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rip otj)eccopcao-npenoA ab h tc abe hhh ooct3 b 3 btomo- OHA b H O-AO p OJK H blX HHCTHTyTOB B MoClKBe, XapbKOBe iVHeBe, CapaTOBe, ÜMoae b CBoe cpeMH r opim o o r- KAHKHyACH Ha o6paiueH«e AeHHHppaAGHjHx yneHbix O HOMOIAH inpO'H3BOACTBy.
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h ao- HAaAaMH na npoH3BOACTBe.
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3BOACTBO.
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b hoctohhhomoGmeiiHH c paooTHnaaMH np
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2
9 K C n A O A T A I i M i l ABTO M O BM AbH O rO TPAHCHOPTA
HOJIAJI TEA H O .|Q H |}| 11 MEA AHH3AHHM CMA3KH ABTOMOBHJIE m
MexaHU3u- poBotHHan
toouka admouoBu/reu
— ^ MUH\
AaBnen.
Bo 8 am Cmojko
KapdOHHb!X caynenenuu
CM03na 3/ieKmpo- o5opyoobanuR H3y>ieH«e onbiTa moiJjepoB-CTOTbiCHHHH- KOB co Bceft yCeaHTeJibnocTbio noKaaajio,
<ito rjiaBHbiM b Bonpoce oCecneneHHji pa- ooToenocoÓHOCTH aBTOMofiHjibHoro napKa HBJiaeTCH CHCTeMaratjecKH h KaqecTBeH- ho npoBO^HMoe TexH«qecKoe o6cavw h- B3HHe.
H3 ajieMeHTOB TexHHqecKoro o6cjivwh- BaHHH HaHóojibinee BAHHHHe Ha AOAroBen- HOCTb MexaHH3MOB, y 3jio B H AeTaAeft aBTOMoOHjiii OKa3biBaeT CMa3Ka.
B aBTo6a3e «JleHsnep- ro» 6biji ocymecTB^en KOMIWeKC MepOnpHHTHH, o6ecneqHBaiomHx BbicoKoe KaweCTBO CM33KH afiTOMO- 6meii.
Bce 3TH MepOnpHHTHH mojkho pa3Ae;mTb Ha ABe ocHOBHhie rp y n n u : a) bbc- A©HHe HOBoft TeXHOJIOrHH CMa30H'HbIX paAOT H C) yCTpofiCTBO MeX3HH3H- poBanHoro MacAoxo3Hil- CTBa, oOecneHHBaiomero 9Ty TexHOAornio.
Tex«OAoraqecKHH npo- U6CC CME3KH a'BTOM0 6 HAeH (puc. 1), npHMeHHeMblft B HacTOHLuee BpeMa b 3bto- 6a3e «JleHanepro», ocho- BaH Ha COBpeMBHHOH Tex- HHnecKOH KyjibType, 66ec- neHHBaioiaefi HHcTOTy h KanecTBo noAaBaeMbix b MCXa‘HH3MbI MaceA H CBOe- BpeMeHHocTb hx noAaMH.
B TexHOAorHqecKOM npo- pecce npeAycMoTpeHbi cABAyiomne onepauHH:
1. MexaHH3npoBanHaH Mofina 3btomo- 6 m n , oahhm H3 Ha3naqeHHfl KOTopofl HBJIHeTCH CMbIBaHHe rpH3H CO CM330HHbIX ycTpoftcTB npn noMoipH cHJibHo HanpaB- JieHHbix CTpyft BOAfai, HTo6bi npH 3anpaB- Ke 3arpH3HHTeAH BMecTe co CMa3Koft He nonaa h na TpymnecH '¡acTH Mexa- HH3M0B.
2. CMa3Ka rnaccH (b cpoKH, yKa3aHHbie B 33B0ACKHX HHCTpyKUHHx) c npHMeHe- HHeM nHeBMaTHqec»Hx coAHAOAOHareeTa- Te^efi, a ajih Tex conAeHeHHft, KyAa He npoxoAHT cMa3Ka,— coAHAonoHarHeTaTeAeft QBepxBbicoKoro AaiBAeHHji (ao 1000 a r).
Ecjih we h npH 'raKOM AaBAeun« CMa3i<a He npoxoAHT, to y3eA pa36HpaeTca ajih ycrpaHeHHH HeHcnpaBHOCTii.
Mh p k. r . r y c E B
Aomo6a3a „JIeH9nepzou
3. CMeHa .wacjia b Kaprepe ABHraTens
■iepe3 600— 700 km ( BMecTo 1000—
1200 k m) c npHnyAHTejibHbiM yAaAeHHeM OTpaCoTaBmero Mawia h npoMbiBKofi Kap- Tepa ropaHHM MacjioM.
CMa30HHbie CBOHCTBa MaceA CHAbHO VxyAHiaiOTCH BCAeACTBHe 3arpa3HeHHH ero nbiAbio, npoAyKTaMH H3Hoca AOTaAeH ab h- raTeAH, a Tanwe npoAyKTaMH CTapeHHH MaceA OpraHHHeCKHMH KHCAOTaMH, CMO- AHCTblMH BemeCTBaM« H T. A. CBOflCTBeH-
UleHHH CM330HHbIX CBOftCTB MaceA 3H3HH- TeAbHO 3aMeAAHeTCH
npn peAKOft CMeHe MacAa HeH3fiewHbi
HaCTbie AOAHBKH, npOH3BOAHMble, Ka)<npaBHAO, KycrapHO,, - 6e3 $HAbTpamiH.
D ABHraTeAb 3aHffCHTCH rpH3b H nblAb, Bbi3biBaromHe riOBbimeHHbift H3Hoc Tpy- IAHXCH ’AOTaAeH.
npeABapHTeAbHas npoMbiBKa KapTepa riepeA cMeHofi MacAa (qepe3 600— 700 k m) ropHHHM npOMbIBOHHbIM M3CA0M (90—
Cm3ka maccu To-1
flod BaB/iep. om 200 do 1000 am W MUH.
Owena wacna B BBueamene
/ MUH. nod dadnen.
om 15 do 50 am
0,5 MUH.
OcmpoHeHue npuauH He npoM03Ku
MaBnee Bo 0,5ar
t, 5 MUH. OdaneHue cpunbmpy- rouieeo aneMenma
0 7 MUH.
Pezene papuH
i!o nompe- 6hocmu
2,5 MUH.
t, 0 MUH.
) Hmoeo Hi /MUH.nmcc /ycmpoHenue \ /npuHUh nenpo-
M03KU
CnuS ompaBomaBiuezo Mocna BbidyBoM nod Baon en Bo 0,5 am
Ja/iuSna noB Badnen Bo 1 am npoMbiBoh- aoeo (t°C = io o °) Moc
na u pa6ora hohcm
1,5 MUH. ___
/ ^ moso \ Cnuo OhiByBoM npo- / n n n 6,5n MiiBoHHoeo wacna / j/m-6,5 mBh. . (BaBneH. 0,5 am) /Bceeo 13 muh
CMeHa Mocna 6 3a&
Hew Mocmy u hoooB- ne nepedoH, BbiOyB cmapaeo Mocna nod BaBneH Bo 1.0 am 3anu6*a nod BaBneH Bo 0,5 am npoMbiBoe-
hozo KepocuHO, po6o ma ho neM 1,0 muhu
cnuB
3onuBna nod BaBnen Bo 2 am cBenteso Macna
1,5 MUH. OcmaHodKa HoBoeo tpunbmpymtiieao sneMeuma
i 0 MUH.
Hmoso' S,2 MUH.
H3H COBpeMeHHUM aB- TOMO'6HAbHUM ABHra- TeAHM BHCOK3H reMne- paTypa, npn HaAHHHH b MacAe OoAbmoro ko- AHHeCTBa MeTaAAHMe- CKofl nuA«, cnocoC- CTByeT 9HeprmiHOMy OKHCAeHHIO MaCAa.
n p n nacTofl CMeHe MacAa w npHMeHe- hhh npoMbiBOHHbix MaceA nepeA KawAofi CMeHoft oóecneHHBaeTC)! paÓOTa ABHraie- ah Ha 6oAee hhctom MacAe nocTOHHHoro KanecTBa, kto yMeHbmaer h3hoc AeTaAeft
ABHraTeAa.
BcAeACTBHe ypajiem in npHMeceń, Aeft- ctbvioii;hx KaTaAHTHnecKH, npouecc yxyA-
3anuBna cBeweeo Mocna ( t° C * 6 0 a) nod BaBnen do 2,0 am
Puc. 1. CxeMa TexHoaorHHecKoro npo- Uecca MeX3HH3HpOBaHHOH CMa3KH aBTO-
MoSnAefl b aBTo6a3e .JleH S H epro“ .
100° LI,) TaKwe cnocoScTByeT yMeHMiieniifo pacxoAa MaceA h H3noca pe rajieii, rav.
KaK AaeT B03M0WH0CTb CBOeBpeMeHHO yASAHTb MeTaAAHHeCKyiO H MHHepaAbHylO IlblAb H npOAyKTbl OKHCAeHHfl, CKanAHBaKJ- mnecH b KapTepe a m ra rtn a .
TIpHHyAHTeAbHoe yAaAeHue Macjia H3 KapTepa ABHraTeAB (BbiAyB cwaTbiM bo3- AyxoM), a TaKwe 3anpaBKa KapTepa ro-
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B 2 « 5 . - « a,üt",®C1'S!,iC c B oSD X E-P-2 5® 5-0 g s o S O B. Ç S O o ® S gpaqHM MacaoM (60° II,) bbb- AeHU b TexHOJTormo c ueabio cOKpameHHH bpgmghh npo- CTOfl aBTOMO6hJIH npH TeXHH- aecKOM oCcjiyíKHBaHHH.
PereHepauHH Macea, BBe- ÄeHHaa b oÖiuhä TexHoaorH- aecKHÜ npopecc, no3BonaeT HMeTb b 3anace HeoßxoAHMoe KOJiHaBCTBO npoMbiBomibix Macea h BMecTe c TeM hc- n0Jib3OBaTb ueHHbift Hei})Te- npoAyxT a a a AaabHeñmero npHMeneHua.
4. CMena CMa3KH b 33Ahhx MocTax h KopoÖKax nepepan (b cpoKH, yKa3aHHue b 3a- BOACKHX HHCTpyKUHHx) C npH- HyAmejibHHM yaaaeHHeM ot- paóoTaBinero Macjia nocpep- cTBOM BUAyBa, coKpamaio- ipero npopecc canBa b 5— 6 pa3, u npoMbiBKOH xepo-
MexaHH3npoBaHHoe Macaoxo3HHCTBo 6 bino 3anpoeKTHpoBann h nocTpoeHO c yneTOM cnenyioiBHX ochobhhx TpeÖOBäHHH.
1 Orpa*AeHHsi Macea h CMa30K ot nonaaaHHH h oopa30Ba- hhh b hhx paaaiNHHX 3arps3HHTeneH, HBnsnoipHXcn raaBHOH iiphhhhoh npe>KAeBpeMeHHbix h3Hocob Mexa«H3MOB. MccaeAosa- HHflMH VCTailOBaeHO, HTO OÄKH rpaMM MHHepaabHOH Ilbiait, iionaBiiieñ b ABHrareab, b Tenenne 10 aacoB paóoTbi aBnraTena H3naiunBaeT po 10 r MeTaaaa, CnenoBaieabHO, BUCoKOKanecTBeH- Hoe Macao npH HaniwHH b neM 6oabmoTO KonmecTBa MexaHH- tiecKHX npHMeceñ (MHuepanbHoft n MeTannmecKoft n m n h AP-) He AaeT HyxcHoro a c e le r a . „ „ « av«a
2. MexaiiHsaunH acex npoueccoB, CBasanHbix co cMasKOñ aBTOMOÖHaa, hto oóecnennBaer ycKopeHHe sthx npoueccoB,
AOBeaeHHe no MHHHMyMa noTepb Macaa, MHHHMaabHyio 3aTpaTy paöoneft cham h yMenbiueHHe npoH3BOACTBeHHbix naoipa- Aefl.
3. BoccTaHOBaeHHH Macea uyreM hx pe- reHepauHH.
4
77 m
Ph c. 5. IflHeBMaTH'iecKaa Koaornca a,aa 3anpaBKH n o a o rp e T b ix npoMbiBOHHbix
Macea:
1 — MacaoMepHan Tpy6Ka: 2 — pa3aaTO'muft uiaaHr c HaKüHeMHHKOM: 3 — nHTaioiuHñ Tpy6onpoBoa;
4 — aaeKTpHMeCKiiñ MacflonarpeBaTeflb; 5 — B03- ayxonpoBoa c npeaoxpaHHTeaeM Ha 2 am . 0 6 man cxeMa Mexa»H3iipoBaHHoro Mae-
aoxo3HHCTBa noKa3aHa Ha pac. 2, a hoct CM33KH aBTOMoCíiJieñ Ha pHC. 3.
K ax noK33aHo Ha cxeMe, noaorpeBae- Moe Macao MHoroKpaTHO 4>nJIbTPyeTCÍI h npoxoAHT no MeTaaaHnecKHM h pe3nno- b h m Tpy6aM, repMeTHiecKH coeaHHHio- UIHMCH C p33aHHHbIMH MeX3HH3MaMH.
llocpeflCTBOM oxaToro B03ayxa Han Ha- cocaMH Macao nosaeTca b HyKHbift arperaT nepe3 yuerabie a n n a p a m h pna.
cneunajibHbix (pwabTpOB b CTporo Heo6- XOH.HMOM KOJIHHeCTBe.
Hn)Ke npHBOAHTcn onHcaime HeKOTopbix yCTpOHCTB MaCJI0X03HÍÍCTBa.
U a c t e p i i a a asi n e p e B 0 3 K H M a c e a (piic. 4). ílpHMeHeHHe UHCTepubi oGecnewBaeT coxpaHHOCTb h hhctoty ne- peB03HMoro • Macaa, aaeT B03Moa«iocTb 3HaHHTeabH0 COJCpHTHTb BpeMH, Tpeóyio- meeca ajih HaaHBa h caHBa Macaa.
3arioaHeHne UHCTepHbi npoH3BoanTCH no« «aBaeHHeM iepe3 TpexAioñMOBbiH uiaaHr c 6bicTpo coeAHHHiomHMHcn rafisa- mh. B nyTH Macao, aah 6oaee óbierporo canBa h ayauieñ c¡)HabTpannn, noaorpe- saeTCH OTpa6oTaBinnMH ra33MH ABHra- Teas.
CaHB Macaa b noA3eMHyio «HCTep- Hy npOH3BOflHTCH Hepe3 T.peXWOHMOBblH rnaaHr non aaBaeHHeM ao 0,75' ar, hto 3HaqHTeabHO ycKopaeT. npouecc caHBa.
BcnoMoraTeabHbiñ pyiHOH nacoc, ycTa- HOBaeHHbiH Ha UHCTepae, a a e i bo3mo>k- nocTb npoH3BoanTb Bce nepau,HH no ono- po>KHeHHio h 3anoaHeHHK) uncTepHbi. fla n 3aMepa KoanneciBa Macaa b uncTepHe HMeeTCH cxepaíHeBofl H3MepHTeab ypoBua Macaa.
n p H c n o c o ó a e H H e f l a n n p a n y - i H i e j i b H o r o y a a a e H H a o t p a 6 o- r a b cu h x M a c e a H3 a r p e r a T O B a B T O M o ó n a n . riocpeacTBOM stoto npncnocoóaeHHíi ripouecc caHBa Macaa H3
arperaTOB npoH3BoanTca npn noMouiH oxaToro B03ayxa (ao 0,5 a r). f la n stoco npHMeHHiOTCH pesHHOBbie uiaanrH co CMeHHbIMH HaKOHeHHHKaMH, naOTHO BC'raB- aneMbie Han BBepTbmaeMbie b HaaHBHtje oTBepcTHH arperaTOB. yiiHBepcaabHbiñ MHorocTyneHHHTbift HaKOHemiHK aaa 3aa-
Ph c. 3. 0 6u ih h BHa n ocía CMa3KH:
/ - n o n e \™ noBopoTHaíi BopoHKa: 2 -y c r a H o E K a san npoMbiriKH KepocHHOM sa a m ix m o ctobh Kopo- 6okneneaaM’ 3 ■— iiHStnwaTHMGCKHC coflHfloflOHBi-Heia .ean; 4 - MacaopasaaTOHHafi i<oaoHi<a; 5 -K O flO H K a n p o « u S o ÍH b .x M a c e a fe - T a S a H u a hoPm SanparKH; 7 - Macfloaa. pa. ^ H a a k o« « .i m i s a n ó l e « « * npoMblBOHHblX --- , - --- • ... ...
MacaoM 3aAHnx MOCTOB hK o p o flo * nepeflaq; 8- uo.Vhev.HKe nepHjia Ka HBBbi.
K o a o hka a a a 3 a n p a B K H M a c a a b K a p T e p j B H r a i e a a (pnc. 6 ).
3Ta «oaoHKa (CTanaapTHaH, npon3Bon,CTBa TpecTa TAPO) oSopyaoBaHa saeKTpHne- ckhm noaorpeBaTeaeM h thókhm maaH- roM BbicoKoro aaBaeHHH (H3roTOBaeHHbiM H3 6eH30CT0HK0ñ pe3HHbl) AaHHOK) 2,5 M, HMeiomHM Ha KOHUe pa3flaTOHHbIH nHCTO- Ph c. 4.|CxeMa u.HCTepHbi! aa a nepeB03KH Macaa:
/ - npopeamieHHbiñ inaani aji» HanoaHeHHíi; 2 - HaKOHeHHHK c fiuc-rpo cceaHHrro.uefica ra ftK° f t ; 3 - ciepiH Heaoft H3MepHTeab ypoi:«« Macaa: 4 ~ c u ita - 9 - otctoP(1„hk; ewa; 7 — npope3HHeHHhift u i^a n r ajhtnojiaHH E03Ayxa b IlHC^ eP” J ’ jivth* 11 —npope3HH6H- 10 - Tpy6onpoEOA OT BbinycKHofl cHCTOMbi aBTOMoCHJW flan noflorpeEfl Macaa b nyTH, u rp o p e a n n e «
hhx moctob h KopoóoK nepeaaq paCCHH- TaH Ha 15 MapoK aBTOMOÓHaeñ.
n o B o p o i H . a u B o p o H K a cayaoiT fljia caHBa 0Tpa60TaBUiHx KapTepHbix Macea, HMeeT BbiHHMaiom,HHCH cj)HabTp
h cMOHTHpoBaHa b xaHaBe. «PnabTp eMKOCTbio 10 a cHa6*eH ceTKoñ Ns 600 (600 otb. Ha 1 KB. aiOHM). Ü3 BOpOHXH Macao nocTynaeT b UHCTepHy OTpa6oTaa-
uihx Macea, rae noaorpeBaeTCH h MOHceT 6 bixb nepenaueHO ib pereHepauHOHHyro ycTaiiOBKy. fla n ycKopeHun npouecca ne- peKanKH Macaa H3 bopohkh b nncTepuy npHMenneTCfl mecTepeHuaibiñ Hacoc.
I l H e B M a T H ' i e c K a h K o a o H K a a a n s a n p a B K H d p o m h b o i h h x M a c e a b K a p T e p a B n r a T e a H
(pac. 5 ). C noMombio stoh KoaoHKH mow- ho noaorpeBaTb Macao aan npoMbiBKH no 100° U, h noaaBaTb ero b aBHraTeab noa aaBaeHHeM cwaToro B03ayxa (1,0—
1,5 ar) 3a 0,6— 0,7 m h h. YHHBepcaabHbiñ aaKOHeHHHK, yupenaeHHbifl Ha KOHire inaaHra, no3BoaneT npo«3BoaHTb 3a-
npaBKy ObicTpo « 6e3 noTepb. rio ao - rpeB Macaa ocyraecfBaneTCH saeKTpoHa- rpeBa-reabHHM sae-MeHTOM, BbinoaHeHHbiM H3 npoeoaoKH HHxpoMa ToamHHoft 0,9 mm H aaHHOH 20 m. KoannecTBO Macaa, 3anpaBaneMoro b ABwraTeab, onpeaeaneT- ch c noMombio MacaonaMepHTeabHoñ
TpyÓKH.
2 ABTOM06Hflb, Ni 12 Ó
vKpenjiHeTCH pa3aaT0UHbift uiaaHr c yHH- B e p c a J ib H b iM naTHCTyneHMaTbiM Haxoneu- HHKOM. Mto6h HaXOHeUHHK He 3arpH3- hhach, Ha Hero HaaeBaeTCH npeaoxpaHH- T e a b H b ift xoanax. fla a npeaynpe^aeHHS nepeaoMa uiaam- HMeeT n p y » H H H b iH npe- aoxpaHHTeab.
M a c a o 3 a n p a B o m ia H x o a o H x a a a e T b o3- MOJKHOCTb 6 e 3 n o T e p b 3 a n p a B H T b a r p e r a - Tbl aBTOMOÖHHH UHCTbIM MaCJIOM B T C 'ie- Hue 2— 2,5 MHH. 3a xaoKAbift noBopoi pyKOHTKH IB arperaT nocrynaeT 0,25 a CM33XH.
ocMorpy TAH 100% aBTOMOÖHaefl b rex- HHUeCKH HCnpaBHOM COCTOflHHH. Fe3KO CHH3HJIHCb npOCTOH aBTOMOÓHAeñ B peMOH- r a x h no TexHunecxum HencnpaBHOCTHM.
h aan nepeB030K Ha 1949 r. 6bia Bbinoa- Hen na 108°/#, a 3a nepBoe noayroAiie
1950 r. aa 110%- ,
BßeaeHHe hoboíí TexHoaornH oocayxiH- B3HHH aBTOMOÖHJieö aaao caeayio'HHe pe- 3yai)TaTbi 3a 1949 roa--
Phc. 6. M acjiopa3aaTOHHasi xoaoHxa c noaorpeBOMt
1 - CMeHHblft CBHHUOBblft repMeTHIHHft B„aK0"®^- HHK:2 - r H 6Kna paaflaTO iH U « u uiaH r; a -n p H - eHHbiñ cpHJibip; 4-KpaHHKH ajiíi onPeA^ ™ "
VPOBI1Í1 Macjia; 5 - a ae K ip üH arpeB areab; 6 - (pHJibrp BbiaaHH.
jieT CO CMeHHbTM CBHHUOBbIM HaKOHeUHH- KOM naoTHO nocaaHB HaxoneuHHx pa3aa- ToaHoro HHCToaeTa b canyH, aanpaBiunx, OTKPblB KpaH XOAOHXH npH nOMOLUH noBO- DOTHoro HSMepHTeabHoro npHcnocoßaeHHH, HarHeTaeT b xapTep ABHraTeaa neoöxoaH- Moe KoamecTBO Macaa, noaorpeToro ao 60° I i ¿anpaßxa 3aHHMaeT oxoao 50 cex.
y e r a h obx a a a a n p o M b i B K H x a p T e p o B 3 a a h e r o m o c t s h k o- p o ß K H n e p e a a n (puc. 7 ). VcTaHOBKa oöecnenHßaeT 3anoaneHHe xapTepoB k pocüHOM nocae cahbh oTpaöoTaBiuero Macaa h 3aTeM yaaaeHHe xepocHHa. Ke pocHH noaaeTca b arperaT nocpeacTBOM Hacoca h rnöKoro maaHra anaMeTpoM 10— 12 m m, AaHHOK) 2,5 m. CoeAHneHHe maaHra c arperaTaMH ocymecTBAiieTCSi nocpeACTBOM nflTHCTyneHqaToro yHHBep- caabHoro HaxoHeHHHxa. Ilo BepxHeMy maaHry b arperaT noaaeTCH xepocnn, 3a- TeM BbiBeuiHBaeTca 3aAHHÜ moct, nycxaeT- CH ABHraTeab h BxaxmeTCH nepeaana.
nocae paöoTbi arperara OKoao 1,5 mhh xepocHH cnycxaeTCH no HBJXHeMy maaHry b 6ax, rae oh OT(|)HAbTpoBbiBaeTCH, ot- CTaHBaeTCH u CHOBa Hcnoab3yeTCH Aaa npoMbiBKH arperaroB.
M a c a o 3 a n p a B O H H a a koa o hka A a a 3 a ahh X m o c t o b h ko p o 6 ok n e p e a a a (pnc. 8). KoaoHKa npeacTaB- aaeT co6oh coAHAoaoöax FAPO eMxocTbio ao 40 a.
K
pa3AaTOHHOMy mTyuepy xo- aoHKH nocpeacTBOM cneuHaabHoro noBO- r.r.-r.unrrt vpTnntöCTBa. HMelOUieCO caabHHK,43944 2 106 CsKOHOMaeHO 6eH3Hna, a . .
CsKOHOMaeno aBToaa, a . . . . OTpereHepnpoBaHO aB ioaa aaa BTOpuHHoro HCnoab30BaHHH, a . CoupameHbi npocTOH hbtomoóh- aeft b peMOHTe, % ...
Coicpamena paöoaaa cnaa na cMaa- Ke u Moftxe aßTOMOÖHaett, % • • CsKOHOMaeHO 3anacHbix nacieft h
peMOHTHbix
MaTepnaaoB, pyo.
. .236 ow
3 798 28 50Phc. 8. MacacmnpaBOHHan KoaoHxa aaa 3anpaBKH xaprepoß 3aanero Mocta h
KopoöKH nepeaau:
1 - noBopoTHan My<|>Ta; 2 - cajibHHKoeaii r a t a ; 3 — npyiKHHa, n p e flo xp aH ü io m a a rnaaur o r nepe- jiomob; 4 — pa3aaTOMHbift uiaaur; 5 — ymiEepcaab- iib ift HaKOHg'iHHK c.npefloxpaHHTeabHHM KoanaKOM.
n i i e B M a T H H e c K H i i c o a H A O J 10’
H a r H e T a î e j i b c B e p x B b i c o K o r o j a B j i e H H s ( pHC. 9 ). Taxoft coahaoao- HarneTaTeab caywHT b xanecTBe xoh- TpoabHoro HHCTpyMeHTa aas caynaeß, xoraa oObWHUH coaHaoaoiiarHe'raTeab ne MOJxeT oöecnenHTb noaany cMa3XH x Tpy- ihhmch AeTaaHM. CoaHAoaoHarHeTaTeab H3roTOBaen B aBTo6a3e n oöecnenHBaeT noaany cm33Xh noa aaßaeHHeM Ao
1000 ar.
3aTpaneHHbie cpeacTBa na nepeooopy- AOBaHHe Macaoxo3HÖcTBa aBT06a3bi y * e noAHOCTbK) onpaBaaancb. ABTo6a3a «Jlen- anepro» npeabanaaeT x TexHHuecxoMy
OnbiT paÖOTbi aBTo6a3bi «JleHSHepro»
noxa3aji, hto BueapcHHe npoH3BoacTBeii- Hoñ xyjibTypbi b npoueccu, cBH3aHHbie C TpaHCnOpTHpOBXOH H XpaHeHHeM CMa- 30HHHX MaTepnaaoB, a Tax>xe npH npo- BeacHHH CMa30HHbix onepauHH, AaeT Öojibmoü 3(j)c|)exT. Bjiaroaapa aTOMy aBTo6a3a aoöHAacb 5% sxohombh cMa- 30HHbix MaTepnaacnB h yBeamieHHH Aa Macea H3 pereHepau.HH Ha 15 20 /o.
Ot pedcuiąuu. OnHcamibie b CTaTbe T Tyceßa MeponpHHTHH no MexaHH3auHH MacaoxoBHHCTBa h yayumeHHio TexHoao- THH CM33XH, npO^OAHMbie B aBTOoa3e
«JleHSHepro», 6e3ycaoBHo 3acay*HBaioT BHHMaHHH HHÄeHepHO-TeXHHUeCKHX paßOT- HHxoB aBTOTpaHcnopTa. OaHaxo peaaxuHH OTMeuaet, HTo nacTyio cMeHy Macaa (nocae npoßera aBTOMOÖHaeM 600— 700 k m), pexoMenayeMyio aBTopoM CTaTbH AAH aBTOMOönabHbix ABHraTeaeft, HMeiomux b cHCTeMe CM33XH Macao(i>nabTpbi tohkoh OmiCTXH, Heab3H CUHTaTb TeXHHMeCXH oÖocHOBainioü. HMeeTca pna paöor, no- xa3biBax)m,HX noaHyio B03M0x<H0CTb npoa- aeHHH cpoxa cay>x6bi Macaa no cpaBHe- HHK) C peXOMeHAyeMMM 3aBOACXHMH HHCTpyXUHHMH, npH ycaoBHH cBoeßpeMeH- Hoft cMeHbi cj)HabTpyiouiHx saeMeHTOB b MacaotJjHAb’rpax tohkoh ohhctkh.
Phc. 9. nHeBMaTHuecKHÜ cojiHAoaouarHeTareab CBepxBbicoKoro aaßaeHHa.
BOJKÆEHHE ABTOMOEHJia B JCJIOBHflX BE3,¡l,OrOjK Í»B
Hand. mexn. naytc C. ilY K E P E E P r
C u ô u p C K iiü a e m o M O Ô u A b h O -d o p o o K H b iü u H c m u n iy m
H3yTCHHe onbiTa uiocjiepoB-CTaxaHOBueB nOK33bIBaeT, qTO atjxfieKTHBHOCTb 3KCnJI0a- -raUHH aBTOMOÔHAH 33BHCHT b 3HaHHTeAb- Hoft cTenenH ot KaqecTBa vxoua 3a hbto- MoôHJieM, onpeueAHiomero ero TexiiHqe- cKOe cocTOHHHe, h MacTepcTBa BoJKneiiHH.
B HacToameü CTaTbe paccMaTpHBaiOTca MeTOÂbl BOJKAeUHH aBTOMOÔHAH, npHMe- naeMbie oahhm H3 AyquiHX uiocJiepOB aBTO- TpaHCnOpTHOH KOHTOpbl OmCKOTO OÔAaBTO- TpecTa MHHHCTepcTBa aBTOTpancnopTa PC4>CP A- riUieHHIHHKOBblM.
B Omckoh oôjiacTH aBTOTpaHcnopTy npHXOAHTCfl paßoTaTb b cypOBbix KJiHMa- raqecKHx h qacTO THJKeAbix A°po>KHbix yooBHHX. B ’ cbh3h e 3thm, yMejioe bo>k- AeHHe 3BT0M0ÔHAeH CHAbHO BAHHeT Ha noKa3aiejiH hx 3KcruioaTau,HH n coxpaii- HOCTb.
A . nmeHHHHHKOB pa3pa6oTaji pau Me- TOAOB B0>KAeHHa aBTOMoöHJia 3H C -5 no CHery h rpa3H, npHMeHeHHe KOTopbix no- BblUiaeT S^KjjeKTHBHOCTb 3KcnjioaTauHH aBTOMOÔHAH.
AßHJKeHHe aBTOMOÔHJia no cnewHoñ uejiHHe ocymecTBJiaeTca npn MHHHMajibHo- yCTOHHHBOM HJIH HyJIÊBOM TaTOBOM yCHJIHH Ha BeaymHx KOJiecax, hto ycTpaHaei bo3- MO>KHOCTb cpe3a cueJKiioro noKpoBa ko- jiecoM. npaKTHuecKH A - nmenHTOHKOB AOCTHraeT 3Toro Be A a aBTOMOÔHAb Ha nepBofl nepeuane npn MHHHMajibHbix 060- poTax ABHraTejia.
ripa
t3kom abh^kchkh A a *e pbixjibift CHer He npopesaeTca KOJie- caMH aBTOMOÔHJia, a yMHHaeTca hmh, uto UaeT B03M0>KH0CTb H3ÔeH<aTb npoôyuco- BbiBaHHH KOJiec, npHBOAamero k pe3K0My CHHJKeHHIO CUenjleHHH UIHH C Âoporoü KpoMe Toro, npa cmhthh cuera conpo- THBjieHHe KaueHHK) Menbuie, qeM npn npo- pe3aHHH, h nostomy HeoôxoAHMoe aah ABHJKeHHH aBTOMOÔHAH THrOBOe yCHJIHC yMeHbuiaeTca.H a 0C060 Ta>KejioM 3acHe>KeHH0M yqa- CTKe n y ra ABHJKeHue ocymecTBJiaeTca cjie- AyioiUHM o6pa30M. ABTOMOÔHAb no ywe npHMHTOH CHeJKHOH KOJiee OTBOAHTCH Ha- 3aa (Ha 1— 1,5 m), a 3aTeM Ha Majiofi CKopocTH ABHJKeTca Bnepeu no toh >kc KOJiee âo ee KOHua. 3aTeM ABHraTeAb BbiKJiionaeTca, h aBTOMOÔHAb npoxoAHT TpyAHbiü yaacTOK nyTH no HHepuHH, npn nanôojiee ÔAaronpHHTHOM aah abhjkchhh no cnery ycJioBHH, Koraa TaroBoe ycHJine Ha BeuymHX KOJiecax paBHO Hyjno. Ha pnc. 1 noKa3aHa cxeMa Taxoro ABH>KeHHH KOJieca.
npH n0Jlb30B3HHH yKa3aHHbIM MeTOflOM npoxouHMOCTb aBTOMOÔHJia noBbimaeTca ÔAaroAapa Bbiôopy nauBbiroAHefimero pe- WHMa UBH>KeHHa. BÔJibuiaa coxpaHHOCTb MeX3HH3M0B aBTOMOÔHAH H SKOHOMHUHOe pacxoAOBaHHe TonjiHBa uocTHraioTca TeM, qTO He npHXOAHTca «npoÔHBaTb uopory», T. e. npope3bmaTb maeio no CHery no-
■ Hcnbn-aHHfl, npoBeueHHbie aBTopoM b Hayquo-HCCAeAOBaTeAbCKOM HHCTHiyTe UIHHHOÍÍ npOMblUJAeHHOCTH, nOKa3aAH, qTO Kos^nJJHUHeHT cuenaeHHH uihhm co CHero- BMM ïlOKpOBOM npH npo6yKCOBbIB3HHH yMeHbuiaeTca b 4— 6 pa3.
CTynaTeAbH0-B03BpaTHbiM ABHJKeHHeM 3bto- moôhah. MexaHH3Mbi aBTOMoöHJia npn
«npoôHBaHHH Aoporn» b CHery CHAbHO H3- HauiHBaiOTca ot ueñcTBHa riepeMeHHbix narpy30K, hto HCKjnoqaeTca npn Bo»Ae- HHH aBTOMOÔHAH MeTOAOM, npHMeHaeMblM A- nmeHHqnHKOBbiM.
npHMeHeHHe stoto Meroua BOJKueHHH TpeßyeT ot uio<j)epa naBUKOB b Bbiôope pe*HMa ABHJKeHHH HBTOMOÔHAH (CKOpOCTb abhjkchhh, oöopoTbi ABHraTeJia), b 3aBH- CHMOCTH OT COnpOTHBJieHHH KaqeHHio H cuenAeHHa ujhh c Aoporoü. LUo(})ep roji-
>KeH oôecneqHTb TaKoe TaroBoe ycHAHe Ha BeAyiUHX KOJiecax, KOTopoe óhao 6m MeHbuie cham cuenAenna hihhm c Aopo- roñ h óoAbuie hah paBHO CHAe conpoTHB- AenHH KaqeHHio *, t. e.
P ^ > P k > P f <
rue: j°ç — chah cuenAeraa KOAec c ao- poroñ,
P k — TaroBoe ycnnae Ha BeAyni,Hx KOAecax,
P f — cHAa conpoTHBAeHHH KaqeHHio.
npoBeAeHHbie aBTopoM b HayqHO-HCCAe-
Phc. 1. CxeMa ABHHteHHa 110 3acHeaceH- HOMy yqacïKy nyTH.
Phc.
2. 3aBHCHM0CTb Meacuy
chaoücuenaeHHH h npoôyKCOBbiBaHHeM
BeAymero KOJieca.
AOBa'reAbCKOM HHCTHTyTe uihhhoü npo- MblUIAeHHOCTH HCnbIT3HHa n0Ka3aAH, qTO B yCAOBHHX ABHJKeiIHH aBTOMOÔHAH nO CHeroBOMy noxpoBy BeAHqHHa P 9 He3HaqH- TeAbHO ôoAbiue P j. Otcioas acHO, hto ycAOBHe yKa3aHHoro Bbirne cooTiiomeHHH BeAHHHH , Pk H P f 0CT3BAaeT BecbMa MaAbiH AHana30H aab Bbiôopa TaroBoro ycHAHH. Aa>Ke npn HeôoAbuioM npeBbiuie- HHH TaroBoro ycHAHa HaA chaoh cuenAe- 1 no A ara a, qro nyTb ropH30HT3AeH h
CKOpOCTH ABHIKeHHH HeBeAHKH, HMeeMi P | = U H P w S Ü.
HH a P y mueca HaqHyT 6yKC0BaTb h chah cuenAeHHa pe3K0 chh3htch BCAeacTBne
yMeHbuieHHa KoaiiiiJiHUHeHTa cuenAeHHa IUHHbl c Aoporoü.
C up yrofi CTopoHbi, yMeHbUieHHe P* mo-
*e T npHBecTH k TOMy, uto He óyaeT coÓAiOAeHo ycAOBHe >■ Pf- B 060HX CAyqaax aBTOMOôHAb ocîaHOBHTca.
TaKHM o6pa30M, oôecneqeHHe HyłKHOft BeAHHHHbl TarOBOrO yCHAHa B 33BHCH- MOCTH OT H3MeHeHHa AOpOJKHOTO COnpO- THBAeiiHa 06a33TeAbH0. CAeAOBaTeAbHO, paCCMOTpeHHblH MeTOA BOHiAeHHa aBTOMO- 6hah no CHeroBOMy noxpoBy MO>«eT 6 biTb ocBoeH motjiepoM AHUib nocAe AOCTaToq- HOH TpeHHpOBKH. MexaHH3MbI aBTOMOÔHAH AOAJKHbi 6biTb xopoiuo OTperyAHpoBaHbi;
HenpeMeHHbiM ycAOBHeM h baaeTca ycToü- qHBaa paôoTa ABHraTeAa Ha MaAbix 060- pOTaX H XOpOUIHH «HaK3T» aBTOMOÔHAH.
ABTOMOôHAb A - riUieHHqHHKOBa c noA- HMM rpy30M MOJKeT ABHraTbca no ropn- 30HT3AbH0My nyTH Ha npaMOH nepeaaqe co CKopocTbio 4— 5 KM/qac. 3to 3HaqHT, qTO ABuraTeAb aBTOMOÔHAH paôOTaeT noA Harpy3K0ü BnoAHe ycToüqHBo npn 150—
200 oô/mhh.
A - rimeHHHHHKOB AOCTHT T3 K>Ke ÔOAb- uioro MacTepcTBa b bojkabhuh aBTOMOôH- AH no rpH3HbIM rpyHTOBblM AOpOraM.
B 3THX yCAOBHHX paÔOTbl oh BecbMa ocTopojKHO h AaAem He BcerAa HcnoAb- 3yeT HHepUHK) aBTOMOÔHAH, TaK KaK ABH- AteHHe c pa3roHOM, ocoôeHHo npn h3a h* qHH cKpbiTbix noA boaoîî yqacTKOB AoporH, HeÔe30naCHO AAH MexaHH3M0B aBTOMO
ÔHAH.
Ha AOpore c rAyôoKHMH KOAeaMH h ry- CTOH rp a 3bio A - HuienHqHHKOB npeAnoqu- TaeT MeAAeHHyio e3Ay Ha nocTOHHHbix oôopoTax ABHraTeAH. M3MeHeHHe conpo- THBAeHHa KaqeHHio KOMneHCHpyeTca b 3T0M CAyqae ÔÔAbUIHM HAH MeHbUIHM OT- KpblTHeM ApOCCeAbHOH 33CAOHKH. IloCTOaH- Hbie oôopoTbi ABHraTeAH yMeHbuiaioT AH- HaMnqecKoe B3aHMoaeHCTBHe uihhm c ao- poroü h npeAOTBpamaioT pa3pymeHHa rpH3eBoro noKpoBa noA KOAecoM, hto no- BbiiuaeT K03(j)4>HUHeHT cuenAeHHa IUHHbl c Aoporoü. riocTOHHCTBO oôopoTOB npe-
% AOXpaHHeT MeX3HH3MbI aBTOMOÔHAH OT AHHaMHqecKHx Harpy30K bo BpeMa e3Abi no HepoBHOH AOpore. ü p n ABHHcenHH no rp a 3H AonycKaeTca hcKOTopoe npoôyKCO- BbiBaHHe BeAymnx koacc, b ochobhom 3a cqeT TaHreHUHaAbHoñ Ae^opMauHH rpn3e- Boro caoh Aoporn. 3thm AOCTHraeTca nOBbimeHHe B03M0>KH0r0 THTOBOrO ycHAHH BCAeucTBHe ynAOTHeHHH rpH3H b TaHreH- UHaAbHOM HanpaBAeHiiH h noBbiiueHHe co- npoTHBAeHHH cpe3y. O aHam npoôyKCOBbi- B3HHe He AOAJKHO npeBbiuiaTb onpeaeAeH- Hyw AAH Ä3HHMX AOpOJKHblX yCAOBHÜ BeAHqimy, nôo npn 3HaqHTeAbHOM npo- ôyKCOBMBaHHH CHAa cuenAeHHa uihhm c Aoporoü ôyueT nauaTb. 3to nouTBep>K- AaeTca HcnbiTauHHMH, bm hbhbuihmh 3aBH- CHMOCTb MeiKAy BeAHHHHaMH CHAM CUen- AeHHH h npoôyKCOBbiBaHHa Beuyurero KOAeca aBTOMOÔHAH ( pnc. 2). Toqua A xapaKTepH3yeT ycAOBHa noAyqeHHa MaK-
2*
7
CHMajibHoro TflroBoro ycnana. flp H H3Me- H6HHH BHaa h BJiałKHOCTH rpa3eBoro no- KpoBa TOBKa A cMemaeTca BnpaBO «an B.neBO, ho xapaKTep 33bhchmocth ocTaer- en HeH3MeHHbiM.
PÍ3 H3ao*eHHoro bhaho, bto npn bo>k- aëhhh aBTOMOÖHaa no rycTOMy rp«3eBOMy noKpoBy HMeeTca onpeaeneHHbin, HanBbi- roAHeHUiHfi p e *H M asHHieHnn, a a io m a fi B03 MOJKHOCTb p33BHTb MaKCHManbHOe TH- roBoe ycHnne.
\Í3 noACOÔHbix cpeACTB noBbiuieima npo- XOÄHMOCTH aBTOMOÓHAH UIHpOKO HpHMe- naiOTCfl nenn, HaaeBaeMbie Ha noneca.
ÛAHaKO AO HaCTOHUierO BpeMGHH B AHTe- paType HeT HcnepnbiBaioiHHx yKa3aHHH O nOJlb30B3HHH HMH, H HOSTOMV 6e3yCJ10B-
Hbià HHTepec npeAćTaBAaet npeanoareH- Hbiü JA. nmenHBHHKOBbiM cnocoô npHMe- HeHHH ueneñ.
f l . rimeHHBIIHKOB CTpeMHTCÎI nOJlb30- BaTbCH ixenflMH bo3MO>kho péJKe, cnpaBea- AHBO cBHTaa, BTO aanre caMbie ycoBep- meHCTBOBaHHble H3 HHX CHJIbHO IlOpTiIT nOKpblUIKH. npHMeHHÏÎ MÜH B ÔOnbUIHH- CTBe cnynaeB npn rononeanae, oh Haae- BaeT HX TOAbKO Ha BHyTpeHHHe 33AHHe noneca aBTOMOôHAH, hto AaeT cneayiomne npeHMymecTBa:
1) noBbimaeTCîi yaenbHoe aaßneHHe, h 3BeHbH ueneft Bpe3aioTCH b nea Ha 6ônb- m yio rnyßHHy, 6naroaapa neMy ynyn- uiaeTCH cuenaeHHe c aoporon;
2) nonaaafl na MfirKHft cHer, noneca ne
aapbißaiotcH ß fiero, fa x nan noneco 6eS uenn He cpe3aeT h ne BbißpacbmaeT CHer (xaK 9T0 npoHcxoAHT y Koaeca c uenbio) h yaepjKHBaeT cnapeHHoe c hhm Koaeco Ha noBepxHocTH aoporn;
3) npn ABHHteHHH aBTOMoÔHaa no Aopo- raM, HMeiomHM HeKOTopbiH nonepeHHbiñ yxaoH, ôôabuiaa aacTb Harpy3KH oôaer- HeHHOH CTOpOHbl aBTOMOÔHAH UâJJ,â&T Ha BHyTpeHHee Koaeco.
Hapaay c umpoKHM H3yneHHeM CTaxa- HOBCKoro onbiTa bo>kaghhh aBTOMOÓHnn 6biao 6bi Bnoane cBoeßpeMeHHbiM opraHH- 30BaTb KpaTKOcpoHHbie Kypcbi ycoBepmeH- CTBOBaiiHH uio^iepoB c u,eabio npaKTHne- CKoro oôyneHHH hx nepeaoBbiM npneMaM paôoTbi.
o n t l ï PAEOTM U10 <1>EP A-HOB ATOPA BÆ AjpiMHPA APTEMOBA
A. CVRAKOB
r j i a e n u í i U H M e H e p m p a n c n o p n iH O z o y n p a ß A e m iH M o c M e m p o c m p o n
riOHHH J Ih äHH KopaÖeabHHKOBOH H (peAopa K y 3HeuoBa — hhhuh3topob copeß- JIOBaHHH 33 9KOHOMHIO CbipbH H M3Tepna- aoB — 6bia ropHHO noAAepaoH na 3bto- (5a3ax MeTpocTpoa. Cpean uioifiepoB, oo- cayjKHßaiouiHx cTpoHTenbCTBO ay-iniero b Mnpe MeTpo, no HHnnnaTHBe BaaAHMHpa ApieMOBa pa3BepHyaocb conHanncTune- CKoe copeBlioßaHHe 3a skohomhio uennoro MaTepnaaa — 6eH3HHa.
LUo(})ep aBTOöasbi Ws 1 MeTpocTpoa B ApTeMOB 06fI3aaCS! C3K0H0MHTb B 1950 r. 3000 a 6eH3HHa,o eweMecHmo paÓoTaa He MeHee n s ™ a n e fl Ha cskohom- aeHHOM TonaHBe, u sto 0ÔH3aTeabCTB0 c neCTbio BbinoanaeT h nepeBbinonnaeT.
Ha 1-e HOHÖpa 1950 r. oh cskohomha 2840 a. E ro . npHMepy na MeTpocTpoe
riocnenoßano cBbime 300 mo(})epoB.
BaaAHMHp ApTeMOB paôoTaeT na hbto- ôa3ax MeTpocTpoa c 1935 r. h maneTca oAHHM h3 nyHiuHX HioiJiepOB TpancnopT- îioro ynpaBaeHHH. fin a n nepeB030K T. ApTeMOB BbinoaHfieT na 130%, Mewpe- MOHTHbie npoôern ero aBTOMOÓHaa 3Ha- 'iHTeabHO Bbime naanoBbix, Bceraa HMeeT- CH 3HaHHTeabHaH 9KOHOMHH cpeACTB no pacxoaaM na peMOHTw, TexHHaecKoe 06- cay>KHBaHHe h MaTepnaau.
yeaoBHfl SKcnaoaTanHH rpy3oebix bbto- Moónneñ Ha CTpoHTeabCTBe MôcKOBCKoro MeTponoAHTeHa pe3KO oTAHnaioTCH ot Ap y rn x KpynHbix cTpoeK. Florpy3Ka h bw- rpy3Ka npoH3BOAHTcs Ha uiaxTax h CBaa- xax, rae yCTpa»BaioTCH BpeMeHHUe n o a t- e3AHbie nyTH.
BbICOKHe AOCTHJKeHHH B. ApTeMOBa b Aeae skohomhh 6eH3HHa hbahiotcîi caea- cTBHeM nocTOHHHoro HcnpaBHoro TexHHie- cKoro cocTOHHHH aBTOMOôHAH h yMeaoro ero BOKaeHHH.
HcnpaBHoe TexHHnecKOe cocToaHHe aBTOMOôHAH onpeAeaaeTCH npaBHabiiofl peryanpoBKOH Bcex y3AOB h MexaHH3MOB, .lOAHOÎl h HaanełKamefi cMa3Koñ h Kpen- neHHeM hx, a TaKH<e HopMaabHbiM pe*H - MOM paôoTbi ABHraTean.
npeocoMerpa. B cayaae hcoôxoahmocth npoH3BOAHT npHTHpKy KnananoB, CMeHy nopuiHeBbix Koaeu (npn 3a30pe b 3aMnax Bbime 0,45 m m), peryanpoBKy 3a3opoB Menray ToanaTeaHMH h unananaMn (0,20—
0,25 mm ann nporpeToro aBararean).
C noMouibK) peryanpoBOHHoro uexa aBTo6a3bi 6biaa noao6pa«a caeayioiàasi HaHBbiroAHenuiaH kom6hh3uhh ncHKaepoB KapôiopaTopa, oßecnenHBaiomaH skohoimhh- nyio paôoTy ABnraTena .frpH xopouinx a h- naMHHfiCKHx KanecTBa'i aBTOMoÔHan.
Bo BpeMfl TexHHnecKoro o6cay>KHBaHHa
B.
ApTeMOB yaeaaeT ocoôoe BHHMaHHe C0CTO5IHHIO nopuiHeBOH rpynnbi, MexanH3- MaM pacnpeaeaeHHH, cncTeMaM nmaHHa H 33>KHraHHH. COCTOHHH© nopuiHeBOH rpynnbi oh npoBepneT c noMOUibio kom-UJoiJjep B. ApTeMOB. 3a pyaeM CBoero aBTOMOönaa 3H C-5.
S
AwaMerp cms/mhh. . . . 25 rjiaB iibift ÄHKjiep, cm8/mhh... 180 KoMnencauHOHHbift wmcjiep, cm®/mhh. 290
>Kni<aep moihhocth, cm3/mhh. . . . 70
>KHKjiep xohoctoio xoaa, mm . . . 1 rioMHMo noaßopa nponycKiioñ cnocoß- HOCTH JKHKJiepOB npOBepSIJIHCb BCe y3JTbl KapöiopaTopa (ypoBeHb 6en3HHa b no- njiaBKOBoii KaMepe, Haqaao otkpmthh KJianaHa 3KOHOMaü3epa h np.).
Bo3ayxooHHCTHTeJib peryanpHo ohh- maeTca ot nbuiH, a BnycKHoñ Tpyßonpo- Boa ot Harapa h cmojihcthx oTaoJKeHHH.
B. ApTeMOB oÖpamaeT BUHManne Ha 'iHCTOTy 3anaabHbix CBeqeiï h BeaHHHHy 3a3opoB Mejiiay saeKTpoaaMń (b npeae- Jiax 0,6—0,7 m m), Ha HHCTory koht3ktob npepbisaTejiH h BeaHHHHy 3a3opoB Me*ay
hhmh (0,35—0,45 m m), na tohhoctb paßo- Tbi aBTOMaTa oriepe>KeHHfl 3a>KHraHHH.
Boabinoe bhhm3hhê oh yaeaaeT npa- BHabHOH ycTanoBKe 3 a >k uranii a, hto, khk H3BGCTHO, OKa3blBaeT ßoabIHOe BHHHHHe Ha pacxoa 6eH3HHa. Bo3H»KHOBeiine ne3Ha'in- TeabHblX aeTOHaUHOHHblX CTyKQB B aBHra- Teae npH noa^eMe b rop y c noanocTbio oTKpbiroñ apocceabHOH 3acaoHKoft xapßio- paTopa ynaabiBaeT na npaBHabHOCTb ycTa- HDBKH 3a>KHraHHH.
Xopoiuero «HaxaTa», t. e.. HaHßoabiuero nyTH cBoôoaHoro Kaqeiuia aBTOMoönaa, B. ApTeMOB aocTHraeT caeayroiHHMH Me- pa MHi
1) peryaHpoBKoü TopM030B, oßecneqn- Baiouieñ Hy»Hbift 3a3op Mearay T0pMO3- HbiMH KOjioaxaMH h 6apa6anaMH, t. e.
>iTo6bi ripn OTnymeHHOfi neaaan TopM03- Hbie KoaoaKH ne xacaancb ßapaßaHOB h xoaeca HMean cBOÔoaHce BpameHHe (cbo- ÖOÄHbifi xoa neaaan TopM03a 20—25 m m);
2) peryanpoBKOH noauiHnuHKOB nepea- HHX h 3aaHHx xoaec, oßecneqHBaiomeft CBOÖoaaoe BpameHHe xoaec 6e3 öokoboh
kbhkh;
3) ripaBHabHbiM noaowenneM nepeaHHx KOJiec. Pa3Baa Koaec aoa>Ken ßbiTb paBeH 1°30', cxo»aeHHe — 6— 11 mm;
4) peryjiHpoBKoft KOHH'iecKHx poaHKO- BblX noauiHnuHKOB BTOpHHHOTO BaHa KO- poÔKH nepeMenbi nepeaai h peayKTopa saaHero MocTa, oceBoü 3a3op kotopmx aoa>KeH ßbiTb paBHbiM 0,05— 0,10 m m;
5) nocTOHHHbiM aaBaeiiHeM b mHHax b COOTBeTCTBHH C yi<a3aHHHMH saBoacKOH HHCTpyKHHH*,
6) aoCpoKanecTBeHuoñ cMa3Koñ aBTOMo- 6naa. Copra cm33kh npHMeHHiOTCH tojibko npeaycMOTpeHHbie 3a.BoacKoft HHCTpyKuweñ i aan asHraTean aeTOM — aBToa 10, 3H- moS — aarOJi 6. rip n cnabnux Mopo3ax K aBToay 6 aoßaBaaeTCH ziH3ejibnoe Ton- jihbo (ao 2 0 % ). fla n arperaTOB rpaHc- MHCCHH npHMOHHeTCÎT, B 33BHCHMOCTH OT BpeMeHH roaa, aeTHHñ hhh 3hmhhö h h- rpoa;
7) cTporHM BbinojinenneM rp a ç n x a CM33KH Bcex conpH>xeHHbix aeTaaeft aBTO- MOÓHan. rip H CMa3Ke aBTOMOÖHJIH oßpa- maeTca BHHMaHHe na HcnpaBHOCTb Macae- HOK (HeHcnpaBHbie cpa3y 3amchhiotch) h xopouiee nocTynaeHHe cm33kh k TpymHM- ch aeíaaHM;
8) oTcyTCTBHeM npoöyKCOBKH cnenne- HHH, aaa aero cpenaenHe peryanpyeTcn T3K, HTOÓb! 3a30p Me>Kay KOpOMbICaa MH cijenaeHHíi h MycfjTOñ BbiKaioaenHH 6bia paßen 2 m m, a cBOÖoanbiii xoa neaaaH CHenaeHHH 15 20 m m,
lilocjiep B. ApTeMOB ¿HHTaeT, hto xo- poniHii «HaKaT» y ero aBTOMOöHaa HBaaeTCH oaHOñ H3 raaBHbix npHHHH ao- CTH>xeHHH hm BbicoKHX pe3yabTaTOB no 3K0H0MHH 6&H3HHa. ll03T0My OH CHCTeMa- THHecKH npoBepaeT aerxocTb xoaa sbto- MoSnaa. riyT b cboóohhoto KaaeHHH aBTo- Moönafi (npH noaHoñ narpy3Ke Ha poBHoft ac())aabTHpoBaHHoft aopore co cxopocTH 30 KM/aac ao noanoft oct3hobkh) npeBbi- maeT b cpeaHeM 300 m.
n pH paßoTe Ha aHHHH B. Aptbmob noab- 3yeTCH caeayiouíHMH MeioaaMH.
1. noaT>e3>Kaa k CBeTotJiopy, oh, iio KoanqecTBy CKonHBUieroca Ha nepexpecTKe TpancnopTa, onpeaeasieT BpeMH otkpmthh CBeTO(j)Opa H B CBH3H C 9T.HM CHHHíaCT cKopocTb aBHHíeHHH «an, HaoOopoT, yBe- aHHHBaer ee aaa Toro, hto6h ycneTb nepeceab nepexpecTOK 6e3 oct3hobok.
2. MaxcHMaabHo Hcnoab3yeT aBHJKenHe
«naxaTOM», npHcnocaóaHBan ero k ripo- (})HaiO aoporn. /(BHareHne «HaxaTOM» npw- MeHHeT Ha Bcex, aa>xe He3HaaHTeabHbix cnycKax, a ecan no3BoaaeT npo(¡)Hab ao- porn, to BeaeT aBTOMoßnab MeroaoM
«pa3roH -— HaKaT», nan npwMeHHeT skoho- MHHeCKyiO CKOpOCTb, KOTOpaíl aaa aBTO- MOÖHafi 3H C -5 paBHa 30— 35 KM/aa .
3. FlaaBHO TporaeTCH c Mecía, 6e3 3a- aepjKKH Ha npoMOKyTOqubix nepeaaaax, MaKCHMaabHo Hcnoab3yH npaMyio nepeaa- qy. ripoMOKyTOHHaH nepeaaqa aoa»Ha cay*H Tb ToabKO aaa iipeoaoaeHHH npe- nSITCTBHH, nOaTjCMOB H paSTOHa aBTOMOÖH- aíi. noab30BaHHe TopM03aMH npoH3BoaHTc«
b HCKaioqHTeabHbix cayqaax; Bce ocTa- HOBKH aBTOMOÓHaH OCylHeCTBaHIOTCH CBOe- BpeMeiiHbiM côpacbmanHeM ra3a u BbiKaio-
■ienneM nepeaaqn.
4. T ipil aaHTeabHbix ocTaHOBKax y CBe- TO(|)opoB, y » .-a . nepee3aoB, a Taxare b MecTax norpy3KH h pa3rpy3KH BbiitaioqaeT ABHraTeab.
5. MHHHMaabHO noab3yeTCH «noacocoM»
h to ToabKO npn nycKe xoaoaHoro flBHra- Teaa.
6. üoaaepjKHBaeT Heo6xoaHMbiñ Tenao- BOH pe>KHM aBHraTeaa. B BepxHeñ qacTH paanaTOpa TeMnepaTypa bo äh aoaaíHa 6b iT b: aeTOM 75— 85°, 3MMoh— 80—90° II.
riosTOMy B 3HMHee BpeMH T. ApTeMOB OT- KpbiBaer KaanaHH yrenaHTeabHoro qexaa ToabKO npH nporpeTOM aBHraTeae. Ha
CTOHHKax h npH KopoTKHx e3ju<ax Kaana- Hbi qexaa 3aKpbiTbi.
H a n peryanpoBaHiifl TeMnepaTypu h bh- raie a n ,b 3HMHee BpeMH Ha asTOMofinae T. ApTeMOBa ycTaHaBaHBaiOTCH cneuHaab- Hbie «<aaK>3H c ynpaBaenneM hmh h3 k s- Chhbi uiotjiepa.
B ueaax coxpaHenHH TeMneparypu na aaHTeabHbix " ocTaHOBKax npn norpy3Ke Han pa3rpy3Ke aBTOMOÖHaa (b 3HMHee BpeMH) T. ApreMOB, He «oe3>KaH 5—6 km ao Mecía, nporpeBaeT ÄBHraTeab (n y ie « npHKpbiTHH ataai03H) ao TeMnepaTypbi 6HH3KOH K KHneHHIO, C TeM HTo6bI TipH nycKe asHraTean MHHHMaabHO pacxoao- BaTb 6eH3HH.
Tob. ApTeMOB HBHHHCH yqaCTHHKOM MHOTHX COpeBHOBaHHH Ha 9K0H0MHK) 6eH- 3HH3. B (JieBpaae 1950 r. Ha oßmeMocKOB- CKHX COpeBHOBaiIHHX B. Ap eMOB 3aHHa nepBoe MecTO — ero pesyawaT 43% 3K0' HOMHH 6eH3HHa. KoMaHfla MerpocTpoH, KOTopyro oh B03raaBana, 3aBoeBaaa KyóoK IlenTpaabHoro mockobckoto aBTOMOTOKay- 6a. B MapTe 1950 r., yqacTBya b aaabHeM npoöere na bkohomhio 6eH3HHa b qecTb BbiöopoB b BepxoBHbiñ CoBeT CCCP no MapmpyTy MocKBa — KneB — Mhhck — MocKBa, B. ApTeMOB'SaHHa 2-e Meció no rpynne aBTOMO&Háeñ 3HC-5, cskohomhb
35,2% 6eH3HHa.
B HacTonmee BpeMH na aBTo6a3ax Me- TpocTpoH coran moijjepoB «KeaHeBHO bko-
homht 6eH3HH, B3HB na co6h o6fl3areab- CTBa paóoTaTb ao rpex h 6oaee aneñ b MecHU, na c9KOHOMaeHHOM Tonanee.
f la n nepeaaqn nepeacBbix MeToaoB axo- mhh 6eH3Hiia na aBT06a3ax MeTpocTpon opraHH30BaHbi CTaxaHOBCKHe ninoabi. K a w - aoMy mo(})epy, 9K0H0MHmeMy 6eH3Hn, Bpy- qaeTCH BbiMnea c HaanHCbio «LUo(j)epy-CTa- xaHOBtiy, paóoTaiomeMy Ha caKOHOMaeH- HOM 6eH3HHe», KOTOpbiñ npHKpenaHeTCH k xaöHHe
na
bhahom MecTe.K
BoaHTearo- HacTaBHHKy, ocBOHBUieMy MeToabi paóoTbi B. ApTeMOBa, npHKpenaHiOT 10— 12 ot- CTaiomHX mocfiepoB, qro aaeT noaoatH'reab- Hbie pe3yabTarbi.B aBTo6a3ax MeTpocTpoH, Ha ochobp. oaaaaeHHH MeioaaMH paßoTbi B. ApTeMO
Ba H P33BHTHH TBOpqeCKOfi HHHUHaTHBbl, npn noBceaHeBHOH Homouih co cropoRbi HHHíeHepHO-TeXHHqeCKHX paÖOTHHKOB H py- KOBoaHTeaeñ aBioxo3HHCTB pacreT anean moi})epoB CTáxaHOBireB.
I I I H H t ï J I J IH r O H O M H L I X Á B T O M O B H J I E Í 1
MOCKOBCKHH UIHHHblH 33BOa OCBOHa Bbl- nycK aerKHx h BecbMa npoqHbix hihh aaH roHoqHbix aBTOMo6Haen pa3MepoM 5,00—
16. 3th uiHHbt H3roTOBaHioTCH H3 cne- UHaabHO OTOópaHHbix MaTepnaaoB. Ot oéblHHblX HIHH OHH OTHHHaiOTCH TOHKHM npOTeKTOpOM, HMeiOUlHM OCOÓblH pHCy- HOK, ÖaaroaapH qeMy aBTOMoßnab ayqrne
«aep»<HT aopory» Ha ßoabiiiHX CKopocTHx.
IIcnbiTaHHe hobhx iuhh aaao xopomne pe3yabTaTbi.
B HacTonmee BpeMH uihhh aan roHoq- Hbix aBTOMOßHaeft H3roTOBaaioTCH nap- THHMH no 3aKa3y aBTOMOTOKayßoB h Ko- MHTeTa no aeaaM cj3H3KyabTypbi h cnopTa npn CoBeTe Mhhhctpob CCCP,
K C B E M E H H IO L¡M T A T E J lE ñ
B pedannuK) x c y p u a jia „AemoMootiAb“ nocmyncuom niicbMa no eonpocy npuoßpemenuH asmOMoßuAbHoü jiu m e p a m yp u . PetiOMendyeM HümameAfiM o6paw,ambcn ne e pedatcąuto, a n o adpecy: M om ea, npoe3Ô Kyüôuuieea, 8, M O T H 3 , , K m iza nonmoü “.
