Avtomobil' : Ežemesâčnyj naučno-proizvodstvennyj žurnal : organ Ministerstva Avtomobil'nogo Transporta RSFSR, 1951.09 nr 9

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4

(7)

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Ö

(8)

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1) noBbiHieHHoft npoHHOCTbio npH paBHonpoqHbix a r- peraTax n y3Jiax;

2) ¡npOCTOH, HeCJIOJKHOH KOHCTpyKUHeñ, in03BOJIHl°- m eü jie r x o ocymecTBjiHTb oßcjiyjKHflaHHe h peMoHf K3K aBTOMoönas b pejioM , Tax h e ro y3jioB h a rp e"

raTOB;

3) xo p o iu eñ npOXOaHMOCTbKJ H MaHeBpeHHOCTbK), ocoöeHHO apa noaaqe 38ä h h m x o a o m;

6

(9)

4) flOCTaTOTHoft flHHaM’OTHOCTbK), n03B0JIHK>me8 npe-

"OAojieBaTb noBbimeHHbie coTipoTHBJieHiiH Ha fíojibm nx no^-teMax, npH Tporanna c MecTa b 3a<5oe Kapbepa, a TaKJKe Inpn ABuxeHHii no HeSjiaroycrpoeHHbiM jiopo- raM.

KpoMe Toro, aiBTOMofiHJiH, pafioTaiomHe na crpoft- Rax, aojijkhh HMeTb pa3jmqHbie cnenHajiH3npoBaHHbie Ky30Ba fljia nepeB03KH MaccoBbix rpy30B (cbinyqnx, WHaKHX, a.lHHHOMepHblX H T. ü.) H ofijiaaaTb pa3JIHq- hoh rpy3onoaT>eMHO-CTbio.

E'CJIH npH3HaTb CTpaBHJIbHblMH TpefíoBaHHH, npHBe- aeHHwe Bbtme, to cjieayeT CKa3aTb, hto Hama aBTOMO-

AbtomO'6hjih HOBbix MoaeJieft eme He jmmeHbi o r- aejibHbix HeaocTaTKOB, MemaromHX BRciuiyaTauHOHHH-

«aM yjiyquiaTb paóoTy a btomoóhji BHoro TpaHcnopTa H CHHJKaTb CTOHMOCTb nepeB030K, a TeM CaMblM no- woraTb cTpoHTejiHM tíbi-CTpo CTpoHTb npeAnpHHTHH

« coopyxeHHs c HanMeHbHiHMH 3aTparaMH.

B aBTOXOSHH'CTBaX MHHHCTep'CTBa CTpOHTeJIbCTBa npeanpHHTHH, rrHKejioH HHAycTpnH npoBOAHTCH chctc- MaTHqecKHe HaójnoaeHHH 3a paóoToB hobmx Moaejieñ aBTOMo6H.aeH Ha CTpoHTejibHbix njiomaaKax. H a 6jno«e-

«hh BeayTCü b pa3Hbix KJiHMaraqecKHx h aopojkhhx ycjioBHHX, npa 9TOM yqnTHBaiOTCH ocotíeHHOCTH opra-

’HH3aiiHH aBTorpaHcnopTHbix npeflnpHHTHíí h ocyme- CTBjineMbie hmh nepeB03KH.

B pe3yjibTaTe upoBeAeHHbix HaSjnoaeHHH y aBTOMO- 5njieB BbiHBjieH pna. HeAocTaTKOB. Tan, y aBTOMOÓHJieS 3 H C -15 0 h 3H C -585 oÓHapyjKeHbi:

HeaocTaToqHaa npoqHOCTb paM, ocoSeBHO y aBTOMO- Cnjieñ 3H C -585 (ocjiafíjieHHe 3aKJienoK Bcex nooepe- 'íh h, TpemHHbi b npoftOJibHbix fíajiKax h Aaxe iiojiom- Ka h x);

H esocT aT oqua n HHTe,TiCHBHOCTb oxAajKAeHHH H3-3a a e y ^ a q H o ro pacnojiOJKeHHH BeHTHJiHTopa, qTO npHBOflHT K n e p e fp e s y A B H raTejiH jie r o M ; fib ic T p b iñ b h x o a H3

«expon cajibH H K a KOJieHqa-roro B a jía , TeKCTOJiHTOBoft ín a ñ fib i BO flH H oro n a c o c a , noAiuHHHHKa KOJieHqa-roro sajiia (aeTajib 60205), BenqHKa MaxoBHKa a neKOTopbix ApiyrHx neTajieñ ABHraTeAH;

npejKaeBpeMeHHbiH hshoc 3y6beB KapeTKH 2-8 h 3-8 'Hepenaq, HapyjKHoro noAiHHniiHKa nepBHqHoro Bajía, 3yCbeB mecTepHH 3-8 nepeAaqn, npoMé>KyToqHoro Bajía, SüJiHp <j)jiaHua BTopHqnoro Bajía, iiij ih h (JuiaHiia Beay-

^íeñ mecTepiHH, nojiyoceñ; qacTaa nojioMKa jihctob ne- peflHeñ peccopbi;

THKejioe pyjieeoe ynpaBjieHHe, HenpoqHoe KpenjieHHe PyjieBoH kojiohkh k KaÓHHe, SbfCTpoe pa3pyineHHe py- -fleBoro «ojieca;

HeaocTaToqHaa HaaeJKHOCTb pafíoTbi 9JieKTpoo6op¡yao-

^shhh: pa3pymeHne KpbiuiKH pacnpeflejinxeJiH, oSropai- KOHTaKTOB h cropaim e oCmotkh cpeAHeB KaTyuiKH Pejie-peryjiHTOpa, cropaHHe peocTaTa KaTyuiKH 3ajKH- ra«Ba, njioxoe KaqecTBO hsojihuhh cBeqeS, npeacaeBpe-

^fiHHbiH H3HOC mapHKOBOro nofliHHnHHKa pacnpeiiejiH- Teji¡i.

AbtomoQhjih

MA3-205

HMeiOT ejieayiom ne Heao- CTaTKii:

npejKAeBpeMeHHO H3HauiHBarciTCH cajibHHKH b o a h h o h n o M nbi, o6pa3yioTC H T pem uH bi b ro jio B K e ó jio n a u h- JiHHupoB y K JianaH H bix rn e 3 A , ó b icT po n p o ro p a iO T nopiH H H, JIOMaiOTCH KOpOMbICJia H TOJIKaTejIH KJianaHOB, n e p e rp e B a e rc H A B H ra T e jib b jieTH ee B peM íi;

q a d o JIOMaiOTCH nepeAHHe p e c c o p b i h C T yn H a u nepe«H H x KOJiec;

p y jie B o e ynpaBJieH H e T H K e jio e ;

OTcyTCTByeT MecTO AJiH KpénjieH HH 3 a n a c H o ro KOJie- c a , a TaKiKe xpaHeHHH np H cn o co S jie H H ñ h HHCTpyMeH- ra , npeAHa3H aqeH H bix a j ih CMeHbi KOJiec b n y r a .

y aBTOMOÓHJIÍT TA3-93 nOHBJIHIOTCH TpemHHbl B n p o - AOJIbHblX C ajIK aX paM bl, HaÓJIIOAaeTCH fiblC Tpblft H3HOC CK0Jib3Hmeñ mecTepHH 3 - 8 h 4 -h n e p e a a q , caTejijiHTOB h KOHHqecKHx m ecTepeH n o jiy o c e ñ .

HenoHHTHO, n o q e M y « o c h x n o p KOHCTpyKTopw aBTO- M oÓHjieñ n p eH eóp era iO T t b k h m BajKHbiM B onp ocoM , k j k o fio rp e B KaÓHHbi m ocjiepa 3h m o h. H e n o p o r n e h He c jio x H b ie n o y cT p o ñ cT B y OTomiTeJibHbie n p n ó o p b i, óecnJiaTHas TenJiOBan S H epra a, HMeromaHCH Ha aBTO- M oÓHjie (ro p n q a H B oaa H3 CHCTeMbi o x j i3>k a c h h h) , n03BOJIHIOT BbmyCKaTb aBTOMOÓHJIH C yTenjieHHbIM H KaCHHaMH.

C jie a y e T takiKe opraH H 30B aTb ce p n ñ H b iñ B binycK aB- TO M oóH jieS-caM ocBajiO B c o6orpeBO M K y30B a B b ix jio n - H biM » ra 3aM H , h to coBepmeHHO HeoóxoAHMO np H n e p e - B03KaX ÓeTOHOB H pacTB opoB B 3HMHee BpeMH.

H a p H A y C yCTpOHCTBOM OTOnjleHHH Heo6xOAHMO y jiy q iH H T b CHCTeMy BeHTHJIHUHH H TepM0H3OJIHU,HH Ka- 6h h h a j ih p a ó o T b i b jieTH ee BpeMH.

B nejIH X nOBbimeHHH npOH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTH 3BT0M0- fin jie ñ , p a 6 o T a io m ,H X Ha cTpoHTeAbHbix nA O ina A K ax, BecbMa Ba>KHO noBMCHTb h x AHHaMHqecKHe KaqecTBa (ycK opeH H e n p n pa3TOHe, THroBbie v c h a h h) nyT eM yB e- AHqeHHH ne p e A a T o q H o ro q n cA a rAaBHOñ n e p e A a q n ,

a

TaK>Ke nepecM O Tpa yciaH O B H B m eftcH TpaAHUHH b b b i- 6 o p e nepeA aToqH M X q n ceA k o p o6k h n e p e A a q . CHH KeH He MaKCHMaAbHOH CKOpOCTH aBTOMOÓHAfl He yMeHblHHT e ro npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH.

BBeAeHHeM b KOHCTpyKnmo 3aA H ero MOCTa ycT p o S - c t b ü a j ih ÓAOKHpoBKH no Jiyo ceS h npHMeHeHHeM UIHH H H 3K 0rd AaBAeHHH MOJKHO 3HaqHTejIbHO nOBbICHTb npOXOAHMOCTb rp y3 0 B b IX aBTOMoftHAeH.

n p H C03AaHHH aBTOMOÓHAeñ H3AO CTpeMHTbCH I< HaH- S o A b in e a npocTOTe KOHCTpyKUHii h oóecneq eH H io H a n ó o - jie e A e rK o ro A o cT yn a k y3A aM h a rp e ra T a M n p n h x oócayjKH B aH H H h peMOHTe. O A H aK o s to ne B c e ra a y q a - THBaeTCH.

Tax,

H anpH M ep, y 3b t o m o6h a h

TA3-51

pe - ryA H p o B K a KAanaHOB HeB03M0JKHa 6e3 c h h t h h K pbM a.

^IpeSBbiqañHO Ba>KHbIM B onp ocoM AAH CTpOHTeAbHOH npOMblIHAeHHOCTH HBAHeTCH C03A3HHe cnenH aA bH bix Ky- 30B0B B BHAe UIICTepH AAH nepeB03KH JKHAKOCTeH h nbM eBH AH bix rp y 3 0 B , caM onorpy3qH K O B a a h KOHTeñ- HepH bix rp y 3 0 B h p a 3 A iiq H b ix THnoB caMOCBaAOB.

7

(10)

KpoM e Toro, Ha KpynHbix CTpoñxax

c

ycnexoM m o- ry T npHMeHHTbCH caMOCBajibHbie n p nnenbi h n o n y n p n - Henbi óojibiH oñ rpy3onoA"beMHOCTH (10— 40 t) .

r ip a ÄOCTaBKe 6eTOHa k MecTy yxnaÄXH ß oöbiHHbix aBTOMO'ÖHJiax-caMOCBajiax nponcxoÄHT paecnoeHHe ero cocTaBHbix nacTen: meÖHH, necxa h pacTBopa c BH>xy- mHMH ÄOÖaBKaMH. KpoM e Toro, npH ÄBHHteHHH no nnoxnM aoporaM nacTb 6eTOHa TepneTCH, Tax x a x OTaeJiHBiiiHH'CH pacTBop BbinjiecKHBaeTCH M3 Ky30ßa.

noaTOMy CTpoHTejiHM Hyncen cneuHajibHbiñ aBTO- M06HJIb-6eT0H0B03 C BpaipaiOmeH’CH IIHCTepHOH.

B

CBH3H C ßypHbIM pOCTOM* CTpOHTejIbCTBa B

CCCP

Ha3pejia HeoóxonnMocTb b eo3aaHHn 3a®oaa cneunajib- Hbix aBTOMOÓHJieñ Ha 6a3e macen aBTOMoßnnen Mac- coBoro BbinycKa. H3roTOBneHne oneuHanbHbix xy30B0B aBTOMOÖHJieö o u a M H BeaoMCTB, c rocyaapcTBeHHOH

to hxh 3peHHH, HepeHTaßenbHO.

Bonwnoe 3HaneHHe ääh CTponrenbHon npoMumjieH- HOCTH HMeeT rpy3onoa"beMHOCTb aBTOMOÖHJieä. y * e ceftnac b qnene aeMnepoHHbix MauiHH HMeiOTCH oxcxa- BaTOpbl, eMKOCTb KOBIUeH KOTOpblX KOJieÖJieTCH OT 0,25 äo 4 M3. rpyaoiKWbeMHocTb cymeeTByromHx aBTO- MoßHJieö MaccoBoro BbinycKa TaxoBa, hto ä ä h norpy3- KH Ha HHx rpyHTa, nopoau nnn pa3jmnHbix MaTepna- jioB b xapbepax Henb3H H'Cnojib30'BaTb Hanßojiee Mom- Hbie H3 HHX H, CJieÄOBaTejIbHO, ÖOJiee npOH3BOÄHTejIb- Hbie SKCKaBaTopbi (o t 2,5 ä o 4 m3) .

H 3 onbiTa «eKOTopbix opraHH3auHH MnHHCTepcTBa CTpOHTejIbCTBa npeÄnpHHTHH THJXenOH HHfflyCTpHH BHÄ- ho, Kaxoe 3H3HeHHe HMeeT npnMeHeHne aBTOMOÓHnen CojibuioH rpy3onoaT>eMHOCTH.

Tax,

HanpHMep, TOjibXO

qacTHHHoe Hcriojib30BanHe 10-tohhhx ÄH3eJibHbix aBTO- MOÖHÄeft n03BOÄHÄO B 1950 r. ÄOBeCTH CTOHMOCTb TOHHO-xHÄOMeTpa Ha psiae crpoHTejibCTB äo 69 xon., npoTHB 1 py6. 10 xon. 3a TOHHO-XHJioMeTp b nenoM HO MHHHCTepCTBy.

,rioBbimeHHe rpysonoÄTaeMHOcTH aBTOMOÔnnen, noMHr Mo oóecnexeHHH bhcoxoh npon3BOÄHTenbHocTH h nyn- rnero H-cn0Äb3OBaHHH m oihhux 3eMnepoiiHbix M a m iiH , H03BOÄHT nonyTHO peuiHTb aanany coxpameHHH xonn- qecTBa TpeßyromnxcH moiJiepoB, hto ocoßeHHO Ba>xHO ä ä h HOBOcTpoex. TaxHM o6pa30M, ääh yaoBneTBopeHHH Hy>KÄ CTpOHTejIbCTBa aBTOMOÖHJIbHaH npO M blU IÄeH HO CTb, Hapnay c cymecTByioiijHMH THnaMH aBTOMoßnneü H npnpenoB, Äon»Ha opraHH30BaTb Bbinycx:

aBTOMOÓHaeñ rpysonoÄTseMHocTbK) 10— 12 t h caMO- CBaaoB rpysonOÄT^eMHOCTbro 10—25, t;

THraneö Ha 6a3e aBTOMoßnnen rpyaomwbeMHOCTbio 10— 12 h 25 t;

npnnenoß rpy3onOÄ"beMHOCTbfo 5— 6 t;

npHuenoB-eaMocBaaoB, pa3rpy>xaiomHxcH Ha Tpn cto- poHbi, rpyaonoaTjeMHoeTbio 10 h 30— 40 t;

„

aBTOMoßHÄeö

c

BpamaromeöcH nncTepHon ääh nepe- B03XH HCHÄXOCTeÖ, nbMeBHÄHblX rpy30B, ÖeTOHa H pac- TBOpOB;

aBTOMoßHÄeft-caMO'norpyaHHXOB ä ä h xoHTennepHbix rpy30ß h aBTOMOÖHÄeft, npncnoeoöneHHbix ääh nepe- B03XH ÄÄHHHOMepHblX rpySOB (c npHHeniHOH OCbK)).

ABTOMOÖHÄbHaH oömecTBeHHOCTb oßcyxcaaer nyrB

«ajibHeñmero pa3BHTHH asTonpoMbinuiennocTH b Hamefi CTpaHe. CrpoHTeÄH äoäjkhm npuHHTb yqacrae b stom oöcyjKÄeHHH H npeÄ'bHBHTb HOBbie, noBbimeHHbie T¡pe-

6oB3HHH K KOHCrpyKUHH aBTOMOÖHJieft.

Ü H H a M H K a H 3 H O c a A B H r a T e j i H n p H n y c K e

K a n d . m e x n . n a y a J l. J lE M b S ll lO B

HccjieÄOBanHa n y c x a aBTOMoÖHÄbHbix ÄSHraTe^eft 6e3 noÄorpeßa, npoBeÄeHHbie b CBoe opeMH b o äho m H3 aBTOX03HHCTB, Ä8ÄH B03M0H<H0CTb peXOMeHÄOB3Tb cpeÄCTBa noBbimeHHH HaÄe>xHoeTH n y c x a b 3Hm h h x yCÄOBHHX c npHMeHeHHeM HH3xo3aMep3aiomHX jkh äxo- CTeft. K TaxHM cpeÄCTtBaM othochtch nycxoBoö aBTO- MOÖHÄbHbiü Hacoc

AIT (TOCT 4687—49) «

n ycxo B o ii ra3oreHepaTop

(TOCT 4768—49),

onncaHHe xoTopbix 6h ä o ä3ho B JSis 5 jxypH aÄa «ABTOMoßHÄb» 3a 1950 r.

B

CBH3H C BbICOXOH S^C^eKTHBHOCTbK) 3THX CpeÄCTB npeÄCTaBJiaeT HHTepec Bonpoc 06 onpeÄeÄeHHH ä h h3- m h k h H3HOca npH paßoTe ÄßnraTeÄH Ha nycxoBOM peJKHMe.

H3yqeHHe HSHamnBaeMOCTH ÄBHraTeÄefl Ha nycxoBbix peKHMax, npoBeÄeHHoe b nocÄeÄHee BpeMH, noxaaaÄO, HTO npH xoÄOÄHbix nycxax h3hoc MO>xeT npoTexaTb He cTOÄb HHTeHCHBHo, xax yxa3bißaÄOCb b paHee H3-

ä3hhoh ÄHTepaType no 3T0My Bonpocy. Pe3yÄbTaTbi CTeHÄOBbix HcnbiTaHHH Tpex ÄBHraTeÄeö

3HC-120 3a 162

nycxa-nporpeBa (oxoäo

80

nacoe pa ß o ra Ha ny-

cxoBOM pescHMe) noxa3aÄH, hto h3hoc u häh h äPob co- CTaBÄaeT B cpeÄHeM He 6oÄee 0,020 m m. IIp H stoM BHHBÄeHO, HTO b nepHOÄ nycxa-nporpeBa HapacraHUO H3HOca ÄBHraTejin, b qacraocTH napbi u h äh h äP — nopniHeBoe-xoÄbuo, H3MeHHeTca bo BpeMeHH.

,EUh BbIHBÄeHHH ÄeHCTBHTeÄbHOH XapTHHbl H3MeHS' HHH HHTeHCHBHO'CTH H3HO'Ca npH nyCXe ÄBHraTeÄH 6bWH npoBeÄeHbi cneuna^bHue »ccÄeÄOBaHHH, b ocHosy ko- Topux noÄOJxeH mctoä onpeÄeÄeHHH H3H0ca no coäbP"

HOHHKD >KeÄe3a B MOTOpHOM M3CÄe.

OÄHaxo npuMeHeHHe a ro ro mctoäh npH o rö o p e npoö MacÄa H3 TÄaBHOH MacÄHHOH MarncTpaÄH häh xapTe- pa ÄBHraTeÄH BbiBBano p h ä 3aTpyÄHeHHft, cBH3aHHbiX co cpaBHHTeÄbHo Manon xonneH Tpanueü ?xene3a b Macne, TeMnepaTypHbiMB ycnoBHHMH, BÄHHHneM p a3' JKHJXeHHH CM33XH H T. Ä. PIoSTOMy npOBeÄeHHe TaKO' ro axcnepHMeHTa noTpeöoBano pa3pa6oTxn h npoßep' xn onbiTHbiM nyTeM H ecxonbxnx BapnaHTOB MeTOÄ8 OTßopa n p o 6 Macen.

PaöoTa no onpeneneHnro ÄHHaMHKH H3HOca Ha nV'

(11)

ckobo m pejKHMe BbmoAHHAacb Ha ABnraTeAe PA3-51, yCTaHOBJieHHOM Ha CTeHfle, OÓopyAOBaHHOM COOTBeT- CTByioineH KOHTpojibHo-H3MepHTejibHOH annapaTypoñ, cneuHajibHbiM. «cyxHM» KapTepoM, AOnoAHHTeAbHHM MacjiHHbiM SaHKOM, no3BOJiíiBuiHM noAaBarb cBeJKee M acjio HenocpeacTBeHHo k MacAHHOMiy Hacocy ABHra- , f J w , h «AOByuiKOH» a a h MacAa, CTeKaiomero co cTe- hok h h a h h a p o b. «JIoByuiKa» ycTanaBJiHBajiacb B hhjk- Heñ qaCTH HHAHHApOB T3KHM 0fipa30M , HTO BCe Ma'CAO, KOAopoe nonaAaAO Ha aepKaAO h h a h h a p o b, coóHpaAocb stoh «AOByuiKOH» h no cnei;HaAbHbiM TpyCoqKaM qepe3 QTBepcTHH, npocBepAeHHbie c o fíe itx cTopon AsuraTe-

CTeKaAO b cneiiHaAbHbie cfiopuHKH.

HcnbiTaHHH npoBOAHAHCb b TeqeHine Tpex HHKAOB (I, I I, I I I Ha puc. 1, 2 h 3). B Ka*AOM u«KAe onpe- íeAHAaCb OAHa KpHB3H 3aBH'CIHMOCTH H3MeH6HHH KOAH- HecTBa sceAe3a, CHHToro c Tpym nxcH AeTaAeñ, ot BpeMeHH paóoTbi ABHraTeAH Ha xoaoctom xoAy nocAe n yCKa. riepBblH H BTOpoñ HHKAbI npoBOAHAHCb TipH HC- n0Ab30BaHHH aBTOAa 10; TpeTHH UHKA Ha MaCAB Bepe- TeHHoe 2. n o c A e K aK A oro ipicKa A B urareAb n p o rp e - BaA€H Ha xoaoctom xoAiy upe n — 1000— 1200 o6 /m h h., 3aTeM rAyuiHACH h o x a h a ía s a c h ao oqepeAHoro nycna.

npOAOAHCHTeAbHO'CTb OXAaJKABHHH ABHraTeAH AO OHe- PeAHoro nycKa SbiAai: a a h nepsoro h BToporo h h k- Ji o b— 15 m h h., a a h TpeTbero — 3 naca.

•HhHHH H3HO'Ca CTpOHAHCb TIO HUTA T0HK3M, AAH HeTO

°T 6HpaA»cb npo6bi MaceA H3 «AOByuiKH» c nocAeAyio-

u ih m onpeAeAeHHeM KOHneHTpaHHH >KeAe3a b hhx co l c h o TOC Ty 1955-47. F lp o S b i O T fin p a A H C b b cAe-

«yiomeM nopHAKe: 1-hnocAe nycKa ABHraTeAH h nocAe- Hyiomero nporpeBa ero b TeaeHHe 5 cero; 2 -h ¡nocne nycKa h nporpeBa ABHraTeAH b TeqeHHe 30 ceK.; 3 -h, h 5 -h npo6bi oTfiHpaABCb nocAe nycKa h nporpeBa flBHrareAH cooTBercTBeHHO b TeqeHHe 60, 180 h

360 ceK. ^hcao nycKOB ABHraTeAH a a h KaxAoñ npoóbi MacAa onpeAeAHAOcb KOAHqecTBOM M a c A a , nocTynaB-

^ero b «AOBymBy», noropoe aoajkho 6u a o SbiTb a o- cTaToqHbiM a a h cooTBeTCTB y romero aHaAH3a.

TenAOBoe cocTOHHHe ABHraTeAH nepeA nyeKOM onpe- ÜSAHAocb TeM nepaxypoñ oxAajK Aaiom eñ jkhakocth b

rOAoBKe fiAOKa. B nepuoA HcnbiraHHH OHa KOAeóaAacb B npeAeAax 12,5—17,5°C. TeriAOBoe cocTOHH'He ABnra- TeAa b yKa3aHHbix npeAeAax yeTaHaBAHBaAoeb nyTeM

°XAa>KAeHHH npOTOHHOH BOAOH. MaCAO B AOHOAHH- TejibHOM 6 anKe HMeAO nocTOHHHyro TeMnepaTypy, pao-

«yto 15—16°, h He TpeSoBaAO oxAa>KAeHHH. B KaqecTBe r°riAHBa AAH ABHraTeAH npHMeHHACH aBTOMOÓHAbHbíH 3THAHpoBaHHbIH 6eH3HH.

Ha pac. 1 npHBOAHTCH pe3iyAbTaTbI HCCAeAOBaHHH.

HH«H «a pHcyHKe xapaKTepH3yroT H3MeHenHe TeMna 1J3Hoca ABHraTeAH no apeMeHH. KpiiBbie CTpOHAHCb n>TeM HaHe-ceHHH cpeAHeií BeAHmiHbi H3Hoca TpymeücH naPbi hhahhap—nopmneiBoe koabuo 3a AaHHbiíi OTpe- 3°k B peM eH H .

TeMn H3noca napw h h a h h a p—nopmHeBoe K O A b iio WeHHACH B 3aBH'ClHMOCTH OT BpeMeHH paCOTbl ABHTa- Tejl5¡ Ha nycKOBOM pe*H M e, HaHóoAbmaH HHTeHCHB-

HocTb H3Hoca HaSAioAaAacb b nepBbiñ nepnoA paCoTbi ABHraTeAH nocAe nycxa, t. e. b mom cht HenocpeA- CTBeHHoro ero nycna. 3aTeM TeMn H3noca HanaA CpaBHHTeAbHO CuCTpO CHHJKaTbCH, H3M6HHHCB B ASAb- HeiímeM HecKOAbKO MeAAeHnee.

—

Y

\ Ai

—^i

A

^y ⁿ

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npodo/ntcume/rbHocmb paSombi dduiamenu nocne nycKa

,

muh. Phc. I. M3MeHeHHe TeMna H3noca napbi h ha h ha p — nopmHeBoe KOAbpo 3a nepnoA nycKa-nporpeBa ABH

raTeAH.

CoOTHOmeHHe MaKCHMaAbHOH BeAHHHHbl TeMna K3HO- ca h BeAHHHHbi, onpeAeAHeMOH npHBeAeHHbiMH Bbime ycAOBHHMH nporpeBai ABHraTeAH, 6h a o b npeAeAax o t

18 : 1 ao 24 : 1.

hs

ílpodonxume/ibHOcmb paSombi dduzamenp.

nocne nucxa, muh.

.

Phc. 2. H 3hoc napw h h a h h a p — nopm HeBoe KOAbuo npn nycKe ABHraTeAH.

Ha pnc. 2 npHBeAenbi KpHBbie cyM M apnoro H3HOca n a p u h h a h h a p— nopmHeBoe koabao 3a onpeAeAeHHbiS OTpe30K BpeMeHH, HaHHHan c MOMeHTa nycKa ABHra

TeAH. KpHBbie noKaabiBaiOT, hto npH npoBeAeHHH pa- 6oT no BTOpOMy HHKAiy H3HOCM 6bIAH HeCKOAbKO 6oAbme, qeM no nepBOMy. 3 r c ofi'bHCHHeTCH CoAee npo- AOAXHTeAbHbiMH n a y 3 a M H MejKAy oqepeAHbiMH n y c x a - m h, BCAeACTBHe qero yxyAmaAHCb ycAOBHH c m33kh AeTaAeñ b m om cht HaqaAa ABHJKeHHH (cMa3Ka cTeKaAa CO CTeHOK HHAHHAPOB a tíÓAbmeH CTeneHH) h yBeAHqn- BÜAOCb BpeMH B03AeHCTBHH arpeOCHBHOH CpeAbl; B03- MOHCHO, HTO 3A0Cb HrpaAH pOAb H HeKOTOpbie APyrHe

<í>aKTOpbT.

2 ABTOMo6HJIb >6 9 9

(12)

BeaHHHHa H3H0ca napbi b caynanx npHMeHemia Me- Hee BH3Koro Maeaa (BepeaeHHoe 2) aejxHT b npeaeaax BejiMHHM, nojiiyaeHHOH npn Hcnoab30!BaaHH aBTOjia 10.

3HaaHTejibHoro cmDxeHHH H3Hoca npn »cnoab30BaHHH MajiOBH3Koro Maeaa hb BbiHBaeHO, Tax KaK no ycao- BHHM BbißparaoH MeTOfl'BKH o6a copia Maeaa noaaBa- JlHCb K nOBepXHOCTHM TpBHHH B ÄOCTaTOHHOM KOJIHTC- CTBe.

Q

ilpodo/iMumenbHOcmb paSambi dBuzamenn noc/te nycKO., muh.

Phc. 3. Floaana Maeaa k H,HanHApaM ABHraTeaa.

Ha p»c. 3 aaHbi xpHBbie h3mbhbhhh cxopocTH noaa- BH Macaa K UHJIBHÄpaM B 33BHCHMOCTH OT BpeMBHH paóoTbi jiBHraTeJifl Ha nycKOBOM peixHMe.

Becb nepHOA paóoTH A B H ra T e a a Ha nycK O B O M pełKH- Me, HaqHHaa o t noHBaeHHH n ep B O H BcnbimxH b i i h- jiHHÄpe h K O H a a a p a 3 o rp e B O M a s u r a T e a H Ha x o a o c t o m

xopy po o n p e a e a e H H o r o T e n a o B o r o c o c t o h h h h, m o jkho y c jio B H O p a 3 Ä e JiH T b Ha T p n n e p n o a a (pnc. 4) :

:jhc. 4. H 3MeHeHHe xoscjKjwuHeHTa TpeHHS napbi u h- jih hä p — nopiHHeBoe xoabno h noaana Macaa iipn pa-

6oxe flBHraieaa Ha nycKOBOM pexoiMe:

1 — noAana Macjia; 2 — K03<JxJ)HHHeBT Tperoia.

1) OTcyTCTBHe noaaxH CM33KH — pe3Koe yBejmaeHHe Koa4)4)HUneHTa Tpe»nH h H3noca aBHraTeaa (¿i);

2) Hanajio noaanH c m83kh — yMeHbineHHe kosiJjiJíh- UHeHTa TpeHHH, CHHHíeHHe BejIHHHHbl H3HOCa ( í2);

3) CpaBHHTejIbHO yCTaHOBHBHIHHCH peJKHM — H3HOC onpeaeaaeTCH ycaoBHHMH nporpeaa (t3).

noMHMO n o ta r a c m83kh, Ha H3M6HeHne ycaoBufl pa- 6otm Tpymeñ'CH napw oxa3biBaer BjiHstHHe cMMBanne ocTaBHieñcH M acam ofl hjichkh HeHcnapHiBHieñcH xacTbro TOnjIHBa H CKOHABHCHpOBaBHIBHCa BOAOÄ, a T3K>KB flpy- rae (JiaxTopbi.

XapaKTep h3m bhbhhh yca o B im paöoTbi paccMaTpH- BaeMoíl TpymeñcH n a p u ocTaercH o a n ra xo B b iM npn jiio ö o M cnocoSe nycna, MeHaercH jiHUib b jih h hh b toto h a h HHoro (fia x ro p a Ha H3MeHeHHe 3th x ycjiOBHñ-

B

CBH3H e 9THM yBejIHHeHHbie H3HOCH Hapbl HeH30e>K- Hbi o MOMBHT HenocpeacTBeHHoro n y c x a asH raTean, He33BHCHM0 o t npHMBHaGMOTO cnocoöa n ycxa .

C

noHHJKeHHeM TeMnenaTypbi HHTeHCHBHOCTb H3HOca B MOMeHT n y c x a ÄBHraTejia ôyaeT noBbimaTbca, no- c x o jib x y yxymiiaiOT'CH ycjioBHa CMa3XH BcaeacTBHft B03pacTaiomeH b h3Xocth Maeaa. IloaTOMy h cootho rneHHe H3Hoca n p n npHMeHeHHH Macea c p a 3AHHHo8 BH3XOCTbK) H pa3AH»IHOH BH3XOCTHO-TeMnepaTypHOH x a - paxTepHCTHXoñ 6 yaeT 3HaaHTeabHO H3MeHHTbca c no- HHJxeHHeM TeMnepaTypbi. ripoxannsaeMOCTb Maeaa npn hh3xh x TeM nepaTypax b 9tom caynae HrpaeT pemaro- m yro poab.

AßTOabl, XOTOpbIMH CeHHaC CHaÓJXaKITCH aBT0XO3aÖ- CTBa, HMeiOT caeayrom yx) TeMnepaTypy 3acTbiBaHiia:

aBToa 10 — MHHyc 5o, aiBToa 6 — MHHyc 17°. MaaoBH3- m e Macaa, npHMeHHBUiHeca b anbiTax, onncaHHbiX b cTaTbe aBTopa, no^MeuieHHoft b >xypHaae

N° 5 3a

1950 r., 3acTbiBaioT npin TeMnepaType MHHyc 35— 40o- H c x o a a h3 npHBeaeHHbix UHcjip, caeayeT oiMeTHTb»

HTO b ca yq a e Hcnoab30BaHHH iHenoaorpeToro aBToaa 6 npH TeMnepaType oxpyjxaiom ero B03ayxa HH>xe —

17°

B03MOHIHO, a ro Ha CTeHXH unaHHapoB CMa3xa He 6 V ‘ p e r noaaBaTbca b TeaeHHe nexoToporo 0Tpe3xa epeMe- HH, a ib MacaaHOH M arncTpaan ee 6 yaeT HeaocTaTOXHO- n p n Hcnoab30BaHHH aBToaa

10

a ro HBaeHHe MO>xeT HaöaioaaTbca yace npH TeMnepaType hhjxb M im yc 5°-

O rcyrcT B H e noaaaH (pa36pbi3riiBaH H a) CMa3XH 6y*

aeT COnpOBOJXaaTbCa HHTeHCHBHWM H3HOCOM TpyiHHXCfl aeTaaeñ. C m a ie H n e HHTe»CHBHbix hshocob HacrynHT Toabxo Toraa, x o ra a x Tpym nM ca aeTaaaM HaaneT nocTynaTb cMa3xa.

3hmoh nepea nycxoM a B H ra re a a q a c ro npnMeHaeTca npeasapHTeabHbiH pa3orpeB a p n ra T ea a nyTeM nponycKa aepe3 ciiCTeMy oxaa>xaeHHa rop a a e ñ Boabi, HarpeBae- Mon b BoaoM acaorpeñxe. I lp n stom motjiepbi, xax npaBHao, ríe cansaiOT Macao H3 xapTepa h He pa30- rpeBaxiT ero b BoaoM acaorpeftxe, on a caa cb 3arpa3H6' HHH, noTepb ero h nepeMemHBaHHa b .c ä h o m pe3eP"

Byape c MacaoM, caiiTWM H3 a p y rn x aBiiraTeaeñ. Oh0 canBaiOT Macao anrnb n p n oaeHb h h3XHX TeMnepaTy pax, x o ra a 6e3 3anpaBXH a B iira x e a n ro p a n iiM Macao»*

n y c x e ro HeB03M05xeH.

E ca n HcxoaHTb Toabxo h3 coo6 pa>xeHHH oóecne1)6 *' HHH n y c x a asHraTeaH, to b óoabHiHBCTBe ca 1 2 y * *«3®8 aeñcTBHTeabHo aocTaTonno nponycTHTb aepe3 c u o r e ^ o xa a *a e H H H HexoTopoe xo a n ne crB o ropaneñ boäh1 11 3anpaßHTb ero aenraTeab (óea ra p a a e ro Macaa). r Io CJ,e n p o n y c x a xepe3 CHCTeMy oxaa>xaeHHH rop a n e ft boAbl aBHraTeab c t3hobhtch TenabiM u ecaH mo>xho np0"

BepHyTb x o a e m a T u ii Baa, n y c x yaaencn. H o npn Ta„

xoM n y c x a nponexoAHT HHTeHCHBHbiH H3HOC ABHraTeaa.

HTO'ßbl rapaHTHpOBaTb MHHHMaabHbie H3HO'CbI HP

10

(13)

nycKe ASHraieAH, hcoöxoahmo mpHHHMaTb ace Mepw f ljia oöecneqem iH yjtoBJieTBopHTejibHoö CMa3KH Tpy- m nxcH ÄeTajiefi.

B

ycJioBHHx hh3k h x TeMnepaTyp co- BepmeHHO HeoôxoAHMO cjiHBaTb MacAO H3 KapTepa npn nocTanoBKe aBTOMOÖHAsi b ¡napK h 3ainpaBjmTb ÄBHra- Tejib ropnqHM MacjioM nepeA ero nycKOM. Æa h H3Óe- KaH H fl HHTencHBHbix H3HOCOB n p n nyeice ÄBHraTeAH 6e3 noaorpeBa cjieayeT npHMeHHTt MajioBasKHe M acjia, HMercuuHe öjiaronpHHTHyro BH3KocTHO-reMnepaTypHyio xapaKTepncTHKy.

b 3HMHee BpeMH npn ny-cxe HBHraTejieft MajiOBa3KHX MaoeJi pejiecoo6pa3Ho He TOJibKo c t o i k h 3peHHH 06- JierqeHHa raycKa, h o h c t o h k h 3peHHa yMeHbuieHaa nyCKOBblX H3HOCOB.

ripaBHJibHoe TipHMeHeHHe cpeACTB xojiOÄHoro nycxa,

b coqeTaHHH c Hcnojib30BaHHeM Majioaa3KHX Maceji H aHTH(J)pH3a, MOJKBT CyipeCTBeHHO yJiyqfflHTb SKCnjiya- TailHK) aBTOMOÖHJiefl B 3HMHHX VCAOBHHX.

AßTOKOHTeHHep jin n n ep eB 0 3 KH K H p o n n a

M . r O J I O B H H U O B

Aupenm op „lIM M C rnpounetfim b'

UeHTpaÆH3ai[Ha nepeBoaoK KHpnHqa b MocKBe no3BOJiHJia B 1951 r. öojiee qeM BABoe ÿMeHbiiiHTb no- TpeÖHOCTb b aBTOMOÖHjiax, a npHMeneHHe KOHTeÖHepoB AajIO B03M0JKH0CTb 3HaHHTejIbHO COKpaTHTb TpaHCIIOpT- Hbie pacxoÄbi.

B

HacToamee BpeMa npe^ycMaTpuBaeTca eme 6oJib mee pacnmpeHHe peHTpajiH30BaHHbix nepeB030K KHp

nHqa b KOHTefiHepax.

B

cbh3h c sthm B03HHKaeT Heoö- XOAHMOCTb B BblÖOpe OTlTHMajIbHOTO rana KOHTeÖHepa h yMeHbuieHHH ero MerajuioeMKoeTH.

r i e p e B0 3K a C T p o n 'r e A b H b ix M a T e p n a ji o B b K O H r e im e - p a x H B J ia e T c a oahhm M3 c y m e c T B e H H H x c J ja K T o p o B c h ii-

« e H H H CeÖ eC TO HM O C TU C T p O H T e J Ib C T B a , C O X p a H e H H H Ä e (J )H 'IiH T H b IX C T p O H T e jIb H b lX M a T e p H a jIO B , C O K p a m e H H H C pO K O B 'C T p O H T e JIb C T B a , n O B b IH ie H H H e r O » y j I b T y p b l .

B CCCP 3a nocJieÄHne

io a u

AOCTnrHyTbi 3HaqHTeAb-

Hbie ycnexH b pejie MaecoBoro BHeapeHHa KOHTeÖHepoB Aah nep6B03KH CTpoHTejibHbix MaTepnajioB. IÜHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHe noAyqHAH KOHTeimepu CHCTeMbi JiaypeaTOB Ctbahh-ckoh npeMHH t. MajibireBa, t. IUnp- KOBa h ap yrnx.

B

HacToamee BpeMa Beayrca paßoTbi no yjiyqmeHHio KOHcrpyKUHH KOHTeftHepoB h chH/KCH'hio hx MerajijioeMKoeTH.

B CBH3H O 3THM npeACTaBAHeT HeKOTOpblH MHTepeC paöoTa, npoaejiaHHaa HayqHo-HccAeAOBaTeAbCKHM hh- CTHTyTOM no CTpOHTejIbCTBy (HHHCTpOHHetpTb).

KoJiJieKTHB paSoTHHKOB HHCTHTyTa pa3paöoTaji npoeKT H H3IX>TOBHJI OnblTHblH 3K3eMIIAiip aBTOMOÔHJia- caMonorpy3HHKa äjih nepeB03KH KHpnnqa hjih mjiaKo- öjiokob c aBTOMaTHnecKOH norpy3KOH h Bbirpy3Koft na- KeTOB KHpnnqa b KOJiimecTBe 800— 1000 mT.

ABTOMo6Hjib-caMonorpy3qHK FIHHCTpoflHeijjiTb (ycjioB- Ho H33BaHHbIH aBTOKOHTeHHepOM) npeÄCTaBJiHeT co6oñ nepeoöopyÄOBaHHbiH caMOCBaji, y KOToporo HaKJio«

rpy30Boö njiaTtjiopMbi mojkbt aocraraTb 90— 95°.

B 3aÄHeö qacTH rpy30B oö injiariJiopMbi, noa ÄHHmeM, na noripaMHHKe CMOHrapoBaH oneuHajibHbiä rHApaßjiH- HecKHH BHJioqHbiH 3axBaT. CxeMa rHApaBJiHqecKoro yCTpOHCTBa aBTOKOHTeÜHepa B MOMeHT nOCTaHOBKH 1

1 3aaBoqHoe cBHAerejibCTBO JVs 86 555

o t

17 Hoaöpa

•949 r. M. f .

roJioBHHHOBa h

H. A. fojioBKHHa.

rpy3OB0H njiaTtjiopM bi b BepTHKajibHoe n o jio *e H H e no- Ka3ana Ha pnc. 1.

BbiB03Ka KHpnnqa aBTOKOHTeÖHepoM c KHpnnqHoro 3aiBOAa opraHH3yeTca cjieAyiom'HM oßpaaoM.

Phc. 1. CxeMa rHApaBJiHqecKoro ycipoftcTBa 3b to k o h- TeÜHepa Ha macen 3 H C -5 :

^ ^ niBejijiepHasi pawa aBTOKOHTeñHepa; 2—p h jih h a p MexaHH3Ma noi-beM a KysoBa b BepTHKajibHoe n o jio * e H H e ; 3 — h h jib h a p Me- xaHH3.Ma n ojii.e M a naaeTa a n p n a n a ; 5 — aMopTH3apnoHHaH n jio - maAKa; 6 — HanpaBjiaiom ne BHJionHbix 3axB3TOB; 7— iio j u o h; 8 —

BHJlOHHbie 3aXBaTbI.

Ha BaroHeTKy ycTaHaßjiHBaioTCH Aßa M a jiu x Aepe- BHHHbix noAAOHa (c m. puc. 2, cjießa). BaroneTKa bxo- Ah t b neqb h Ha noAAOHbi BHKAaAbiBaeTca b onpeae- AeHHOM nopsAKe KHpnnq b KOAHqecTBe ot 162 ao

250 mr. ( KOAHqecTBo Knpnnqa onpeAeasieTCB rpy3 0 - nOAT>eMHOCTbIO aBTOMOfiiHAH).

KHpnHq, BbiAO*eHHHH Ha MaAbie noAAOHbi, A o d a s - AHeTCH Ha BbicTaBoqHyio nAoujaAKy h n p n noM om n xpaHa h a h A p y ro ro rp y s o n o A ^ e M n o ro npHcnocoÖAeHHa ycTaHaBAHBaeTCH Ha óoAbm oií noAAOH, H3o6pa>KeHHHH Ha pHc. 2, cnpaBa. Ha öoAbm oü iio a a o h ycTaHaBAH- BaioT qeTbipe c ro n w KHpnnqa, k s k noKa3aHo Ha

2 *