǡĂ¸Ï ¸ä dzʹ. ¸ ¦©ǡ× × ¸×- ¦ ä© ¸ ¦©ǡ× × ¸×- ¸ǡ ¸ ©Ïȋ¦ ¸Ăä ͳԘǤ¦ǡǤǡǤǡ©Ǥ Ǧ ¸ ǡʹͲͳͲǡǤͳͶǤ ʹԘ ¸ǡǤǤȀȀ ΨͶΨͻͻ̴̴̴ǡ ȏ¸ͲͻǤͲͳǤʹͲͳȐǤȌǡ¦ ¦ ×Ă Ñ¸¸- ÑȀǡ×ĂǡĂ©- ϸ׸ Ǥ¦ ¦ǡ×- ÏѸä©Ǥ
ųħĚLJĨŽŶĞƚLJĐnjŶĞ
Ƿ¸ǡĂ ¸Ñ × ¸Ă ¦¦©ǡĂÑ- ¦ÏǡÏ Ñ Ǥ Ïä¦ä©¸×ÏÑ ¸ Ȃ × ¸ ¸ -ǡ¦ ϸdz3. ¸¸ ¸Ă Ï ¸Ȃ Ǥ¸-× ÏÑ ¸ ¸ä Ïȏ«Ȑǡ׸¸ǡ¸-ÑĂ ¸¦¸Ï¸ Ǥ צǡ Ǥcz© i czieÑ. Na ¦Ă© ä© Ïǡ-¦ ǡ×Ă © i ǡ ǤÏȏȐĂÏ ǡĂ ¸ ǣ ¸ĂȏˎȐȋˎ˃ˏ˒˃ǡ˄˃ˎˎˑː)ǡĂȏˎ˟ȐȋˎˈˍǦ ˙ˋˢǡ˒ˑˎˈ)Ͷ. ¸¦ ä ¦ ¦ ¸ Ā¸× Ă ¸ ǡ ǡ × ¸¦ǡ Ā¸ ÏǤǷĂ ÑĀ¸ȋÏʙˋ˫ȏ˲Ȑ – ʙˋ˫˅Ȍǡ- Ă ¸ Ă× ¸ Ñ-ǡ¸ dz5Ǥ ¸ä ¸ ©¦ tlǡl –ѦȀ¦Ï¦ȏȐÑ Ïwǡ¦ ¦Ā¸ȏȐǤO¦©ǡĂ ¦ ×Ā¸ǡ ¦ ¸Ï Ǥ ¸×Ă Ï Ï¦ä ¦ǡǡǡǡĀǡäǡĂǡǡǡ øÑǡ Ā¸ ϸȋ ÏÑ ¸ ǡ 3Ԙ Ǥ ǡ ¸ × ǡ Ǥ ʹǡ ¸ǡ×ʹͲͳͳǡǤͳͶ͵Ǥ ͶԘǤǡʞ˓˃ˍ˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˃ˢˆ˓˃ˏˏ˃˕ˋˍ˃˒ˑˎ˟˔ˍˑˆˑˢˊ˞ˍǡ×ʹͲͳʹǡǤʹʹȂʹͷǡ ͵ͲǤ ͷԘǤ ǡǥǡǤͳͷͳǤ ÏÑ ǡ× ǡÏÏ ǣ¦Ă – ˏ˖ˉ(ĂȌǡ ¸ĂȂ˕ˢˉˍˋˌ(Ă)). Demonstracja wymowy tych ÏÏÏ ¦©¸ ¦ ǤĂ× ¦ ¸ǡ Ǥ × © ¸ Ă ¸ Ƿdzȋ×Ă ȏȐȏȐȌǤ¦ ǡa zamiastazamiastǤ צ ¸ Ă × © Ă ×ǡ Ă -Ă ÑȀϸ¦ǡĂ ¸ ¦ ¸ ǡ ¦ × Ñ ǣ Ñ ǦȀǦ (ǡ ǤȌǢ Ñ ȋǡ ǤȌǢ Ï ǡ Ñ × Ǧäǡ Ǧä ĂÏ ǡ np. äǡä Ǣ ¦ ǡ Ñ ×ǦǡǦäǡǦǡǦäǡ Ǧä ĂÏǡǤ äǡ ä 6.
ųħĚLJŵŽƌĨŽůŽŐŝĐnjŶĞ
ä Ï ¦¦ ¸ æ ¸ä ¸ǡÏ- Ï× Āǡ Ǥ ĂÏ-¸ä ǡ׸Ñǡ Ǥ ¸ ȋ˅ˑːˋǡˑːˋȌøǡ×ǡ Ǥ¸ ǡǡ ÏÏ ¸Ǥ- ×Ă ¸Ï©Ï¦ Ïe ǡ eǡ ¦tydzitp. Brak rozumienia istoty tej kategorii ¸Ïϸ ×ǡ× -×ǡ×Ϧ ¦¸ ¸¦ǣ¦re tydzǡzy etyǨǡatyǤÏä Ñ ×¸¸Ă- ¸Ǥ ¸ ¦ĂÏ -×ǣ i (por. Ǥ˅ˈˎˋˍ˪ˍ˓˃˒ˎ˪Ȍǡ y (por. Ǥːˑ˅˪ˏ˃Ǧ ˕˓˃˙ˋȌǡ Ïi (por. ros. ˅ˍ˖˔ː˞ˈˢ˄ˎˑˍˋ). צĂ×Ăä -ǡĂÏ ¦×¸ Ǥ× ¸Ï¦ǣǤˇˋ˕ˋː˃ȋǤȌȂĂÑ ȋǤȌ – ro-Ǣ˓˖˚ˍ˃ȋǤȌȂĂÑÏȋǤȌȂ¸Ǥ Ԙ ¸ǡǤǤȀȀ ̴ΨͶΨͻͻ̴ ȏ¸ͲͻǤͲͳǤʹͲͳȐǤ¦ ä ¦ ä© ¸ ¸ × Ï ÑÑ ×¦ǦumǡĂ Ï- Ñ ¸ ø¸ - Ǥ ¸ ¦¸¦ ǣ × ¸ uǢ¸¸ ie. Ăϸ ¸Ă¦ ǣ – Ϧ ¸ȋ¸ ȌÑ ×ǦȋǤǦȌøǦu zamiast -owiǡ (np. Ï uǢ uĂȌǡ -ȂÑ ×Ǧam¦ ǦomǡǤǣam ¸©.
– ¸ ȋ¸ȌǦom zamiast -emǡǤǢ omǢ ¸¸om (por. z ros. ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕ˑˏǡˑˍːˑˏ). – Ï ¸ Ñǡ ¸ ǡ ¦ ǡ¦ ǤĂ ä¦ ǡ¦× ©¸ ¦ǡÏ ǣaǨ Ā -© ¸ǡ Ă ¦ Ȁǡ ȋ ¸ ÑȌĂĂ ǣ © ȂȋȌ ǡ©ȂȋȌamǤ ¸ ¸×Ă - Ï ×Ǥ ǡ×Ă-×Ă©ǡæ × ǣȋˢȌ˓ˑ˄ˋ˅ǡȋ˕ˋȌ˓ˑ˄ˋ˅ǡȋ˅˪ːȌ ˓ˑ˄ˋ˅ etc. ȋȌÏǡȋȌÏǡȋȌÏǤ ¦ ǡ × ¦ Ă ÏǤ× Ï ÏÑ ¸ Ϧ ǡ ¸Ǥ Ă ©Ï¦ǡǣÏȋȌ ǡÏ . ǡ Ï ǡÏ¦Ă Ïǣ¸¸ ÏȀ Ïǡ¸ ÏȀ Ǥǡæ ׸ ¦ ¸Ǥ ¸× ¦ Ă Ǥ
ųħĚLJůĞŬƐLJŬĂůŶĞ
Ƿä© ¸ × Ăǡ Ï× ¸ - ǡ Ï ¸ ¸-ǡ ¸ä© Ï ǡ × ǡ ǡ Ï Ǧ-dz Ǥä Ă Ï ©-¸¸Ñ Ǥ Ï ¸Ă©¸-ǡǣ ͳǤԘȋ×Ă ×Ȍǡ×Ă Ï-× ¸ Ï © ¸ ÑȀ - Ǥ Ǥ ÏÑǡ × Ï ¦ ǡǤä ©ȋǤä©ǡǤ˓˃ˇ˪˔˕˟ǡǤ˓˃ˇˑ˔˕˟Ȍǡ rodziny i krewnych (ǤǡǤ˔ˈ˔˕˓˃ǡǤ˔ˈ˔˕˓˃Ȍǡ ¸ä ÏȋǤ¸ǡ Ǥ ˓˖ˍ˃ǡ Ǥ ˓˖ˍ˃Ȍ ¦× ¸ ȋǤ ǡ Ǥ ˔ˈ˓˙ˈǡ Ǥ ˔ˈ˓ˇ˙ˈȌ Ǥ æ ×Ă ǣ ǡ × ¦ Ā×ÏÏ ȋǤǡǤˏ˖ˊˈˌǡǤˏ˖ˊˈˌǢǤǦ ǡǤˆ˓˃ˏ˃˕ˋˍ˃ǡǤˆ˓˃ˏˏ˃˕ˋˍ˃Ȍ×Ï ǡ ¦ ¸ ȋǤǡǤ˔˕˓ˈ˔ǡǤ˔˕˓ˈ˔˔). ʹǤԘæǡצ ¦ ǡà 䩸 Ǥä× ǣ- ä ǡǤǤ¦ǡǤ˔˖˔˪ˇǡǤ˔ˑ˔ˈˇ ¦ Ă Ï¦ Ñ ǷÏ dzǣ ©ä ¦ ©ǡÏä ¸ ÏÑ ¸-zykach (por. Ǥ˚ˋ˘˃˕˟ i Ǥ˚˘˃˕ˋ)ǤÏä×-¸ ×ǡ× ¸¸ jako obcego i pochodzi z Ukrainy.
͵ǤԘ ǡϦ ǡ Ïȋ Ă Ȍǡ× ¸Ñ-ÏĂ Ñäǣ ǡ ǡǦ ǡ ǡ æ ǡÏ ǡä©i inne. Zrozumienie Ï Ă¦ ¸Ă-Ï ÏǤ ä©× ¸Ă Ñ-kacji. Wyraz Ïϸͺ¸¦ ǣ ͳǤԘ¦ ¸ ¦Ā¸¸¦ Ă Ǥ ʹǤԘǡǡÏǤ ͵ǤԘ¸ǡǤ ͶǤԘ¦ ¦ǡ Ǥ ͷǤԘ¦¦ Ǥ ǤԘ¦ ¸ ä ä¸ä Ǥ ԘǤ ǡǥǡǤͳͷͳǤ ͺԘ ¸ ǡ ǤǤȀȀ ̴ΨͶΨͻͻ̴ ȏ¸ ͲͻǤͲͳǤʹͲͳȐǤ
¸͵ǤǤ ͻǡ ¦ ǷÏæ¸dz¸Ï×ǡ zrozumiany niepoprawnie. ǡ×ǡ ¦ ¦-¦ ¸ǡǤ
ųħĚLJƐŬųĂĚŶŝŽǁĞ
¸ ä Ï Ă¸ ¦Ï ¸- ×ǤÏ-ä ϸש¸Ǥ¸ ĂǤ ¸ä ÏĂǤǤ- ¸ ǣÏ ©ȋǫ ǫȌ – ˔ˎ˖˛˃˕˟ȋǫ ǫȌˏ˖ˊ˞ˍ˖ǡǤ¸Ï ©¸Ǣ©¸ȋǫ ǫȌ ¦ – ˄ˈ˔˒ˑˍˑˋ˕˟˔ˢȋǫ ǫȌˑ˄ˑˎˈˊːˋǡǤ¸¸oǦ ej ieǤ ϸ×Ă ©×Ă ǡ × ¸ǣ ÏǦ ¦ (por. ros. ʝː˃˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ˎ˃ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎˋ˔˕ˍˑˌȌǢ (por. ros. ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋːʙˑ˅˃ˎ˟˔ˍˋˌˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ˔ˋˏ˒˃˕ˋ˚ː˞ˏ) itd. ¸Ă©¸ĂĂ× ǡ Ïä¸ ¸¦ ¸ǡ- ¦ ä ǣÑ ¸Ï¸ǡ¸¸ Ǥ ¸ ¦¸- × ǡ Ǥ Ϊ ǣ ǡ ¸ © ¸ (por. ukr. ʮ ˉˋ˅˖ ˄˪ˎˢ ʦˑ˓ːˑˆˑˏˑ˓ˢǢʚˡ˄ˎˡ˚ˋ˕˃˕ˋ˕˅ˑ˓ˋ˘˖ˇˑˉː˟ˑ˫ˎ˪˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ˋȌǤ¸ ǡø ÏÑ przymiotnik ¸ × Ï¸× Ï × - ¸ȀÑǡ ׸ - ÏǤ ¦ ä Ă © ¸ -ǡ ׸ǡ ¸Ǥ ¦ ¸ © Āǡ Ă-× ¦© ¸ä Ï Ǥ jest ǡää©Ï- ¸ ǤĂ Ă-©¦ǡ©¸ä©Ï¸×ǡצ¸ ¸× Ǥ ͻԘǤǡǤÑǡ ¸ ǡ× ʹͲͲͷǡǤͷǤ