E W E M E C í m H b l M H fiY M H 0 -n P 0 H 3 B 0 U C T B E H H b l[Ü
H i V P H O n
q f í T A Ú T E H H 0 M E P E
y jiy tm iH T b pyKOBoacTBO com iaancT H - aecKHM copesHOBaHHeM Ha 3b to- TpaHcnopTe ... 1 A. c y P H H , A. U iy jIb M A H - 3a
AaabHeömee pa3BHTne a B ro ip a iic - nopTHbix npeanpHsiTHñ o ß m e ro n0JIb30B3HHÍI . „ ...„ 4 K . L U T y K A T y P O B — I Io b m c iim na-
fleacHOCTb h A oaroB eanocT b as- T O M O Ö H Ä e f t ... 8
3 K 0 H 0 M H K a H OpraHH3aUHSI npoHSBOACTBa
C. n E T P y X M H H B. 3 H H H H — Kom- njieKCHbie ó p a ra A M n o Texm iae- CKOMy OÖCJiyjKHBaHHK) H TéKy- meM y peMOHTy b aBT0X03HÄCTBe 9 M . ry p E B H M , r . U IE X T E P - O n b iT
H C n 0 JIb 3 0 B a H H H BHyTpOHHKX p e - 3epBO B B a B T 0 X 0 3 a ftC T B e . . . . 11
9KcnJiyaTaiíH5i aBTOMoSiiabHoro TpaH cnopta
fl. 3 A K H H — FIoBopoTOcnocoÖHOCTb aBTOMOÔHJia C ÄByXOCHbIM npH- u e n o M ... 14 fl. 3A/1.0P0>KHBlPI — Oh m t paöo-
Tbi aBTOMOÖHJia 3 H 3-1 50 c aBy- Ma n p H u e n a M H ... 17 B. Ä E rT H P E B — O peryjinpOBKax
raaBHoft nepe A aa n... 18 A . nO Æ C K P E B O B A — /Iyqm iie rao-
(Jiepbl CopOHHHCKOH aBTo6a3bi HicaaoBCKoro aBT0C0BX03TpecTa 20
PeMOHT aBTOMOÖHjieii T. r P 0 3 0 B C K H f î — riyTH yMeHb-
meHHH p a cxo A a aBTOMoÖHJibHbix 3anacHbix a a c T e ä ... 21
<î>. BEPELUAK — OancTKa n MoÜKa AeTaaeÄ n p a p e M O H T e... 24
KOHCTpyKUHH aBTOMOÖHJieß H MeXaHH3MOB K. T E H K H H — 9kohomhh Tonaraa
3 a c a e T n p n M e H e H H a ö e A H b ix CMe- ceft h onraM aabH oro pe ryan po- B a H H H... 29
H 3 HCTOpHH aBTOMOÖHJIfl A . B E f ö C M A H — .BbiCTpoicaT* . . . 33
AßTOMOTOCnOpT B. L L IB A fiK O B C K M ft — CopeBHOBa-
HHG Ha nepBGHCTBO MapKH MOTO- UHKaoB . . . 35
OÖMeH onbiTO M A . K P A M A P C K M H — P a i» i0 HaaH3a-
TopcKaa paöoTa na aßTopeMOHT- HOM 3aBO Ae... 38 B. M E H C K M 1 Ś — P erya H p o B a n n e pe-
ae o ö p a T H o ro TOKa re H e p a io p a C HapyjKHblM BBOAOM OÖMOTKH
B030y»AeHHa 40
H . K y 3 H E L i,O B — ripoB epK a Kaae- CTB3 npHTHpKH KaanaHOB ABHra- T e a e f t... 40 M . E C M M O H T O B C K M ft — M3to t o b-
aeHHe ByaKaHH30BaHHbix na a cT U - peñ H3 KycKO Boro Kopaa . . . 41
AB TO M oöHJibHaa x p o H H K a CoBemaHHe no BonpocaM paöoTbi,
npoeKTHpoBâHHH h HcnbiTaHHa a BT O M O 6 H a tj H bl X UIHH. — BeH30- 3anpaBoaHbie CTaHUHH Ha aBTO- MarHCTpaan. — CoBemaHHe n o H3HOcy unaHHApoB h nopraHeBbix K oaea. — PacTeT a n c a o h h a h b h- A yaabH bix BaaAeabueB aBTOMO- ö n a e f t ... 42
FlHCbMa MHTaTeaefl Ä . K A K H 4 E B — O nw T sKcnayaTa-
UHH UIHH C BOCCTâHOBaeHHbïM n p o T e x T o p o M ... 45 E. Z ŁM C K H H — 3 a eAHHbie ct3BKh
onaaT bi n p e n o A a B a ie a e ft aBTO- u iK o a ... 46
K p H T H K a h 6 H Ö a H o rp a (j)H n F . C O J IO B b E B — HeyAaaH oe n o co -
6 ne n o npaßnaaM abhhcchhh . . 47 H O B b i e K H H T H ...
H a o ö j i o s K e : F Io r p y 3Ka xainHH 9KCK3BaTopoM „ y p a a e u * Ha aBTo- MOÔnab-caMOCBaa A A 3 -2 1 0 E b >KHpHOBCKOM x a p b ep e B o a ro - AOHCTpOH.
'í 1 oto B . C a p a n ą e n a
A a p e c p e a S K H H i r : MocKBa, 12. HnaTbeBCKHñ nep., 14. Tea. K 0*08-10; no5. 9.
Pe^aKTop M. C. EypKOB.
r E rH V K U llO H H A li K O J U IE M il: B. II. AÆLTinyjuiep, JI. JI. Atfianaci.CB, JI. A. Bponnrreibi, H. B. EpycanneB, ,H. U. BejnncanoB, II. M. ToOepuaa, B. B. Et^pcmoB, TI. í». 3eiucKOB,
B. A, IÍ0.10C0B, A. JI.
Ko j ih’ic b,A. M. JIcBameB, E. A. My^auoo,
nPO /lETAFM M BCEX CTPAH, C O EAM HBM TECb'
f f l B T O M O B M / l b
O P r A H M H H H C T E P C T B A A B T Q M . O E M A b H O r o
T P \ H C n O P T A
P C t P C P A B r V C T
1 9 5 1
^ > X E M E C g g H b lM H f lV W H O - n P O H 3 B O ilC T B E r iH b lŃ W y P H A / 1
r o a M 3 f l A H n g 2 9 *
y ^ iy m iiH T b pyKOBOACTBO
COUHâJIHCTHHeCKHM COpeBHOBclHHCM Ha aBTOTpaHcnopTe
KTHBHOCTb H CaMOOTBepXeHHOCTb, 3HTy3H33M H
^ 0 pqecKaH HHHimaraBa T pyA am axca, Ham eAinne cBoe
^JPajKeuHe bo BceaapoAHOM coanajiHCTHqecKOM copeB-
^ B a n n n h b MaccoBoM ^b h ä c h h h HOBaTopoB, o 6ecne- H a " ! BceMHPHO' H'CTOPHqecKHe n o 6e«bi Hameft Po a h h m
<PPOHTe MHpHOrO X03HHCTBeHHOrO CTpOHrejIbCTBa.
„ 0IIHa-nH3M, KaK reHMa.nbHO npeABHAeA Jlem m ,
^ e a p a i- H ji Tpya n 3 3a3opHoro h T H x e jio ro fipeiweHH, Cj iKiim oh HBjineTCH npH KanHTajiHSMe, b a e jio qecTH, 5
KeaBLl’
aoß-aecTH h repoficTBa.TpyÄ
bCCCP
oKpy- noqeTOM, «60 Tpya H COUHaAHSM HgOTAeAHMbl p y r O'T A p yra .^ « P a ß o tm e h KpecTbsme, — y q n r TOBapaip Ct b a h h, — Qja m yM a H TPeCKa c ip o a m n e 3a-BOAbi h (JjaöpHKH, c03; TŁI h *e ji€ 3 H H 6 A o p o rn , kojixosm h c o b xo su,
•Un©ai0UiHe Bce O jiara hch3h h, KopMHipne h OAeBaro- Pon »BeCb MHP’ ~ B0T KT0 nacToaujiHe re p o n h t b o p u h
^ ° H JKH3HH».
ttyi^ PTI,a JleHHHa CTajiHHa npoHBJiaeT HeycTaH- B^0x 3a6oTy 0 P °CTe np0H3B0AHTejibH0CTH TpyAa. OHa ,r,04BH°BJI!ieT C0BeilCKHX Ha HOBbie TpyAOBbie
rit> pa3B'HlBaeT KX TBOP ïe cK yio HHHHHarHBy, noa- Q HBaeT Bce nafpHOTHqeeKHe HaqHHaHHa.
rfIM 113 peuiaiom iix ycJioBHft ycneuiHoro Bbinoji- Her0 S I,erBePT° r o (nepBoro nocjieBoeHHoro) nHTHAeT- B(iTti6rtJIaHa Ha ^ 4 6 — 1950 roAbi HBHAocb pa3-
p coPHaJiHCTHqecKoro copeBHOBaHHa.
Han,,.01“ 6’ HH*enepHo-TexHHqecKHe paßoTHHKa a c jiy - fte a'BT0;rPaHcnopTa, KaK a Becb coBeTCKHn HapoA, riB'rB jIe,eJIH CHJI ÆI151 T01X)’ qT° ß bI BblnOJIHHTb 33AaHHa T9Tob eTBer° njIa H a > H AOÖHAH'Cb 3HaqHTeAbHMX pe3yAb- PPeß3o » ° BoeHHwii ypoBeHb r p y 3oBMx nepeBosoK 6h a
H-5eH eme b 1949 r. n o q ™ b Asa p a 3a. 3 a
nocAeBoeHHbie t o a n nojiHOCTbto BoccTaHOBAeHo a 3Ha- TOTeAbHO pacmapeHO o ö c A y x n p a H a e HacejieHaa 3bto- OycaMH H aBTOMOÔHAHMH-TaKCH.
MHHHCTepCTBOM aBTOTpaHCTIOpTa yKpaHHCKOH CCP njlaH no r p y 3oBHM nepeB03KaM sa 1950 r. BbmoAHeH
na
1040/0, no naocaxcnpcKHM - na l 06o/0 „ no npo MblIHAeHHOCTH H3 110%. MuHHCTepCTBOM aBTOTpHHC- nopTaPCOCP
nAaHno
r p y 3OBHM -nepeB0 3KaM bh-
noAHeHno
TOHHo-KHAoweTpaMna
101%,no
n a c c a w a p - CKHM nepeB03KaM Ha 111 % n n o npoM binuieHHocra Ha /o- COTHH aBTOX033HCTß M HpeAnpHHTHH 3BTO- rpaHcnopTa n A an 1950 r. b h iio ah h ah AoepoqHO.ÜAHaKo s r a lycnexa He asiot ocHOBanna k csm o- y-cnoKoeHHK).
3a
cpeAHHMii HntjjpaM n CKpbiBaeTca HeyAOBAeTBopareAbHaa paÓOTa M Hornx aBToxosañcTB, HeBbinOAHHBUIHX HAaHa.yKpauHCKoe OTAeAemie Coi033aroTTpaHca b peAOM ßbinoAHHAo nAaH 1950 r. AoepoqHo. OAHano 40 ero 3BTOX033HCTB He BbinoAHHAH nAana. 3 To rOBOpnr O TOM, qTO pyKOBOACTBO OTAeAeHHeM (ynpaBAHfom nft T. Kh h ih b c k h ö) h pecnyöAHKaHCKHH KöMHTeT n p o $ - coroaa paßoqax aBTOTpancnopTa (npeAcenaTeAb t. Top- 6aqeB) He n 3yqaAH n He aHaAnanpoBaAH paßoTbi o t- CTaroniHX a BT0XO3HHCTB, He OKa3bIBaAH IIM nOMOHIH b npeoAOAeHHa OTCTaBanna.
CopnaAHcTHqecKoe copeBHOBaHne ecTb BbipajKeHae TBOpqeCKOH HHHHHaTHBbI H 3KTHBHOCTH MaOC. OhC He TepnHT KOCHOCTH H 33CTOH, HiaÖAOHa H MHHeAHp- CKOTO CTHAH pyKOBOA'CTBa. BlOpOKpaTH3M B 3TOM AßAe CBH3biBaeT SHeprmo, Hm m naraBy n caMocTOHTeAb- HOCTb Maco.
OaKTbl TOBOpHT, qTO HeKOTOpble X03HHCTBeHHbie H npO(})COK)3Hble paÔOTHMKH nblTaiOTCH pyKOBOACTBO
J
copeBHOBameM noAMCHHTb rojib iM aAMHHHCTpnpoBa- HHeM H HiyMHXOH.
YnpaBjiHiomHH Ka3axcKHM pecnyßjiHKaHCKHM oTjie- jieHiHeM Coio33aroTTpaHca t. B a jn o ó a noAUH-caA ot HM6HH KOJI^ieKTHBOB HieCTHAeCHTH aBT0XO3HHCTB AO"
roBOip c o u n a A H C T H A e o K o ro copeBHOBaHHH Ha
1951
r . h BbI3B3A na -COpeBHOBaHHe KOAAeKTHBbI 3BTOTp aH-CnOp T-Hbix inpeAnpHHTHH MHHHCTepcTBa aBTOTpaiHonopTa K a - 3ax€KOH C C P . 06H3aTeAbCTBa, coAepmamwe-cH b stom AoroBope, B KOAJieKTHBax hbtoxo3hhctb He o 6 c y * Ä a - AlHCb H He inpHHHMaAH'Cb.
B M e c T e c A o ro B o p o M t. B a A io ß a p a 3 0 c n a A y n p a B A H - lOlUHM aBTOTpeCTHMH H pyKOBOAHTeAHM aBT0X03HH-CTB AHpeKTHBHOe HHCbMO, CTäBH HX B H3BeCTHO-CTb O TOM, HTO K a3COK)3 3arOTTpaH'C «OT HMeHH B-CeX KOAAeKTHBOB B3HA Ha eeÖH pHA o6H3aTeAbCTB». B nn-cbMe AaeTCH yKa3aHHe «oßcyAHTb npnAaraeM bin AoroBop Ha coöpa- HHHX UJOlJiepOB, peMOHTHblX pa&WHX, HHJKeHepHO-Tex- HHHeCKHX paßOTHIIKOB H c A ym a m n x» H npHHHTHe Ha CeÖH OÖH3aTeAbCTBä Bbl-CASTb K 1 HIOH-H 1951 T.
0 6 a 3TH AOKyMeHTa — «AoroBop» h AHpeKTHBHOe nHCbMO — CBHAeTeAbCTBylOT O TOM, HTO pyKOBOAHTeAb K a 3 a xcK o ro C o io 3 3 a ro rrp a H ca t. EaAK>6a HapyuiHA ÖOAbHieBHCTOKIHH UpHHHHItl OpraHH33HHH COUHaAHCTHqe- cKoro copeBHOBaHHH, noAMeHHA ero myMHXoñ h Kanue- AHpCKO-ßropOKpaTHHeCKHM MeTOÄOM pyKOBOACTBa,
«zioroeop» KasaX'CKoro C o ro ssa ro rrp a H ca coAep*HT CTaHAapTHbie, OAHHaKOBbie ÄAH Bcex aBT0X03HHCTB o6h- 3aTeAbCTBa H n0Ka3aTeAH 6e3 yneTa y x e A O -C T H ra yT o ro ypOBHH paÓOTbl nepeAOBblMH aBTOX03HHCTB3MH. Oh HenpaBHAbHO opneHTHpyeT aBT0X03H»CTBa b Bonpooe pa3BHTHH ÄBHJKeHHH 3a BbicoKHe Me>KpeMOHTHbie npo- 6 e rn . 3tot cfiaKT roso p u T o to m, hto K.a3axcKHH pec- nyÖAHKancKHH KOMHTeT npo<})coio3a (6. npeAceAaTeAb T. PiepHOB) CAaÖO pyKOBOAHT copeBHOBaHHeM.
Xlo -CHX nop BO MHOrHX aBT0X03HHCTBaX He AHKBH- ÄHpoBaHa nopoHHan -npaKTHKa -noAM-eHbi jkh-boh h h h- HHaTHBbi Ma-cc sapaHee saroTOBAeHHMM tck-ctom h h a h- BHAyaAbHbix o6H3aTeAbCTB, pa3AaBaeMbix ä a h 3anoAHe- HHH H nOAHHCaHHH COpeBHyfOlHHM-CH paÖOHHM H CAy-
>KailI,HM.
BoAbmeBH-cTCKaa n a p r a n , b b a h k h h Ct s a h h ho-c t o h h- HO nOÄHepKHBaiOT, HTO O'CHOBHOe B COpeBHO-BaHHH 3to ero Mac-coBocTb h uiHpoK aa rAacHOCTb. ToAbKO npn 3 TOM yCAOBHH XOpOIHHH npHMCp, BaJKHblH HOHHH npnoôpeTaioT orpoM H yio MO-6HAH3iyiomyio cHAy.
HeAonycTHMO, KorAa htoth coAHaAHCTHqecKoro co- peBHOBaHHH nOÄBOÄHTCH C 0n03Ä3HHeM npOTHB y-CTa- HOBAeHHbix cpoKOB, KorAa BpyqeHHe nepexoAHinHX KpaCHblX 3H3MeH H BblASHa npeMHH npeAnpKHTHHM- noóeAHTeAHM npoH3BOAHTCH HecBoeBpeMßHHO.
B xoAe counaAHCTHHecKoro copeBHOBaHHH bo3h h k a h p33AHHHbie 4)OpMbI TAa-CHOCTH H yHeTa: BHTpHHbl npo- H3B0ACTBeHHbix H0Ka3aTeAeH, AOCKH h KHHTH noqeTa, AHpeBbie
cqeia
sko ho m h h.B
aBTOKOAOHHeN° 7
aBTO- 6a3bi JMb 1 YnpaBAeHHH rpya o B oro aBTOTpaH-cnopTa MocropHcnoAKOMa Bce mo(})epbi 3HaioT pe3yAbTaTbiCBOefl paÖOTbl 3 a MHHyBHIHH ACHb. TaKOH nopHAOK 6blJI ycTaHOBAeH b aBTOKOAOHHe eure b öbiTHocTb HaqaAb- HHKOM KOAOHHbi AaypeaTa Ctsah h cko h npeMH«
B. C. KopeHKOBa.
H o e c T b , K co>KaAeHHK), H e M a A o n p H M e p o B toi'O, KOTAa AO'CKH n o K a 3 a T e A e ft bhcht ny-CTbiMH, aockh n o - q e T a He oöhobahkdtch ro A a M H . T an , b B opoH e JK C K o M a B T O T pe cT e C o io 3 3 a ro T T p a H c a H a 18 3btoxo3hhctb HMeeTCH OAH-a K H H ra n o q e T a , K O T o p a n k TO My m e x p a - HHTCH b Ka-öHHeTe y n p a B A H io m e r o T p e cT O M , h o ö o 3 p e - s a T b ee M o r y T A H U ib p a ó o T H H K H T p e c T a , Aa npH -esHcaio- m n e no A e A a M c A y n c ß b i c o rp y A H H K H 3btoxo3hhctb. F lo CAeAHHH p a 3 B K H H ry ô b lA H BH eceH bi H M eH a 24 uio4)e-
p o B e m e 5 H o a ö p fl 1949 r.
H a a B T O T paH -cnopTe c K aJKAbiM toaom ® ce 6 o A b H ie e pa-cn p o cT p aH -e H H e n p H H H M a e T ABH>KeHHe u io (})e p oB ^ sa yA A H H e H H e lííe jK p e M O H T H b ix n p o ö e r o B 3bto m o6ha€H h 3 a K O M n A e K C H yio sko ho m hio -cpeA-cTB h sK -cn A ya T a u H o H H b ix M a T e p n a A O B .
B
H acT O sm ree B p e M H b a B T 0 X 0 3 H ii' CT-Bax, o ß c A iy jK H B a e M b ix n p o t})'C o io 3 0 M p a ö o q n x aBTO' T p a H -c n o p T a , cop-eBH yeTC H 3 a B b ico K H e M e * p e M 0 H T H b ie n p o ö e r a -okoao n oA O B H H bi ’ m o c fie p o B . n p H c y jK A e H H ® Ctbah h cko h n p e M H H m o tjje p a M t t. T m o B y , ra A H H O B Y H C a B K H H y H H a q a A b H H K y aBTOKOAOHHbl T. K o p e H K O B > ' AOÖh b h ih m c h B b iA a io m H x c H p e3 yA b T a T O B b s K c n A y a T a UHH a-BTOMOÖHAeH, CnOCOÖCTBOBaAO HOBOMy n o A t e ^ copeB H O B aH H H H a a B T O T paH -cnopTe.B -CHCTeMe MHHHCTep-CTB a-B TO Tp a HOHO p T3 C0103Hb^
pecnyÖAHK H3 Me-cnna b Me-CHH pacTCT hh-cao aßToxo- 3HHCTB, B KOTOpblX B COpeBHOBaHHe BOBAeHeHU BC6 XH°^
(j)epbi, a HHJKeHepHO-TexHHHecKHe paöoTHHKH H3yqaW^
h BHeApnioT nepeAOBbie m c t o a h paôoTbi ąKTHBH^
noMoraH mo4)epaM-xo3pacqeTHHKaM BbinoAHHTb cßOt COHHaAHCTHHeCKHe 06H3aTeAbCTBa.
B Cohhh-ckom aBTOTpaHcnopTHOM ynpaBAeHHH 6oJ¡^
m an qa-CTb uioc})epoB y x ie -HaMHoro nepeBbinoAHHJ^
HopMbi Me>KpeMOHTHoro npo-öera, ocTaAbHbie
k 3aBepuieHHK) cboihx 0ÖH3aTeAbCTB. ÜAaH 1950 r. ^ BbinoAHeH 3Aecb Ha 2 Mecnua paHbme o p o na ; Ha HOMAeHHOM 6eH3HHe 3BT0X03HHCTB0 OTpaÖOTaAO W * b
Me-CHH. -.0.
B 1951 r. CoHHH-CKoe « B T o y n p a ß A e H H e TaKJKe AO ^ BaeTCH Bbi-COKHX TexHHK0-3K0H0MHHecKHX noKa3aTeA^^
TaK, nHTHMecHHHbiH nA3H 6u a nepeBbinoAHett ^ 10,8% , ceße-CTOHMO-CTb cHHmeHa npoTHB nAaHa ^ 15,6% . CoHHH-CKoe aBToynpaBAeHHe öopeTCH 3a 3ßaH aBT0XO3HHCTBa KOAAeKTHBHOH CTaXaHOBCKOH paÖOTbl- ^
B aBTOÖycHbix n a p n a x Mo c k b h ho um m H aTH ^ mo4)epa T. 3apy6H Ha pasBepayAocb COpeBHOBaHHe 500 Tbi-c. k m -npoßera aBToßycoB 3 H C -1 5 5 6es TaAbHoro peMOHTa. Cßbim e 100 ö p n ra A uio<j>epoB, peBHyiomHXCH 3a stot MempeMOHTHbiü n p o öe r, b3 . OÖH3aTeAbCTBO -CSKOHOMHTb HO 120--- 200 TbIC. P_y Ha peMOHTax n o Ka>KAOMy aBToßy-cy, TpH a h h b paßoTaTb Ha -csKOHOMAeHHOM 6eH3HHe, np eB H C H Tb , Mbi n p o öe ra hjhh He Menee qeM b Asa pa3a h
MHTbCH K TOMy, HTOÖbl H3 B-CeM npOTÎDKeHHH HP K03(j)(|)HUHeHT HCnOAb30BaHHH aBTO-ÖyCOB 6bIA HC H
0,9.
naTpHOTHTOCKoe H am m am ie mockobckhx aBTOôyc- HiHKOB CyjIHT OrpOMHWH BKOHOMHqeCKHH 3({)(J)eKT.U lo ijie p b i 1-ro JIcH H iirpa a c koto TaKcoMOTopHoro nap-
^3 TT. A p xa p o B , M a c jio B , O pjioB h HßanoB, noAcqHTab CBOH B03M0JKH0CTH, peiUHAH A0B6CTH npOÔer aBTOMO- ÖHjieö
TA3-M-20
« rioô e A a» ao 320 t h c. k m 6e3 KanH- TajIbHOTO peMO'HTa, CSKOHOMHTb Ha peMOHTHX no K a * - ÄOMy aBTOMOÖHjiio 42,8 Tbic. pyö. h 3a cneT coKpamemiH npocToeB aBTOMoßnjien b TeKym nx, cpeAHiix h Kann- T ajibH ux peMOHTax AonoJiHHTeJibHO OTpäßoTaTb 84 a h h. riOHHH MO'CKBHHefi H AeHHHTpaAHeB HMeeT 'ÔOJIbmoe BapOAH0X03H»CTBe,HHO6 3HaqeHHe. là O P boa 3a BbICOKHe MencpeMOHTHbie n p o ô e rn y h h x opraHiiqecKH yBH3aHa c SKOHOMHen b pacxoAOBaHHH 6eH3HHa, aBTOHiHH h 3a- TpaT Ha peMOHTH, a rjia B iro e — c noBbimeHHeM kosi})- ÎJHHHeHTOB HCn0JIb30BaHHH aBTOMOÔHAH, pO'CTOM Bbipa- 0OTKH TpancnopTHOH npoAyKm iH Ha 1 k m npoôera.H3BecTHO, HTo eme b anpejie 1941 r. BBeAeno npe- MHpOBaHHe HIO(J)epOB H peMOHTHHX paÔOHHX 3a AO- CTHTHyTyiO HMH 3KOHOMHK) 3aTpaT Ha peMOHTbl
% o 6 b i HMerb oc hoba HH h AAH BbinAaTbi npeMHH, b aB- T0X03HÍíCTBe AOAJKeH 6 HT b nOCTaBAeH yqeT 3aTpaT no KaJKAOMy aBTOMOÔHAK). 0aH3K0 HaXOAHTCH pyKOBOA'MTe-
•3H, KOTopbie npeneôperaioT s t h m. B pe3yAbraTe raKoro OTHomeHHH K AeJiy bHoBropoACKoM aBTOTpecTe (ynpaB- JiHiomHH T. HenaxHH), KypcKOM (ynpaBAHiomnñ t. rio - rpe ß u o B ), yAbHHOBCKOM (ynpaBAHKmjHH t. JXo m h h h) , MnHycHHCKOH
ATK
(HanajibHHK t. FIa o t h h k o b) b co- PeBHOBaHiHH 3a BbicoKHe MejKpeMOHTHbie npoôera 3b to- WoôHAen yqacTByeT KpaËHe HeaHaqHTeAbHoe hhcjio*HO(})epOB.
CTaxaHOBHbi aBTOTpaHonopTa ctpsm htch cAenaTb c b o ë
°nbiT AocTOHHHeM Been Maccbi mocpepoB. Elo hx h h h- UflaTHBe B03HHKAO MHOTO Cj)OpM TOBapHUieCKOH B3 3HMO- noMomn. IIIoijjepbi-HOBaTOpbi hhthiot a c k h h h b CTaxa- hobckhx iHKOAax, ôepyT me^cTBO HaA OTCïarouiHMH,
^ y n a iO T MeTOAaM CBoeft paôoTbi A p y rn x m o^epoB . WcKAiotmTejibHO BejiHKO 3HaneHHe MeTOAa HH*eHepa KoBajieBa no H3yqemno, oôoômeHHio h BHeApeHHio ne- PeAOBbix npneMOB paôoTbi. B 1-m JlenHHrpaACKOM aBTo6ycHOM napKe HHJKeHepuo-TexHHqecKHe paôoTHHKH 3yqiWH npneMbi paôoTbi luoijiepoB t t. CTonnpona, yssi3eBa, CKOMopoxoBa, M a x a n n o B a h A p y ra x no yxo - sa aBTOôycoM h ero bohcachhio c HaHMeHbiuHMH aTPaTaMH 6eH3HHa.
Ha
ocHOBe oôoômeHHbix MaTepna-^ ° B HaÔAHDAenHH paapaôoTaHbi HHCTpyKUHOHHbie Kap-
^bI, KOTopbie 6biAH oôcyjKAeHbi Ha TexHHqecKOM coBe- e napKa h BHeApeHbi b jKH3Hb.
nocAeAHee BpeMH naipe d a n n co3biBaTbcn
ropÓA-
^ He, oÔAacTHbie h pecnyÔAHKancKHe coBemaHHH x O<^®P0B H HHJKeHepHO-TeXHHqeCKHX paÔOTHHKOB 3BT0-
^°35îftcTB. CpaBHHTeAbHO HeASBHO THKHe COBeiHaHHH
^POBeAeBbi b Tô h a h c h, EpeBane, K p a cn o n a pe , Bopone- AHAHmaHe, CriMipeponoAe, HpocnaBAe, KumnneBe.
KH»OJILUIOe 3HaI,eHHe HMeKDT CTaxaHOBCKHe «BTOpiIH-
■ ycTpaHBaeMbie npn aKTHBHOM yqacTHH oônacTHbix 6o eT' OnHcaHHe b r a3eTax h 6p o m io p a x MeTOAOB pa- Tt>i hob acopo B OKa3biBaeT HeoneuHMyio y c A y ry AeAy acnpocTpaneHHH nepeAOBoro onwTa.
I *
TocyAapcTBeHHbiH nnaH pa3BHTHH HapoAHoro xo3hh- CTBa Ha 1951 r. cthbht nepeA MHHHCTepcTBaMH aBTO- TpaHcnopTa cok>3h h x pecnyôAHK HOBbie, OTBeTCTBeHHbie 3aAaqn: yBeAHqnTb oôneM nepeB030K naccajKiipoB h rpy30B, CHH3HTb CeÔeCTOHMOCTb, OÔecneqHTb sko ho mhio MaTepnanoB, TonAHBa, SAeKTposHeprHH, noBbicHTb KyAb- T ypy HpOH3BOACTBa.
C
yqeTOM nocTaBAeHHbix nepeA aBTorpaHcnopTOM 3aAaq B L IC n C h MHHHCTepcTBa yTBepAHAH ycAOBim COHHaAHCTHqeCKOrO COpeBHOBaHHH aBTOTpaH'CnopTHblX X03HHCTB, 33BOÄOB H MaCTepCKHX. 3tH yCAOBHH Tpe- CyioT eine ßÖAbmero pocTa n po H3 boah Te ahhocth Tpyna, CTpororo coôAioAeHHH pejKHMa s ko h o m h h, CHiHjKemiH ceÔecTOHMocTH h yAyquieHHH KaqecTBa b h non Hue moh paÔOTbl.HoBblM B yCAOBHHX COHHaAHCTHqeCKOrO COpeBHOBa
HHH HBAHeTOH H TO, HTO B CHCTeMe MHHHCTepcTBa aBTOTpancnopTa
PCOCP
ohh BnepBbie pacnpocTpaHe- Hu Ha aBTOTpeCTbi. yTBepjKAeHbi TaKHîe HOBbie ycAOBHH COHHaAHCTHqeCKOrO copeBHOBaHim CpnraA, yqacTKOB h p a ô o q H x no npoijiecceHM.n o A A e p jK a B noHHH KonneKTHBOB 2-ro Mockobckoto
aBTOpeMOHTHOrO 3aBOAa, naBAOBCKOH aBTOKOAOHHbl
JV» 110, CepnyxoBCKoro 3aBOAa 6ch30koaohok, 1-h aB To6a3bi ynpaB A eH H H rp y s o B o ro aBTOTpa ncn opT a M o cro p H cn o A K O M a h A p y r n x nepeAOBbix npeAnpHHTHH, n o c T a B H B m H x c e ô e u e A b ro aoôhtbch b 1951 r. k o a- AeKTHBHOH CTaxaHOBCKOH paÔOTbl, KOAAerHH MHHH
CTepcTBa aBTOTpaHcnopra
PCOCP
h npe3HAHyM U K n p o tj)c o io 3 a p a ö oq n x aBTOTpancnopTa yTBepAHAH nOAOHieHHe O npHCBOeHHH 3BaHHH «A'BTOX03HËCTBO h 3 a BOA KOAAeKTHBHOrO CTaxaHOBOKOTO TpyAa», HTO ÔyAeT coAeñcTBOBaTb HOBOMy noAT>eMy COHHaAHCTHqeCKOrO COpeBHOBaHHH.B AeAe 6opb6bi iuo^epoB-CTaxaHOBHeB 3a aocthjkc- HH6 IBblCOKHX MOKpeMOHTHblX npOÔeTOB OrpOMHOe 3Ha- qeHHe npHo-6peTaeT noHHH KOAAeKTHBa ypaAbCKoro aBTOsaBOAa hmchh CraAiHHa, oßpa-THBiuerocH b Mae ko BCCM aiBTO'CTpOHTeAHM C inp»3bIB0M HaqaTb C0HH3AHCTH- qecKoe copeBHOBaHHe 3a noBbiuienHe npoqHocTH asTo- MOÖHAeä h yBeAeqeHHe b n s a pasa h x rapaHTHHHoro n p o ô e ra . npiirabiB ypaAbneB HameA u ih p o k h h o t ka h k cpeAH aBTOMoÔHAecTpo'HTeAeH, Bopbôa aa noBbimenne npoqHocTH aBTOMOÔHAen b nponecce hx npoH3BOACTBa ÔyAeT onocoÔCTBOBaTb AOCTH*eHHio en;e ö ö abh ih x yone- XOB B COpeBHOBaHHH IHOijjepOB-CTaxaHOBHeB 3a yAAH- HCHHe Me>KpeMOHTHbix npoôeroB aBTOMOÔHAeô.
X03HHCTBeHHbie H HpO(})COI03Hbie pyKOBOAHTCAH npeA
npHHTHH H aBTGX03HHCTB AOAłKHbl OÔeCneHHTb KOHKpeT- Hoe h onepaTHBHoe pyKOBOACTBo coHHaAHCTHqecKHM COpeBHOBaHHeM, CM CAO, no ÔOAMHeBHCTCKH BCKpbIB3H HMeiOIHHeCH B 3 TOM ACAe HeAOCTaTKH. IIInpOKOe pa3- BHTHe COHHaAHCTHqeCKOrO 'COpeBHOBaHHH n03BOAHT 3Iia- qiiTeAbHO yAyqiHHTb paôoTy aBTOMOÔHAbHoro TpaHcnop- Ta, HTO b CB010 oqepeAb ÔyAeT cnocoôcTBOBaTb a s a b- HeHiueMy n o A ^e M y HapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa Hauiefl couna- AH’CTHqeCKOÎl PoAHHbl.
3
3a AaJibHeHuiee pa3BH TH e aBTOTpancnopTHbix ripeanpHHTHH oömero no/ib30BaHHn
A . C y P M H , A. U J y J lb M A H
CoBeTOKHH HapOÄ C OrpOMHOH paÄOCTblO h ro p - ACCTbio 3a cBoe coimaAHCTHqeiCKoe oreqecrBO, 3a cbok) JieHHHCKO-CTaJIHHCKyK) napTHK) BCfpeTHJI COOÖmeHHe rocyaapcTBeHHoro njiaHOBoro KOMHTeTa CCCP h U,eH- TpajibHoro cTaTHCTHqecKoro ynpaßAenHH CCCP 0 6 HTorax BbinojiHeHHH qeTBepToro (nepB oro nocAeBoeH- B oro ) BHTHJieTiHero njiaH a CCCP Ha 1946—1950 r r .
HcTopHqecKHe 3aAaqn, nocTasAeHHbie b c jih k h m bojk- AeM coBexcKoro HapoAa TOBapHnjeM CTajiHHMM b pera na coCpaHHK HBÓHpaTejieft 9 cJieBpajia 1946 r., yenem- Ho BbinoJiHeHbi B roAbi nepBoil nocjieBoeHHoft nHTH
AeTKH.
T'OJIbKO B yCJIOBHHX COHHajIHCTHqeCKOH CH'CTeMbl xo- 3HHCTBa CTajIO B03M0JKHHM .B CTOAb KOpOTIKHH CpOK THKBHAHpOBaTb iHeBHAaHHO THJKejIble nOCAeA'CTBHH BOH- Hbl H ÄOÖHTb'CH M01U,H0r0 nOAteMa 9KOHOMHKH CoBeT- ĆKoro rooyaapcTBa.
BMecTe e pocTOM Bcex oTpaejieft HapOAHoro xo3Hii- CTBa 3 rcÄW nepBOH inocAeBoeHHon nHTHAeTKH npönc- XOÄHJIO ÓHCTpOe BOCCTaHOBJieHHe H p33BHTHe Bcex BH- Aob eouHajiHCTHqecKoro TpanenopTa, ocoßeHHO aBTOMO- ÖHAbHOrO.
Ppy3oo6opoT aBTOTpa.HcnopTa b 1950 r. yB e jiH ra jic a no cpaBneBHto c 1940 r. b 2,3 pa3a. 3to Hepa3pbiBHO cBH3aHO c ö o a m h h m yBejitweHHeM npoH3BOftCTBa Jiyq- hjhx b MHpe coBercKHx aBTOMOÖHJieft, yjiyqmeHHeM BCn0JIb30BaHHH HOABHJKHOrO COCTaBa, pa3!BHTiieM C6TH ßjiaroycTpoeHHbix aBTOMOÖHAbHbix Aopor. 3a 1946—
1950 r r . nocTpoeHO 16 t m c. k m abto moöha b hbix A opor c TBepÄH'M noKpbiTHeM, BBeAeHa b sKcruiyaTauHio aß- TOMOÖHJibHaa MarHCTpajib M ocKBa— CHMtpeponoJib.
CeTb aBTOMOÖHJibHbix A o p o r c yeoBepmeHCTBOBaHHbiM noKpbiTHeM K KOHuy naTHJieTKB è b ijia ß ojibine , qeM ao bohhw b 2,5 pa3a.
B roAbi irocjieBoeHHOH nHTHAeTKH >neH3MepHMO yße- AHHHAocb 3HaqeHHe aBTOTpaH'CnopTa b HapoAHOM xo- SHH'CTBe. Tenepb HeT hh oaho h OTpacAH xo3HÖCTBa, pasBHTHe KOTopoft He öbuio 6h iCBH3aHO c yAyqine- HHeM ee oöcAy>KiiBaHHH aBTOMOÖHAbHbiM TpaHcnopTOM, ycKopHK3m,HM h oÖAerqaiomHM ocymecTBJieHHe npoH3- BOA'CTBeHHblX CBH3eft CO OMeJKHblMH OTpaCAHMH, a TaK- JKe COKpámaiOmHMH ’npOH3BOÄ‘CTBeHHbIH IIHKA B ÄSH- HOH OTpacAH X03HHCTBa. OrpOMHblH pOCT OÖT>eMa Kaj HHTaAbHOrO CTpOHTCAbCTBa B nepBOH HOCAeBOeHHOH nsTTHAeTKe, ocBoeim e npnpoAHbix öoraTCTB b ho bm x p a fto n a x ¿HAO 6 bi BecbMa 3aTpyAHeHO 6e3 MomHoro pa3BHTHH aBTOTpaH'CnopTa.
noBbimeHHe poAii aBTOTpancnopTa b oßm eft skoho- MHAecKOH JKH3HH cTpaHbi conpoBojKAaAOCb yxpyriH e- HHeM äBT0X03HHCTB, nepCBOAOM HX Ha X03HHCTBeHHblH pacqeT, mnpoKHM pa3BHTHeM counaAHCTHneoKoro co- peBHOBaHHH epeAH paÖOTHHKOB aBTOTpancnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHH aa yBeAHneHHe MesKpeMOHTHbix npoöeroB, yAiyqineHHe ncnoAb30BaHHH noABHJKHoro c o c ra ß a h nepeBbinoAHeime rocyAapcTBeHHoro n jia n a nepeB030K.
HaHÖojiee ö h c t p m m h TeMnaMH pa3BHsaACH b HCxeK- ineM nsiTHAeTHH aBTOTpaacnopT o ö m e ro noAbaoBaHHH, cocpeAOTOneHiibiii b aBTOTpancnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHHX MHHHCTepCTB aBTO’MOÖHAbHOrO TpaHCnopTa C0K)3HbIX pecnyÖAHK h npH3BaHHbm oöecnenHBaTb HyjKAbi o p ra - HH3an,HH ti npeAnpHHTHH Bcex MHHHCTepCTB H Be- AOMCTB. Ecah b ueAOM n o CoBexoKOMy CoK)3y rpy3 0 - oöopoT aBTOTpaH'CnopTa yBeAHAHAca b 1950 r. no cpasHenHio c inpeflBoeHHbiM 1940 r. b 2,3 pa3a, to
no MHHHCTepCTB a M aBTOMOÖHAbHOrO TpaHCnopTa C01O3- Hbix pecnyÖAHK rpy3ooöopoT 3a stot * e nepnoA y Be"
ahahach b 3,5 p a 3a.
Ha pnc. 1 npnBeAeHbi noKaaaTeAn pocxa rp,y30BbiX n naccajKnpcKHX nepeBO30K, ocymecTBAHeMbix m h- HHCTepCTBaMH aBTOMOÖHAbHOrO TpaHCnopTa COK)3HblX pecnyÖAHK. y * e b 1947 r. rpy30oööpoT aBTOxosräcTB oöm ero noAb30BaHHH b ABa pa3a npeBbicHA ypoBeub npensoeHHoro 1940 r. n b nocAenyiom eM H3 roAa b roA yBeAHTHBaACH. B 1950 r. aBTOMOÖHAbHblft napK 9 THX npeAnpHHTHH nepeBe3 b Tpn pa3a öoAbm e rpy30B, new b 1940 r. F lpn s t o m cpeAHHH. AaAbHocTb nepeB03KH
0 — — --- --- ---— —1--- m o 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950
Phc. 1. Poct rpy30Bbix h nacca>KHpcKHx nepeB030«
B aBTOX03HHCTBaX MHHHCTepCTB aBTOTpaHCHOpTä C0IO3- H b ix pecnyÖAHK (1940 r. n p H H H T 3a 100% );
1—TOHHO-KHjioMeTpbi; 2— TOHHbi; 3—nacca>KHpbi; 4— naccasinp0' KHJIOMeTpbl.
r p y 3 a 3a r o A b i n o c A e B o e m io H nHT H A eTK H B o a p o c A a Ha 15,5%.
AßTOTpaHcnopT o ö m e ro noAb30B3HHH oöecnemiBaA H6 TOAbKO n0ÄB03 Tpy30B K 5KeAe3HOAOpO>KHHM CT3H' UHHM H npHCTHHHM, OÖCAyJKHBaA HyjKÄbli npoMbimAeH"
HOCTH, CeAbCKOro X03HHCTB3, CTpOHTeAbCTBa B nepeB03"
Ke rpy30B na oraocHTeAbHo HeöoAbinHe paccTOHHiia.
ho oAHOBpeMeHHo HanaA opraHH30BhmaTb paöoTbi no CHHTHK) c >KeAe3Hbix A o p o r iiepauHOHaAbHbix nepeB0 3 0K rpysoB Ha KopoTKHe paccTOHHinn, 'pacumpHA M e *o ö A a ' CTHbie nepeB03KH rpy30B, oßecnenHBaA 3aB03 npoA0 ' B O A bC TB eH H bl X H npOMbllHAeHHblX TOBapOB B OTAeAbHtíe paftoi-ibi, ne HMeiomne meAe3Hbix Aopor. „ H a p flA y c pocTOM 3a t o a h nepßoft nocAeBoeHHO»
nHTHAeTKH KOAHHecTBeHHOro co-CTaBa napKa r p y3 0Bbix aBTOMOÖHAeÜ MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMOÖHAbHOrO TpaHCnOP Ta coio3Hbix pecnyÖAHK, npoHCXOAHA HenpepbiBHbi nponeoc yAyqnieHHH Bcex KaqecTBeHHbix n oK a3aTeAe^
HCnOAb30BaHHH nOABHJKHOrO COCTaBa, o ACM CBHAe"
TeAbCTByeT rpacJiHK, npHBeAeHHbiñ na. pnc. 2.
B aBTOTpancnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHHx o ö m e ro noAb30- BamiH b 1950 r. K03(|><i>HU,HeHT ncnoAb30BaHHH n a p^^
rpy30BbIX HBTOMOÖHAeH nOBbIClIACH na 65,5% n cpaBHeHHK) c 1940 r., a BbipaöoTKa Ha OAH,y cnHCO ' Hyio MaUIBHO-TOHHy B TOHHO-KHAOMeTpaX — Ha 60,0 A>
4
7o 175
5 0 --- ---J____
m o 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950
Puc. 2. Poet
nOKa3aTejieñ n c n o A b s o B a H H H r p y 3 0 B w x aBTOMOÔHJieË B aBT0X03SIHCTBaX MHHHCTepCTB 3BT0- T p a n c n o p ia c o k m h h x p e cn yôjiH K (1940 r. npHHüT3a 1 0 0 % );
/ —Ko3(j)({)KIÍHeHT IICnOJIb30BaHHH rpy30BbIX aBTOMOÖHJiefi; 2 — Bbl- PaôoTKa Ha onny cnHconnyio MaimiHo-TOHHV b ron btohho-kh- JiOMeTpax; 3 BbipaGoTKa Ha o/[Hy cniicoHHyio Ma ai HHO-TöHHy b ron B TOHHax; 4—cpenHecyTOHHbifi npoôer rpy30Boro aBTOMOSHjia.
H B TOHHax Ha 38,2% . 3to a a jio B03M0>KH0eTb npn pocTe K 1950 r. epeAHeenHcoHHoro cocTaßa 3bto m o6h-
•'left npHMepHo oAHHaxoBofi rp y 30 noAT^e mhocth b a b a Pa3a no OTHomemno k 1940 r. yBeJiiiHHTb rpy30ofiopoT 3a 3T0T x e nepiiOA, Kax y¡<a3biBaAocb Bbime, B 3,5 pa3a.
Poe Tb KanecTBeHHbix noKa3aTejieñ »cnoÁb30BaHHfi noABHJKHoro cocTaßa HMeji ß ojibinoe 3HaneHne ä a h PasBHTHH nacca>KHpcKHx nepeBO30K. B 1950 r. k o a h-
^ecTBo nepeBe3eHHbix n a c c a x u p o B b aBToßycax yseAH- 'iHAocb Ha 78,5% no epaBHeHHio c 1940 r., n p n pocTe cPeAHecnHcoHHono n a p x a aBToßyeoB (paB noft BMecTH- üiocth) TO.abKo Ha 2 3% .
Kai< H3BecTHO, naeca*H pcKO M y aBTOTpancnopTy 6bM PaHeceH^ 3a t o a u OTenecTBeHHOH bohhm ocofieHHO
°0,TbLHOH iypOH. XloCTaTOHHO CKa3aTb, HTO b 1945 r.
aBTOTpaucnopTHbie n p e A n p n im ia oß m e ro noAb30BaHHH Hmçah TOAbKo 27% aBToßycoB AOBoeHHorö na p xa.
IJ PHneM h 3to t n a p x TpeßoBaA HeoTAoxHbix paßoT no er° peMOHTy h BoccTaHOBjieHHK). B nocAeAyiOHiHe ro - 5 bI aBTOTpancnopTHbie npeAnpHsiTHH 6h a h nonojmeHU OOAbUIHM KOAHH6CTBOM HOBblX KOM(jx)pTaÓeAbHMX aBTO-
“ yeoB, HTo n a n o BO3M0XHocTb opraHH30BaTb o ß c A y x n - 3HH0 HaceAeHHH aBToÖycHHM TpancnopTOM k 1950 r.
B 459 rop o A ax C C C P .
O ölpee XOAHHeCTBO aBTOßycOB, HaXOAHBlHHXCH B 3KC- JiyaTauHH b 1950 r., npesbiciiAO AOBoeuHbiö ypoßeHb.
AHaico oßcjiyxH BaH H e HaceAeHHH naccaxHpoKHMH SîOMOÔHAbHblMIl nepeBOBXaMH 3HalIHTejIbHO yAiyHIHH- oeb b nepByro onepeAb ßAaroA apn pesxoM y yAyqm e- B iK> _HcriOAb30BaHHH n a p x a aBToßyeoB h noBumeHHio ipaßoTKH Ha KaJKAbifl aBToßyc, o neM CBHAeTeAb- ByiOT KpH'Bbie, XipHBeAe'HHbie Ha puc. 3.
u4h h m h3 BajKHbix MeponpHHTHH no yAynmeHHio oß-
^ ‘yjKHBaHHH HaeejieHHH aBtomo6h abHbim h nepeB03xaMH HAocb BoccTanoBAeHHe h pa3BHTH6 rpy3 0 B oro « Aer- H Boro. TaKcoMOTopnoro TpaHcnopTa b xp a n x , ofin a cT a x Bq Pecn y6A ifK ax Coio3a. Ecah b ¡nepBue to am nocjie- Cc c d0 0 n^TH'BeTKH, Aaa<e b KpynHeftm nx ropoA ax ÖblAO KpaHHe HeAOCTaTOHHOe KOAHH6CTBO TaKCO- f'on ^ ° B’ TO B nocjIeÄyioin,He roAbi n a p x TaxeoMOTopoB llan^ H H A e a TbICHHaMH HOBblX aBTOMOÖHAefi pa3AHHHbIX Tipp K'» ® T0 ^aAO B03MOJKHOCTb B 1950 r. HaMHOTO ypoßeHb npeABoeBHoro 1940 r. no MacniTa-
■ OÖCAyjKHBaHHH HaceAe'HHH AerKOBbIMH H rpy30BbI- TaK'COMOTOpaMH.
ag üO'CAGAHHe roAbi n e p iio ft nocAeBoeHHOH naTHAerKH Tpa'IMTeJIbHO y Be<BBHHAacb poAb n accaÄ H pcK oro aBTo- H Hcnopxa b npnropoAHOM cooßmeHHH, a raK Ä S luh-
poKo pa3BepnyA0Cb peryA apnoe Me>KAyropoAHoe a b h- JKenne aBToöyeoB h AerKOBbix TaxcoMOTopoB. Cbim e 1700 MapmpyTOB oßm eö npoTHaceHHOCTbio öoAee 115 Tbie. k m oßcAyxHßaiOTeH aBToßycaMH asTOTpaHc- IIOpTHblX npeAnpHHTHH MHHH'CTepCTB aBTOMOÖHAbHOrO TpaHcnopTa coio3Hbix pecnyßAHX. C 1950 r . Ha b b c- AeHHOH b 3KcnAyaTanm o aBTOMarncTpaa h M o cxB a — CHMiflepOnOAb, OÖOpyAOBaHHOH BCeMH HeOÖXOÄHMbIMH cpeACTBaMH, HanaAocb ABHiKenne aBToßycoB h A e rxo - Bbix TaxcoM'OTopoB na AHHHH M o c x B a — CxMcfieponoAb, a Taxjxe na M apm pyTax M o cxB a — TyAa, M o cxB a — OpeA, M o cxB a — XapbKOB, K y p c x — TyAa, X apbxoB — CiiM(f>eponoAb H1 A p y riix .
PaSBHTIie äBTOX03HHCTB 06lH er0 nOAb30BaHHH H yAynmeHHe noxa3aTeAeft hx paöoTbi mojkho Hoxa3aTb Ha npHMepe paßoTbi 3btoxo3hhctb MHHncTepcTBa aBTOMOÖHAbnoro TpaHcnopTa P C O C P .
ABTOTpaHcnopTHHKH PoccHHcxoö OenepauHH B KO- pOTKHH epox C nOMOIAblO BCeH CTpaHbl He TOAbKO AOCTHTAH no o ß beM y nepeBO30K AOBoeHHOro ypoBHH, ho H 3HaxHTeAbHO HpeB30HiAH ero. y>xe b 1945 r.
rpy3ooß opoT aBTOTpaacnopTa o ß m e ro noAbaoBaHHH MHHHCTepCTBa aBTOMoßHAbHOrO TpaHcnopTa P C O C P npeB3omeA ypoßeHb AOBoeHHoro 1940 r. na 10%, a b 1950 r . ßoAee, neM b TpH paäa.
r0
Phc. 3. Poct n o K a 3 aTeaeH HcnoAb30BanHH aBTOßycoB
no
aBTOX03SIHCTBaM MHHHCTepCTB äBTOTpaHCHOpTäcok)3h h x pecriyßAHK (1940 r . npHHHT 3a 100% );
/ —K03tp4)HLjiieHT HCnojib30BaHHii napKa aBTOöycoß; 2— BbipaöoTKa Ha OAHO cnncoHHoe MauiHHo-MecTo baBTOÖyce bto ä b naccaHcw-
po-KHJioMeTpax.
ABTOMOßFAbHUH TpaHCnOpT Ofiw,erO n0Ab30BaHHH oß- CAy>KHBaeT b
nepeyra
onepeAb HyjKAH pa3BepHyßmero- CH b orpoM Hbix M acm raßax CTpoHTeAbCTBa counaAbHo- xyAbTypHbix yqpeJKAeHHH, xoMMyHaAbHbix « npoMbiui- AeHHbix npennpHHTHH, oßecnenHBaeT nepeB03KH toh- AHBa AAH HJKOA, ßOAbHHU, ßaHb, rOCTHHHU, H Ap.yAeAbHbift Bec pa3AHHHMX BHAOB rpy30B b oßineM KOAHnecTBe rpy30B, nepeBe3eHHbix aBTOTpaHcnoprabiMH npeAnpHHTHHMH MHHHCTepCTBa aBTOMoßHAbHOrO TpaHc
nopTa
PCOCP,
npeACTaBAeH b npopenTax b TaßA. 1.T a
6 ahu, a 1
CTpOH- TejibHbie MaTe- pHajibi
OCO s c o f—'
npoM bim - JieHHbie TOBapbl
1O co O
OX Oh
<D cn
<V o S g 3
“ • a C u Hroro 43 ,2 17,1 9 ,5 6 ,0 4 ,4 19,8 100,0
OnHOBpeMeHHO c pocTOM rpy30B bix nepeB030K y jiy ii- m a jio c b H3 roma b rop, o6cJiy>KHBaHHe HacejieHHa
PC<t>CP
naccajKHpcKHMH nepeB03KaMH. 3aKOHOMo
n a- THJieraeM im a n e BoccTaHOBjieHHa h paasHTHa HapoAHO-ro
xo3HHCTBaPC<1>CP
Ha1946— 1950 rr.
n p e n ycM a rp n - Bajiocb AOBecTH K1950 r.
KOAHnecTBO ropOAOB, HMero-max jierKOBbie TaKcoMorqpbi,
ao150. OaximaecacH
b 1950 r. T3KHX ropoAOB 6buio 207.
¿HHaMHxa pocTa oö-beMa naecajKHpcKHx nepeB03oK h ofie/ryKHBaHHH HaceaeHHH TaKcoMOTopaMH bPC<I>CP npeACTaBAeHa b TaÖA. 2 (1940 r. npHHHT 3a 100).
T a ö ah u, a 2
noKa3aTe.TH
1949
r.1945
r.1946
r.1947
r.1948
r.1949 r. 1950
r.jfIepeBe3eHo naccaacHpoB b aßToöycax
100,0 16,7 63,0 87,7 109,8 140,0 183,4
flaaTHbiH n p oö er aerKOBbix TaKCOMO-66,7 131,5
TOpOB . . . • ...
100,0 3,1 8,9 19,0 32,4
T lAäTHbiH
n p o ö e rrpy30Bbix
TaKco-119,0 130,0 137,2 144,5
MOTOpOB ...
109,0 1,3 66,0
CAeAyeT OTMeTHTb, hto pocT oö-beMa rpy30Bbix h naccajKHpcKHx nepeB030K b b b t o t pancnopt h m x npeA
npHHTHHX MHHHCTepCTBa aBTOMOÖHAbHOTO TpaHCIIOpTa
PC<ÍCP
npoHcxoAHA He to ałko3a
ctct nonoAHeHHH HOBbIM nOAB H ACH H M COCTaBOM, HO B 3HaHHTeJIbHOH Mepe b pe3yjibTaTe noBbimeuHa Bcex KaaecTBeHHbix noKaaaTeAeñ HcnoAb30BaHHH TpaHcnopTa.Tax,
b 1950 r.Hc no a b30ß a HH a TiapKa rpy30BMx aBTOMo- ÓHAefi yBeAHHHAca no cpaBHeHHio c 1940 r. Ha 55,5%, aBTOÓycoB Ha 70%, a ceßerroHMOCTb OAHOro tohho- KHAOMeTpa fCHHSHAacb npOTHiB ypoBHa 1940 r. (b ue- Hax cooTBeTCTByiomHX AeT) H a 12%.
Ha
pne. 4 npHBeAeHu noKa3aTejiH yjiyqmeHHH hc- HOAb30BaHHH rpy30B oro H nacca>KHpcKoro aBTOTpanc-Phc. 4. Poct noKa3aTeaeft HcnoAb30BaHHH aBTOMöÖHAb- Horo napxa no aBT,oxo3HHCTBaM MnnucTepcTBa aBTO-
TpaHcnopia
PC<PCP (1940
r. npHHHT 3a100°/o):
1_K03$(iJHuaeHT Hcnojib30BaHHa napKa rpy30Bbix aBTOMo6H.aeft;
2_Bbipa6oTKa Ha oa»y cnacoiHyio MauiHHo-TOHHy rpy30Boro aB-ro- MOfJHJlH B TOHHO-KHJlOMeTpax; 3 — ceÖeCTOHMOCTb OAHOro TOHHO- KHiioMeTpa (b peHax cooTBeTCTByroinnx jie r ) ; 4 —Kos(})(j>imHeHT nc- nojib30BaHHa napita aBToßycoB; 5—BbipaSoTKa Ha oshocrmcOHHoe
ManiHHo-MecTO aBTOÖyca (b naccaiKiipo-KHJioMeTpax).
nopTa b aBTOTpaucnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHHX MnHHCTep- CTßa aBTOMOÖHAbHoro TpaacnopTa
PC<I>CP
3a roAbi nepBoft nocjießoeHHoft nHTHAeTKH.B
pe3yAbTaTe lyAymneHHH o c h o b h hx KanecTBeHHbix noKa3aTeJieñ SKcnAyaTamiH aBroTpancnopTa b aBTO- x o3HHCTBax o ö m e ro noAb30BaHHH MHHHCTepCTBa aBTO- MOÖHAbHoro TpaHcnopTaPCOCP
A o e ra ra yT a Bbico«aa peHTaßeAbHOCTb. 3a 1948 r. na KaxtAbifi cnHcoHHHH aBTOMOÖHAb ö m ao noAyneHO 21 Tbic. pyö. HaKonaeHHÜ, a b 1950 r. — 26,3 t h c. pyö.HecMOTpn Ha to, hto b paöoTe aBTOTpaHcnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHÜ o ö m e ro noAb30BaHHH MHHHCTepCTBa aB- TOMOÖHJibHoro TpaHcnopTa
PCOCP
b HCTemneM tihth- jieTHH ö h a h xpynH bie HeAocTaTKH b opraHH3anHH siicnAyaTauHH aBTOMoßHAbHoro n a p x a , orpHuaTejibHO CKa3aBmHecH Ha ypoBHe KanecTBeHHbix noKa3aTeJieß HCnOAb30BaHH3 nOABHJKHOTO COCTÜBa, COnOCTaBAeHHß pe3yjibTaTOB paöoTbi aBToxo3H»cTB o ö m e ro noAb30Ba- HHH C BeAOM'CTBeHHbIM aBTOTpaHCnopTOM CBHAeTeAb"CTByeT o neocnopHM bix npeHM,yn;ecTBax nepßbix.
flaH H bie noKa3HBaiOT, hto Bbipaßorea oahoto cnH- COHHOrO TpeXTOHHOrO aBTOMOÖHJIH B aBTOTpaHcnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHHX oöm ero noAb30B3HHH MHHHCTepCTBa aB- TOMoÖHAbHoro TpaHcnopTa
PCOCP
npeBbimaAa ypo- BeHb, AOCTHmyTblH BeAOMCTBeHHblM aBTOTpaHCnopTOM(b epeAHeM
¡no CCCP)
no KOJiHHecTBy n e p e ß e 3 eHHbix rpy30B b TOHiiax b 1947 r. — Ha 31%, b 1948 r. — Ha 24% H cooTBeTCTBeHHO no oÖT>eMy TpaHcnopraonnpo-
AyKHHH B TOHHO-KHJlOMeTpax — Ha 73 H 82% . npH 9ToM npoöer aBTOMOÖHJieft c rpy30M b aBTOTpaHcnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHHX oöm ero nojiB30BaHHH öbia Ha 15 °/o B b irn e noJie3Horo npoöera aBTOMOÖHAeft b BeAOMCTBeH- HblX HBTOX03HHCTBaX, a CeÖeCTOH MOCTb. HH *e b 1947 r.
na 28% h b 1948 r. Ha 32,9% ‘ .
B nocAeAyromne roAbi yKa3aHHbiH paspas cyme- CTBeHHO He H3MeHHJTCH.
yAynmeHHe Hcnoiib30BaHHH o c h o b h hx cpencTB b aB- TorpaHcnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHHX oömero nojib30BaHiifl
b nepB-oe nocAeßoeHHoe HHTHAerae ö h a o nenocpeA"
ctbchho cBH3ano c ympenACHHeM MaTepHaAbHO-TexHHne- CKOH Öa3bl MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMOÖHAbHOFO TpaHcnopTa C0K)3Hbix pecnyÖAHK, ynopnAoneHHeM Beeil CHCTeMW TeXHHHeCKOrO OÖCAySCHBaHHH H peMOHTa nOÄBHJKHOrO
cocTaBa. „
BaAOBan npoAyKHHH npoMbimAeHHbix npeAnpHHTHH MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMOÖHAbHOrO TpaHCnOpTa COK)3HblX pecnyÖAHK B03pocAa b 1950 r. (b conocTaBHMbix ue- nax) öoaee neM b Asa pa3a no cpaBHeH«io c 1940 r., a mpoH3BOACTBo KanHTaAbHoro peMOHTa aBTOMOÖHAeH Ha a B T o p e M O H T H H x 3 a B O A a x o ö m e r o n o A b 3 0 B a H H H — Ha 40%. BbinycK ra p a jK H O -p e M o H T H o r o ö o p y A O B a n H H s a B o a a iv iH T p e c T a
TAPO
yßeAH HH AC H3
nH TH AeTH e b r p H p a 3 a , a peM O HT aKKyM yA H T o po B ^ h peM O H T H O -3apH A H bIX CTaHU,HHX
PC<5CP
B03pOC B 19t>0 na -33% no c p a B H e H H io c 1940 r.B A e c H T K a x r o p o a o B B o ccT a H O B A e H H h n o c T p o e H r a p a jK H h a B T opeM O H T H bie M a c T e p c K H e , o p r a H H 3 0 BaH ueöoAbmne craHUHH TeximnecKoro oócAyjKHBamiH
peM O HTa aBTOMOÖHAeH. B aBT0XO3HHCTBaX oöme
n o A b 3 0 B 3 H H H p a 3 B e p H y A H C b paöoTbi n o c o s a a H H
--- o.
1
C
m.
ÄypHaA «AßTOMoöHAb» JMa 9, 1949 r., ctp-6
Mo6h h x h xoporno ocHameHHbix boctob oßcAyxcHBaHUH, flajom nx 'B03M05KH0CTb HeTKO 0praHH30BaTb TeXHMe- CKoe oöcjiyjKHBaHHe aBTOMOÖHJieft. B o MHorax aBTO- X03H»cTBax no npoeKTaM LJH H H A T nocTpoeHbi KaHa- Bbi mupoKoro rana, naMHoro o6jierqaromHe xpyA peMOHTHbix paßonax h cnocoöcTByioinHe noBbimeHHio Kagecraa oßcAyjKHBaHHH noABHJKHoro cocTaBa.
llo jio J K H T e J ib H y io p o j i b B y A y q m e H H H T e x H H q e c K o ro OÖ'CJiyjKHBaHHH aiBTOMOÖHJleH B H C T eK IIieM nHTHAeTHH cbirpajio pa3pa6oTaHHoe b 1947 r. h 3aTeM AonoAHeH- Hoe Ha ocHOBe npaKTHKB paßoTbi nepeAOBbix xo3hbctb
«rtojIOHíeHHe O TeXHHTCCKOM OÖCJiyjKHBaHHH H peMOHTe aBTOMoßHjiefl» MiHHHCTepcTBa aBTorpaHcnapTa PC<t>CP,
•npHEHTOe 3a ÖCHOBy pHAOM MHHHCTepCTB H BCAOMCTB.
B roflbi nepBoñ nocjieBoeHHoñ naTHJieTKH b mnpoKHx MacuiTaßax pa3BepHyjiocb couHaJiHCTHqecKoe copeBHO- ßaHHe CpeflH paßOTHHKOB aBT0XO3HHCTB 3a AOCpOHHOe BbinojiHeHHe naTHJieTHero miaHa, sa yJiyqmeHiHe Honojib- aoßaHHH aiBTOMoßHAeü, yAJiHHeHHe MempeMOHTHoro ¡npo- ßera noABHXCHoro cocTaBa ao CTa, AByxcoT h fiojiee TbICHq KHJIOMBTpOB. 3HaHHTeAbHOe KOJIHHCCTBO IHOIpe- Po b, npuHHBmHx Ha ceßa ofismaTeAbCTBa no nepeßbi- nojiHeHHK) HopM Mex<peMOHTHbix npoßeroB, ycnemHO SbinojiHHjiH h x, oßecneqHB yjiyqm eHHe Hcnojib30BaHHH OCHOBHbJX H OßopOTHblX CpeftCTB B aBTOTpaHCHOpTHblX npeAnpHHTiHHx, coxpameHHe p a cxo aa sKcnJiyaTauHOH- Hbix MaTepnaJiOB, sko ho m hio AeHextHbix cpeACTB h Ma- TepnajibH bix pecypcoB.
JT y q iH H e a i o a h aBT0X03HHCTB o f i m e r o n o A b 3 0 B a H H H — -
«OBaTOpbl npOH3BOACTBa TT. ThTOB, rajIHHOB, KopeHKOB
« CaBKHH 3 a KO peH H ble yC O BepnieHC TBO BaH H H MeTOAOB 3 K c n jiy a T a u .H H a B T O M o ß H jie fl, yaocToeHbi G ra A H H C K o ñ n p e M H H 3 a 1 9 5 0 r .
B pe3yjibTaTe iim p o K o pa3BepHyBHieroca a b h j k c h h h
ßa BbicoBiie n p oßern aBTOMoßiHJieü « noBbiineHne Kane-
«TBa hx TexHHqecKoro oßcAyxMBaHiHH ih ipeMOHTa, b P e 3 y jib T a ie yjiyq m e H tm coctohhhh Aopom Hoft ccth b
•CTpaae, b aBTOxo33ÜCTBax o ß m e ro nojibaoBaHH« Mihhh- CTepcTBa aBTOMoßiuibHoro TipaHcnopTa PC<PCP a o c th t- HyTo 3Haq«Tejib»oe yBeAnnepHe Mex<ipeMOHTHbix npofie- r OB aBTOMOÖHJieH .no CpaBHeHHK) C yCTaHOBJieHHbIMiH HqpMaMH. B 1950 r. MexipeMOHTHbiü n p o ß e r no aBTO- WoßHJiHM T A 3 -M M npeBbiinaji na 35%, a no 3bto m o- ö h jih m 3H C -5 Ha 36,2% cfiaKTHnecKHe MempeMOHTHbie Ppoßerm 3a 1940 r. ,ZT«HaMHKa p o c ra MexcpeMOHTHbix npoßeroB BpysoBbix aBTOMOÖHJieft 3a 1946—1950 r r .
Tbic. k m) npeACTaBJieHa b Taßji. 3.
T a ß j i H n a 3
M apna
SBTOMOßHAH 1940 r. 1946 r. 1947 r. 1948 r. 1949 r. 1950 r.
T A 3 - M M 48,87 25,58 33,40 46,83 61,34 63,35 3 H C -5 57,64 36,86 44,39 54,43 65,46 78,61
A najiH 3 HToroB paßoTbi aBTOTpaHcnopTHbix n peA npna- THÄ o ß m e ro nOJIb30BaHHH MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMOÖHJIbHO- r ° TpaHcnopTa coio3Hbix pecnyßjiHK BCKpbmaeT ßojib- pe3epBM yjiynmeHHH Hcnojib30BaHH-H noABHxcHoro
^C T a B a, pocTa rpy30B bix h naecaxiHpcKHx nepeB030K.
otom 'GBHAeTeJibCTByeT TO, hto cpeAHHe noKa3aTe-
JIIi paßoTbi
aBTonapKa MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMoßHJibnoroTPaHenopTa coro3Hbix pecnyßjiHK Ha 40—50%
HHxce^K a sa T e a e H , AOCTurHyTbix nepenoBbiMH aBTOTpaHC- HppTHbiMM npeAnpiHHTHHMiH o ß m e ro noaibsoBaaiHH.
*lpaKTHKa
paßoT biaBToßa3
YnpaBJieHHH rpy3 0 B oro^BToTpaHcnopTa MocroppcnojiKOMa
hpafla mpyrax ne-
PöflOBblX aBTOX03HÖCTB — OHeBHAHÓe AOK33aTeJIbCTBOnpeHMymecTBa KpynHbix aBTOX033HCTB oß m e ro n o jib -
30B3HIHH, HMeiOmiIX ©OSMOXiHOCTb HaMHOTO JiyHme HC- nojib30BaTb napK aBTOMoßHJieft, pe3KO coxpaTHTb ceße- CTOHMOCTb nepeB03OK H
TeM CaMbIMCSKOHOMIHTb ÄJIH HyjKA HapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa MHAAHapAbi pyßjiefi.
n e p B e ñ a ia a aaAana MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMoßHAbHoro TpaHonopTa eoio3Hbix pecnyßAHK coctoht b to m, htoOm TmaTeAbHo oßoßmHTb onbiT nepeAOBbix aBTOTpaHenopT- h h x npeAnpHHTHH h cAexaTb e ro AOCTOHHHeM Bcex aB- TOX03HHCTB oßmerO HOA b 30 B 3 H H H.
H e jIb 3 H M HpHTbCH C TeM , HTO B p H A e aB T0 X 0 3H H C rB pyKO BO A HTeAH He 3aHiHMaK)TCsi o p ra H H 3 a n .H e ft T p a n c - n o p T H o r o n p o n e c c a , o rp a H H E H B a n e b p a c n p e A e A e H H e M a B T O M o ß H A e ö n o n o T p e ß H T e A H M . 3t h m b n e p ß y io o n e - p e A b MOJKHO O ßBHC H HTb TO, HTO 3 3 1946—1950 TT. nO a B T O T p a H c n o p T H b iM n p e A n p u H T H H M o ß m e r o n o A b 3 0 B a - HHH B H ejIO M OymeCTBeHHO HS y A y q m H A e H K03(j)(j)HII.HeHT H o n o A b 3 0 B a H H H n p o ß e r a a B T O M o ß H A e ft, e m e B e jiH K w n p o cT O H n o A B H J K H o ro c o c T a B a n o A n o r p y 3 K o f t h p a 3 - r p y 3 K o f i. B o m hothx a B T O x o 3 s ü c T B a x o ß m e r o n o A b 3 o - BaHHH aBTOMOßHAH HCnOAb3yK)TCH B O Ä H y c M e H y , B CBH3H c q eM T eM n p o c T a B b ip a ß o T K H T p a H c n o p T H o ñ n p O Ä yK H H H H a p a ß O T a ro m H H aBTOM O ßHAb OTCTaeT 0 T pO'CTa B b ip a ß O T K H Ha OAHH CnHCOHHblH aBTOMO ßHAb.
HMeioTCH eme Tanne aBTOX03HHCTBa, rAe
«e
pa3Bep- HyTa ßoAbmeBHCTCKaH ßopbßa 3a KOMHJieKCHyio okoho- m h k) sKcnAyaTapHOHHbix MaTepnaxoB, 3a nepeBbiHOAHe- HHe rocyAapcTBeHHbix nAaHOB ße3 noAyqeHHH AonoA- HHTeAbHWx MaTepHaAbHbix peeypeoB o t rocyAapCTBa, sa yBeAHqemie MempeMOHTHbix npoßeroB aBTOMoßHAeö.JlHK¡BHAaiI.HH nepeHHCAeHHblX H pH A3 ApyrHX HeAOCTaT- kob no3BOAHT aBTOTpaHcnopTHbiM npeAnpHHTHHM oßm e- ro noAb30BaHHH 3HaqHTeAbHO yfieAHHHTb oß-beM rp y 3 o - b m x h naocaJKHpcKHx nepeB030K, ,yAyqmHTb o ß c x y x m - BaHire HapoAHoro xo3HÖCTBa h HaceAeHHH
CCCP
aBTOMOßHAbHMMTpaHCnOpTOM.
B
MocKBe, JTeHHHrpaAe h A p y rn x ro p o a a xPCOCP
b HacTonmee BpeMH pa3BepTbmaeTCH paßoTa no neHT- paAH30BaHHoñ nepeB03Ke MaccoBbix rpy30B aBTOMo ßHAbHbIM TpaHCnOpTOM oßmeTO HOAb30BaHHH. F loA yro - AOBoft onbiT aBTOX03HHCTB Y npaBA ^iH H rpy30B oro aB- TOTpaHcnopTa M ocropncnoAKO M a no neHTpaAH30BaHHoü nepeB03i<e KHpnHHa yßeAHTeAbHO AOKA3ax HapoAHOxo- 3HHCTBeHHyK) 3HaHHM0CTb 3TOTO MepOnpHHTHH. B,a)Ke n p n HaAlHHHH CymeCTBeHHblX HeAOCTaTKOB B 3 TOM Ae-
Ae
(cAaßoe «cnoAb30BaHHenpimenoB,
MaAoe koahhoctbo iKOHTCHHepoB, nAoxoe cocTOHHiHe n o A te sA H b ix nyTeñ hnorpy30-pa3rpy30H H bix nAomaAOK Ha KepnHHHbix 3aBo- A ax IH CTpOIHTeAbHblX oßbCKTax) nOTpeßH OC Tb B nOABHJK- hom cocTaße
npiH
iíeHnpaAiH30BaHHoñ nepe&03Ke KHipnana OoKpaTHAacb b 2,5 pasa, mpocTOH aBTOMoßHAei noAno-
rpy3K oñ h p a3rpy3K ofi — ßoxee neM b 2 pa3a, Bbipa- ßOTKa Ha OAHH aBTOMOßHAb B03pocAa B 2,4 pa3a, co- KpaTHAacb nOTpeßHOCTb b rpysHHKax h areHTax Ha 1150 neA. n o caMbiM c k p o m h h m noAcneiaM pac- xoAH CTpoHTeAbHbix opraHH3auHH Ha nepeB03Ky KHp- nnqa coKpaTHAHeb He MeHee neM Ha 25%.OßcAeAOBaHHe, npoH3BeAeHHoe U ,H H H A To m, nona3a- AO, HTO p33BHTHe UeHTpaAH30BaHHbIX nepeB030K KHp- niHna b
JTeHHHrpaAe
h HeTbipHaAuaTHApyrnx
KpynHbix rop o A axPCOCP oßecnenHT
3HanHTeAbHoe coKpameHHe TpaHCnOpTHblX paCXOAOB H n03B0AHT BHCBOßOAHTb COTHH a B T O M o ß llA e H .nepeAOBOH
o n t i TaBTOTpaHcnopTHbix
npeAnpiiHTHÖ Mockbhi h JleHHHrpaAa bopraHH3au,HH
neHTpaAH30BaH-Hbix nepeB030K
M a c c o B b ixrpy30B AOAmeH
H aftra m np o -KOe
npHMeHeHHeBO
BCeXaBTOX03HHCTBaX
MHHHCTepCTB aBTOMoßHAbHoro TpaHcnopxa coro3Hbix pecnyßAHK. I I Ih-poKoe pa3BepTbiBaHHe neHTpaAH
30BaHHbix nepeB030K
bKpanx, o ß A a c ra x h pecnyßAHKax ßyAeT h o b h m a o k b- 3a TeAbCTBom orpoM H bix npeHMymecTB KpynHbix aBTO
TpaHcnopTHbix npeAnpHHTHÖ
oßmero
noAb30BaHHH.7
riOBblCHM HaAOKHOCTb H AOJirOBeHHOCTb
a B T O M O Ó H J i e ñ K. U lT y K A T y P O B B HacToamee BpeMH HaniH aBT03aB0Hbi ocnaiueHU
nepeaoBoñ TexBHKoñ, pacnojiaraiO T HayqKO-HccAeAOoa- TejIbCKHMH JiaCopaTOpiIHMH, HMeiOT TajiaHTJlHBblX H OnblT- HblX KOHCTpyKTOpOB, TeXHOAOTOB H HOBaTOpOB npOH3- BOACTBa. 3pejiocTb ñam en aBTOMotíHJibHÓñ npoMbmuieH- hocth HarjiHAHO HJUiiocTpHpyeTCH co3aaimeM b HeSbiBajio KopoTKHH cpoK nepBOKAaecHoro aBTOMOÓHJia 3 H M .
Ho aBTOMOÓHJibHaa npoMbiniJieHHOCTb yfleJineT HeAO- CTaTOAHO BHHM3HHH nOBbimeHHIO HaflejKHO-CTH H ROJITO- BeaHOCTH aBTOMoóHJieñ. rapaHTHHHbiñ npofier aBTOMO- óHjieft, BbrnycKaeMbix b H a c T o n m e e B peM H , T a K o ñ * e , k3k h m oh >6bul ao BOHHbi, h onpeaejiaeTCH rO C T o M 1940 r. b 25 th c. k m.
B HHCTpyKHHHX MOCKOBCKOTO H ypajIbCKOrO aBT03a- boaob HMeHH CTajiHHa yKa3aHO, ato «rapaHTHH He pacnpoeTpaHHKiTca na ecTecTBeHHbiñ h3hoc AeTaAeñ».
3to npoTHBopeaHT 3ApaBOMy CMbicjiy h TpefioBaHHHM T O C T a , Tan Kan SojibiiiHBCTBO aeTajieñ aBTOMOÓHJia BblXOAHT H3 CTpCH HMeHHO B peayAbTaTe «eCTeCTBeHHO- ro H3Hoca». T a x a a ycTaHOBKa CBH^eTejibCTByeTo cxpeM- JleHHH paÓOTHHKOB aBTO3a®OA0B CHHTb C Ce6a OTBeT- CTBeHHO'CTb 3a KaqecTBo Bbiny-cKaeMoñ npo^yKUHH.
HenmaHHH aBTOMofiHjieft y p a ji3 H C , npooe/;eHHbie Ha 3aBo^e, h HcnbiTaHHH aBTOMOÓHAeñ 3HC-150, ocy- mecTBjieHHbie b H H H H A T e , inoKa3ajiH, ato aBTOMOÓH- jih He BbiAepjKHBaiOT stoto MHHHMajibHoro ra- paHTHHHoro npoóera. Tan, HanpHMep, npn »cnbiTaHHH A B y x aBTOMOÓHJieft y p a ji3 H C b 1949—1950 ir . y o a- Horo aBTOMofiHJia nopiHHeBbie KOAbua 6m ah 3aMeHeHbi nocae npoCera 13 226 k m, a y A pyroro nocjie 17 300 k m. KpOMe nopniHeBbix Kojieu, nocjié npoóera MeHee 25 T b ic. km ó b ijio 3aMeHeHO HecKOJibKo KJianaHHbix npyJKHH, ABe nojiyocH, Ase xopM03Hbie koaoakh, abs BeAOMbix AHCKa cuenaeraa, KpecTOBBHa AH<|)c¡)epeHi],Há- A a , uiKBopeHb noBopoTHoro KyjiaKa, xpo cu cnHAOMeT- pa, 33MKH 33}KHraHHH, 4 peC'COpbl, BTyAKH, naAbHbl H ApyrHe ASTaAH.
SK’CnAyaTaHHOHHHKH H paÓOTHHKH aBTOaaBOAOB CMH- pHAHCb C 3THMH HeAO'CTaTKaMH aBTOMOÓHAeñ. B 3BTO- xG3HH'CTBax 3a nepnoA rapaHTHHHoro cpoKa 3aMeHHíOT AGT3AH B aBTOMOÓHAHX, He npeA'bHBAHH peKAaMaiUlft.
MaTepHaAbi HcnbiTaHnñ, a TaKxe o h h t sKcnayaTa- HHH aBTOMOÍHAeñ CBHAexeAbCTByiOT O TOM, ATO HX MexcpeMOHTHue npoósrH c h k h o io t c h BCAeACTBMe HepaB- HonpoAHocTH AeTaAeñ h arperaroB.
K p o M e T o ro , A e T a a a O A ñ o ro a T o r o * e H aH M eH O Ba- h h h n a cT O tíb iB a iO T H eoAH HaKo-BbiM H n o K a n e e T B y , b CBH3H e n e M e p o K h x C A y x tó b i K O jie ó jie T c a b 6 o A b - ih h x n p e A e A a x . 3to a iB A a e T ca p e 3 yA b T a T O M H e c ó Ó A io - AeH H H TeXHOAOrHAeCKOH AH C U H nAH H bl. A B TO 33BO AbI H M 6K)T BC6 B03M0JKH0CTH nOBbICHTb H3AO>KHOCTb H
H3HOCOyCTOHAHBO'CTb AeTaAGH aBT0M06HA6H 063 OC06blX 3aTpaT h TeM caMbiM yBeAHAHTb rapaHTHHHbiñ n p o fier aBTOMOÓHAeÉ.
B H a m e ñ c T p a H e , r A e npoH3BOACTBO a S K c n A y a T a - hhh aBTOMoéHAeñ HaxoAHTca b p y x a x ' rocyAapcTBa, H e A e c o o 6 p a s H O ctpohtb M aKCH M aAbHO H a A e * H b ie H AOAroBeanbie 3btomo6hah. r ip n yTBepjKAeHHH F O C T o » Ha HOBbie aiBTOMOÓHAH H eo6xO AH M O BBeCTH ra p a H T H H "
H bie H o p M b i n p o f í e r a He M e n e e qeM 50 th c. k m. H a p a A y c paciHHpeHHeM nayqHO-HCCAeAOBaTeAbCKHX h 3RcnepHMeHTaAbHbix pafioT n o inoBbimeHHio npoaHO- cth aBTOMofiiHAeñ h noBepxHOCTHOro ynpoaeHHa AeTa- Aeñ, H3AO CMeAee, h pemHTeAbnee BHeApaTb b npoH3- boactbo yate ocBoeHHyro HOByro TexHHKy, KaK, iíanpH - Mep, TBepAoa h nopHCToe xpoMHpoaaHHe, ApúfiecTpyñ"
Hyio h nAacTHAeeKyio oOpaóoTKy AeraAeñ, 3axaAKy h x TOKOM BblCOKOH AaCTOTbl, BCTaBHble THAb3bI UHAHHApOB, saKaAKy hjhahhapob h pHA A p y rn x mctoaob, ik>3bo- A H rom H x! nO BH C H Tb npOAHOCTb H H 3 HO‘CO y C TO'H A H B O C T b A e T a A e ñ , y3 A O B h aBTO M O 0H Aa b ueA O M .
HaAO noBecra 6o p b6 y npoTtiB kochocth iHeKOTOpbix KOHCTpyKTOpOB H TeXHOAOTOB, He paÓOTaiOIHHX Haa noBbimeHHeM HaAe*HOCTH aBTOMoOnAeñ n ocae nycna hx b MaceoBoe npoH3BOACTBO. HeofixoAHiMO yKpenHTb TexHOAorHAecKyio AHCHHnAHay Ha npoH3BOACTBe h no~ KOHAHTb c npaKTHKOH npHMeHeHHa 3aMeHHTeAeñ OCHOB"
h h x h BcnoMoraTeAbHbix MaTepnaAOB. HyjKHO npenpa"
THTb HapymeHHH
TOCTa,
HMeroujero c«Ay 3aKOH3 h aBA aiom eroca o a h h m H3 moh;h h x cpeACTB oeym e"CTBAeHHH TexHHAecKoñ noAHTHKH Harnero rocyAapcTBa.
B Mae KOAAeKTHB ypaAbCKOrO a B T 0 3 3 B 0 A a HMeHH CTaAHHa B3HA Ha ee6a o6H3areAbCTBo — BABoe \yA^ ' H H T b A O A rO B e A H O C T b BHnyeKaeMbix 3BT O M o fíH A e ñ . Abto- 3aBOAUU o6a3aAHCb ao Konna roA a AOBecra rapaH - T H H H b ift n p o ó e r aBTOMoÓHAeñ a o 35 t h c. k m.
FlaTpH O TH AeC KH H IIOAHH yp a A b C K H X aBTO M O fiH Ae- C T p oH T e A e ñ H a m e A ro p a A H ñ ot-k a h k cpeAH KOAAeKTH- BOB A p y r n x aiBT03aB0'A0B.
Ha
FopbKOBCKOM aBT033B0Ae HMeHH MoAOTOBa co- CTOHAOCb COBemaHHe KOHCTpyKTOpOB, paCOTHHKOB 3KC- nepHMeHTaAbHoro itexa u .HcnbiTaTeAeñ aBTOMOÓHAeH,- Ha KOTOpOM ofilCiyHCAaACH npH3bIB ypaAbHeB. KoHCTpyK"TOpbl 3a¡BOAa 3HHBHAH, ATO MOJBHO H HyjKHO npOAAHTb cpoK CAy>KÓu aBTOMOÓHAeñ. CeñAac BHeADHioTCír B npOH3BOACTBO yAyAmeHHbie KOHCTpyKHHH p a 3AHAHblX y3AOB h AeTaAeñ aBTO'MOÓHAH
TA3-51
h AyAfflHe cnO!Co6bI HX H3rOTOBAeHHH.
HeoCxoAHM O pa3B epH yTb 6 o p b 6 y 3 a qecTb 3aB O #' CKoñ MapKH. K aJK A biñ aB T033B0A b Ó A H íK añm ee BpeM®
AOAHCeH A aTb CTpaHe AOArOBeAHblH, H3H0C0yCT0HAHBbIlt aBTOMO0HAb c rapaHTHHHbiM n p o S e ro M He hh/KO 50 TbIC. KM.
s
3 K O H O M M K A M O P r A H M 3 A H ,M 5 I
- = n P O H 3 B O A C T B A = = = -
K oM ru ie K C H b ie ó p H ra A b i n o T exH H necK O M y o 6 cjiy> K H B aH H io h T eK yiJueM y peM O H Ty
B 3 BT0 X0 3 flfiC T B 6
HHMceuepu C. TJETPyXMH u E. 3 M H M H
ynpaeAenue zpy3oeozo aemompancnopma MoczopucnojtKOMa
K o M iu ie R C H b ie ó p a r a ^ H p a f i o r a x n o T e x H H n e e x o M y O S cjiyjK H B a H H IO H T e X y ip C M y p e M O H T y aBTOMOßHJieH SbijiH opraHH30BaHbi b aBT0X03a»CTBax ynpaBjieHHH r P y 3 0 iB o ro a o T O T p a H c n o p T a M o c r o p n c n o jiK O M a b r o « w ßejiHKOH OTenecTBeHHofi b o h h h.
rto c jie TinaTejibHoro H3yqeiiHH onbiTa pafioTM sth x 6 PHraÄ b je ftcT B yio m e e nojioxceHne o h h x 6m jih BHe- c6Hbi ÄonojiHeHHH. B 1949 r. nojiojxeHHe ßbuio o ko h-
^aTejibHO ÄopaöoTaHo h npHK330M ynpaBjieHHH b m ä- PeHO BO Bee X03HHCTBa.
KoMnjieRCHbie ßpnraAbi b aoTOxosaftcTBax c kojih-
^ ctbom 250— 350 aBTOMo6i«ieñ opraHrayioTCH OTAejib- Ho ääh exeAHeBHOro yxo/ta h TexHHqecxoro oßcjiiyjKH- BafWa JVb 1 (ocymecTBJiaeMoro no noToqHOMy npHH- yHny) h OTÄejibHO ä a h TexHHqecxoro oßcjiyxHBaHHa
2 u TeKymero p e M O H T a .
B KOMnjieKCHbie ß p n ra A b i a a h Bbinojm enna paßoT no
®^<ej.HeBHOMy yxOAy n rexHHqecxoM y oöcjiyjKHBaHHio ' s 1 b xo ah t paßoqne cjie A yro m nx npoijieecHH (npHMep- Haa HHCJieHHOCTb n x ycTaHOBjieHa /y in x p y n n o n aBTO- Sa3bi): xpH cjiecapn-MOHTajKHHKa, o a h h peryjrapoBiÚHK,
°'5hh BjieKTpHK, «Bä MOHuiHKa-yßopniHKa, o a h h ß a ji-
■aoHipHK, OÄHH-ABa cMaaqnKa, o ä h h 3anpaBinHK Macjia H o ähh ino^ep-neperoHHiHK.
B p u r a n u BbinojiHHiOT paßoTbi no exeAHeBHOMy
-VxoAy
H TexHHnecKOMy oßcjiy>KHBa,HHio Ns 1 no lyrBep-^AeHHOMy rpa(})HKy b MesccMeHHoe BpeMa nocjie bo3- BPameHHH aBTOMOßHJIH C JIHHHH B rapajK . OT-BeTCTBeH-
"hiM 3a nocTaHOBKy aBTOMoßHjieö b Texm inecxoe oócji.yjKHiBaHHe Ns 1 HBjiaeTca HaqajibHHK rapasxa.
PyKOBOÄCTBo paßoTofi KOMnjieKCHbix ß p n ra A H OT- BeTCTBeHHO'CTb 3a xaqecrBO H BbinojiHeHHe m ojinoro '-’P'beMa paßoT no e*eÄHeBHOMy yxOAy h rexHHqecxoMy oß'Cjxy>HHBaHHio Ns 1 B03JiaraeTca Ha HaqajibHHXa npo- VlIJiaKTOpHH.
O njiaTa Tpyna paßoqnx stoh KOMnjieKCHoft ßpnraAbi
^ CTaHaBjiHBaeTCH CAeAbHaa, no xasKAoft npotJjeocHH
° TAejIbHOCTH, »CXOAH H3 yTBep»CÄ©HHbIX HOpM Bbipa-
ßoTKH h pacneHOK 3a BbinojmeHHe exceAHeBHoro yxoA3 H TeXHHTOCKOrO OßcjiyJKHiBaHHH JSfo 1.
KoMnjieKCHbie ß pnraA bi ajih BbinoAHeHHa paßoT no TGXEH^öCKOMy oö'CJiy>KHBaHHio Ns 2 u Texym eM y pe
MOHTy opraHHsyioTCH b Kaamoñ a btokojiohh e h3 pa- 6ohhx cjieayaam ax npotjjeecHH: cjiecapeH-MOHTajKHMKOB, peryAHpOBmHKOB, SJIöKTPHKOB, Ky30BHJHK0B H -CMa3TO- KOB. B ßpnraae äojihaho ó b irtí 10— 12 qejioBeK. Kojih- 'iecTBO p a ß o m x KajKÄOH npotjjeecHH o npe,TejiaeTca h3 pacneTa HopMbi BpeMeHH, ycTaHOBJieHHofi p jin Bbinoji- HeHHH aaHHoü paßorbi.
B TeXHHTOCKOM OßCJiyiKHBaHHH JV» 2 npHHHMaiOT yqacTHe inoifiepbi, 3a KOTopuMH1 3aKpenjieHbi oßcjiyHiH- BaeMbie aBTOMoßHJin.
H a 9Ty KOMinjieKCHyio ß p H ra ^ y ao3JiaraeTca:
а) npoH3BOÄCTBo n o r p a < } ) H K y TexHHnecKoro o ß c jiy - JKHBaHHH Ns 2 C Ä O n O J IH H T e jIb H b IM H p e M O H T H b IM H p a ß o - T3MH no noTpeßHOCTH b ycTaHOBJieHHoe a jih btoto no n jia H y BpeMa;
б) np0H3B0ÄCTB0 Bcex p a ß o r no 3a»BoqHOMy peMOH
Ty, BbinoÄHaeMbix b Me*cMeHHoe BpeMa.
EcJIH aBTOMOßHJIH paßOTaiOT B ÄBe CMeHbl, TO Tex- HHnecKoe oßejiyjKHBaHHe Ns 2 h xemyipHe peMOHTbt npoH3B0ÄaTca Kax b nepßyio, Tax h bo BTOpyio CMeHbi OÄHOH H Toil * e ßpHraaoH, T. e. qacTb paßoqnx ß p n ra - Abi paßoTaeT b nepßyio cMeHy h aacTb — bo BTopyio.
PyKOBOÄCTBo paßoToä KOMnjieKCHOH ßpnraÄ bi Bos.ia- raeTca Ha MexanHKa aBTOKOÄOHHbi.
OnbiT paßoTbi KOMnaexcHbix ß p n ra Ä noKa3aa, qTO 3aKpenjieHHe r p y n n a btomoijhji e h 3 a ßpnraÄOH c b h- noÄHeHHeM -Bcero KOMnjieKca TexHHnecKoro oßcjiyjKHBa- HHH h T e x y ip e ro peMOHTa no3BOÄHeT ycTpaHHTb oße3- ÄHHKy H 3HaHHTeÄbHO nOBbICHTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb paßoqHX H HHSCeHepHO-TeXHHHeCKHX paßOTHHKOB sa KaneCTBO npOH3BOÄHMMX paßoT, HTO ÄOnOÄHHTejIbHO CTHMyÄHpyeTca cncTeMOH o n^aT bi TpyÄa, ycTaHosaeH- Hofl ¡B aBTOxo3aflcTBax ynpaBJieHHa.
O n jia T a 3a TexHHqeoKoe oßcJiyjKHBaHne Ns 2 h Texy- 2 AaToMoßHJib >6 8,
