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B 1950
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B nyÔAUKyeMoü cmambe M. C m apiuuH osa u PI. A ndpeeea n a KOHicpemubix n p u M e p a x U3 npaxm uK U p a ô o m u 1-zo aemoôycHOzo n a p K a z. Mockbu noK a3ueaem cfi, Kanoe 3 hanem ie ó a k no- Bbiiuenufi npou38odumeAbHocmu m p y d a UMeem U3y nemie u p a c n p o a n p a n e n u e n e p e d o e u x n p u e mob p a ô o m u no M em ody 0. KosaAeea.
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npmiHHaMH BbixoAa nopum eH H3 CTpoH M oryT ébiTb TaK>Ke HeyAOBjieTBOpH- TejibHaa p a ö o ra chctbm CMa3KH, oxjia>KAeHHH, TonjiHBonoAaHH h nh t3hh h B03AyxoM, onepa- UHH onHCbiBaeMoro T e x y m e ro peMOHTa He- c x o jib x o pacniHpeHbi.C o x p a m e H H e BpeM eHH, 3 a T p a A H B a e M o ro Ha B b in o jm e H H e s t h x o n e p a im ñ , HMeeT 6 o jib u io e 3H axe H H e a j ih CHHmeHHH npocTO H aB T O óyca b peMOHTe, a cjieA O B aT ejibH O , a j ih noB bim eH H H xo3(J)(|)Hu;HeHTa e r o H cnoA b30B aH H H .
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T a p a M a e B a n o x a 3a.n0 , a t o peMOHT a b h- r a ie A H H a n ô o jie e p a im o H a n b H O npoH 3BO AHTb b yxa3 aH H O H HH>xe nocneAO BaTejibH O C TH :1 ) CHHTHe C A B H ra T e jIH B 0 3 A y iU H b IX (j)H JIb - T p o B , T o n jiH B H b ix i p y ó o x , H a c o c - c { ) o p c y H o x H 3 a M e p x o M n p e c c H H b u H A H H A p a x ( H o p M y A a s - A e H H H CM. H H 'JX e );
2 ) CHHTHe A3THHX0B AaSBAeHHH M aCAa H TeM - n e p a T y p b i b o a h, t o h a h b h h x (J m n b T p o B n p e í - BapHTeAbHOH H TOHXOH OAHCTXH;
3 ) CHHTHe n p a B o r o h A e B o ro 6p bi3roB H X O B it y c H A H T e n b H b ix o t x o c o b MOTOOTcexa;
4 ) CHHTHe M a c A H H o r o noA Æ O H a, M a c A H H o r o H a c o c a c M a c A o n p n e M H O H c e T x o ñ , M a c A H H b ix TpyÖOX, 4 )H A bTpO B n p e A B a p H T e A b H O H H TOHXOÄ OHHCTXH M a c n a h M a c A H H o r o p a A H a T o p a ;
5 ) CHHTHe. BOAHHOrO H BbinyCXHOTO X0A A6X- TOpoB h x p b im e x A K jx o B B 0 3 A y m H o ro p e cH B e p a AAH OCMOTpa COCTOHHHH XOMnpeCCHÜHHblX n o p m H e B b ix x o n e p Hepe3 o x H a b rH A b 3 a x h h- AH H A P O B ;
6 ) CHHTHe roAO BXH ô n o x a h OHHCTxa o t H a- r a p a roAO BXH h e e n p o x A a A X H ;
7 ) B c x p b iT H e m a T y H H b ix n o A m H H H H xo B T ex HHAHHApOB, B XOTOpblX o Ö H a p y jx e H b i A e(})exT H n o p u iH H ; CHHTHe n o p m H e H c u ia T y H a M H ; B bieM - x a A ec})exTHbix rH A b 3 ;
8 ) B C x p b iT H e 4 - r o x o p e H H o r o n o A r u H n H H x a , x a x H a n é o A e e H 3 H a m H B a e M o r o , a j i h o n p e A e - AeH H H COCTOHHHH X O A eH H aTO rO B a A a ;
9 ) p a 3 Ô o p x a c h h t o h c A B H ra T e n n m a r y H H o - nopm H eB O H r p y n n b i;
10)
n p o M e p A e T a A e ñ u ia T y H H o -n o p u iH e B o ń r p y n n b i, 3a M 6H a H e ro A H b ix h c ß o p x a h x;4
11 ) ycTaH O B K a Ha H B H ra T e jib r n jib 3 h n o p rn -
« e ñ c u ja ry H a M H b c d o p e ;
12) ycTaHOBKa npOBepeHHoñ
t o j io b k hdjiOKa
c n o flro H K O H h o b h x npoÓ K O B bix n p o K jia ^ o K ;
13)
n p o M b iB K aKopnycoB
M a c jiH H b ix $ m ib - TP °B , H p O fly B K a MaCJIHHblX TpyÓOK CJKaTblM B° 3 fly x o M , p a 3 Ó o p K a h n p o M b iB K a a jie M e m a tf’ H jib T p a np eziB apH TejibH O H o h h c t k h M a c jia ;14)
y c T a H O B K a H a H B H r a T e jib (jjH jib T p O B n p e ^ B a p H T e ^ b H O H h t o h k o h o h h c t k h M a c jia , n p O B e p e H H o ro h n p O M b iT o ro M a c jiH H o ro p a j i n a - T° p a h M a c jiH H b ix T p y S o K . B K o p n y c cfm jib T p a t o h k o h o h h c t k h M a c jia y c T a H a B jiH B a e T c n h o- SblH (J jH J Ib T p y ro m H H 3J16MeHT;15)
y c T a H O B K a HCnblTaH HO TO H a KO HTpO JIb- k o m c T e H fle M a c jiH H o r o H a c o c a ,peryjiHpOBKa
H aTH H íeH H H u e n H n p H B o a a M a c jiH H o r o H a c o c a ;
16)
y c T a H O B K a M a c jiH H o r o n o A A O H a , 6 p b i3 r o - BHKOB H y C H J IH T e jIb H b lX OTKOCOB MOTOOTCeKa;17)
ycTaH O B K a b o/u ih o t o hBbmyoKHoro
K o ju ie K T o p o B h K p b im e K j iio k o b p e c H B e p a ;
18)
n p o M b iB K a sjieM C H Ta cfiH jibT pa n p e flB a - P H T e jIb H O H OHHCTKH T O n jIH B a , OCMOTp COCTOfl- h h h a jie M e H T a (J w jib T p a t o h k o h o h h c t k h, c 6 o p - Ka (J)HJIbTpOB H yCTaHOBKa TO njIH B H blX T p y 6 o K ¡19)
ycTaH O B K a n p o B e p e H H b ix aaTHHKOB a B a - P H ñ H o ro fla B jie H H H M a c jia h a B a p H H H o ro n e p e - r PeB a BOHbl B CHCTCMe 0XJ13/KACHH5I;20)
npO M bIBKa MaCJIHHOH CHCTeMbI n o OKOH- 'laH H H c ó o p K H A B H ra T e jiH . C jie a y e T oTMeTHTb, 'it o b 1 -m aBTO'óycHOM n a p n e npO M bIB K a M a c - JIHHOÍÍ CHCTeMbI npOH3BO,HHTCH COCTaBOM H35
ji K ep ocH H a,3
j i ,n H 3 e jib H o ro M a c jia h2
jiA H 3 e jib H o r o T o n jiH B a ( n p e A J io x e p H b iM rn o ijie - Po m M . K a jiH K O M ). ÍIp o M b iB K a o c y m e c T a jiH e T - ch n y T e M n p o B e p ra B a H H H K O JieH na T o ro B a jía A B H ra T e jiH e ra p T e p O M b T eneH H e
3
M H H y r c H H T e p B a jio M n o30
c e K .;21)
ycTaHO BKa H a coc-cjiop cyH O K , n p o n ie n - m n x H cnbiT aH H e; u p e ^ B a p H T e jib H a H p e r y ji H - poB K a A B H ra T e jin h ycTaH O B K a n p o M b iT b ix b o3- A y n iH b ix (|)H jib T p o B ;22) 33JiHBKa Macjia
bUBHraTejib
h bo ah b CHCTeMy OXJia>K/ieHHH, OCMOTp CHCTeMbIoxjiajKjjeHHH
hycTpaHeHHe odHapyíKeHHbix nonTeKaHHH
bo am;
23)
n y c K A B iir a T e jin h O KOHHaTejibHanpery-
J in p o B K a H a coc-tJio pcyH O K .PaóoTbi no npoBepne Hacoc-cJiopcyHOK, Mac
jiHHoro nacoca,
tojiobkhdjiona, jiaTHHKOB
hnpoMbiBKe MacjiHHoro pan,HaTOpa npOH3BOflHT-
ch b
cooTBeTCTByioinHx nexax,
hnepe# cjianeS
hx hjih
ycTanoBKH npoBepnioTCH Ha cnennajib- HO H3rOTOBJieHHbIX
K O H TpO JIbH blXCTeHflaX.
M aC JIH HblH H a c o c HOJIÍKeH y£OBJieTBOpHTb CJie^yiOIHHM TeXHHHeCKHM Tpe60B 3H H H M : npH HcnbiTaHHH Ha M a c jie , H M e iom e M T e M n e p a T y - p y 10— 1 5 ° D, n p n 9 8 0 oó
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ry jiH p o B K a fla e jie H H H , c o 3 A a B a e M o ro H a co co M , o c y m e c T B jin e T C H n yT eM n o n K jia n b iB a H H H p e r y - jin p o B O H H b ix m a n ó non; n p y n c H H y p e a y K n n o H - i i o r o KJianaHa.Hacoc-(|)opcyHKH npoBepflioTCH
b p e x e toh-
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r e p M e r a H -IIOCTb
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h h x
neTajieií,
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hnpHTupKH ceneji KJianaHOB.
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rie p c o n a ji, 3aHHTbiñ Ha TeKyineM peMOHTe HBHraTejiH 5 IA 3 - 2 0 4 , HMeeT neTKHe TexHHHe- CKHe yK33aHHH o n p e a e jia x Hcnojib30BaHHH Ta- KHX OCHOBHblX ^eT ajiefi, KaK nOpUJHH, THJIb3bI, KOMnpeccHOHHbie KOJibna h BKjianbiniH KopeH- Hbix h inaTyHHbix noauiHnHHKOB.
3
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K ° J íf!IHb,e H m aTyHHbie IIO/UIIHIIHHI- KojieHHaroro sajía
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" BepXHeft tojiobkh maTyHa
OBaJIbHOCTb KonyCHOCTb
iln a M e ip a jib iib iH 3a3op MeiKfly loóicoñ nOpUIHH H THJIb30H
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y>Ke npeB biiuaeT30— 36 ra c .
k m, u ih-boko Honojib30BaTb p e ia jiu , 6biBuiHe b y n o - rpeöjieHHH.
Í U h ypoöcT B a paöoT bi peMOHTHoñ ö p n ra p b i
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icaHaßa «a
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npopecce HsyqeHHH JiyquiHX m c to p o bpa-
6 o r a ß bijio BbiHBJieHO', uto HaHÖojiee p apao- HajibHOH hbjih c tc h cnapeHHa« p a 6 o ia p s y xcjiecapeñ,
Korpa MeHee oTBexciBeHHbie onepa- PHH BbinojiHHeT cjiecapb 3 -ro h jih 4 -ix> p aspaba, a
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c
paHee OnHCaH- HOH nocjiepoBaTejibHOCTbK) p e M o m a , p a ß o ia opraHH3yeTCH cJiepyioipH M o6pa30M . P e r y jiu - poB ipH K npoH3BopHT 3aM ep KOMnpeCCHH H p e - MOHTHpyeT Hacoc-<J)opcyHKH, paxqHKH,a
b o t- p e jib H b ix c jiy q a a x h p e r y jiH io p , h n a n p a B J iH e ih x Ha n p o B e p u y . S a ie M n o p p y q u b iH c jie c a p n CHHMaeT 6pbI3rOBHKH, MaCJIHHblH nOppOH, H3- COC, MaCJIHHblH papHäTOp, MaCJIHHbie (jjHJIbT- pbl, BQpHHQH H BbIXJIOnHOH KOJIJieKTOpbl H OT- BepTbm aeT raHKH m n n jie K t o jio b k h ó jio x a . B binojiH H B 3TH onep a p H H , p e ry /iu p o B m u K h
c jie c a p b n e p e x o p H T k p p y r o M y a B T o ö y c y , a k p a ö o ie y n e p B o r o a B T O ö yca n p u c T y n a e T K B a - jiH cjjH pH po B aH H biH c jie c a p b -M O T o p n c T . O o c jie 3T0T0 OHH MeHHIOTCH MeCTaMH, T. e. MOTOpHCT HauHHaeT p a ö o r y H ap BTOpbiM p B H ra ie jie M , a no p p yq H b iH c jie c a p a h p e ry jiH p o B ip H K npH - cTynaiO T k cö o p K e n e p B o ro p B H ra ie jiH .
T a x o n n o p n p o K p a ö o r a no3BO jiH ji 3H aqu- TejIbHO nOBbICHTb npOH3BOPHTejIbHOCTb T p y a a H COKpaTHTb nO'TpeÖHOCTb B BblCQKOKBajIHlJlH- UHpoBaHHOH p a ö o q e n CHjie. Ecjih p a H b iu e Ha 3aM eny pecjieKTHoro nopuiH H 3 a ip a q H B a jio c b
13,15
q e ji/q a c ., t o T enepb Ha 3t o TpeG yercH10,65
q e ji/q a c . BpeM H npeöbmaHHH a ß T oöycab peMOHTe co K p a T H jio cb c
1
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— 8 qacoB.XpoHO M eipa>K npueMOB p a ö o r a t t. ü y H a ñ - KHHa h T a paM aeB a -no«a3aji, uto H auöopee TpypoeMKHMH OnepaUHHMH HBJIHIOTCH CHHTHe H y c ia iiO B K a to jio b k h ÖJioKa M acjiH H oro n o p p o H a u Bbix-HonHoro KOJiJieKTOpa. FlosTOMy, KpoMe npoßepeuHH o ö ih h x opraHH3an,HOHHO-TexHHqe- CKHX M e p O n p H H T H H , ÖblJIO y C K O p e H O npOH3BOp- CTBo O TpejibHbix onepapH H n y ie M H3roToiBjie- HHH H ecjiojK H bix npucnocoöJieH H H h cnepH apH - 3H poBauH bix K jiio q e ii.
Kai< H3BecTHo, p jiH OTBepTbiBaHHH
raeK
mn-HPeK rojiOBKH ó jio x a TpeßyeiC H h3k h p h o hr-o 6 p a 3 H b IH KJIIOq C PJIHHHOH pyKOHTKOH (He MeHee
400
m m) : T a u Kau ro p o B K a ó jio x a p a c - n o p o jK e H a 6j ih3k o k 3apH eñ e re n K e m o t o o t- c eK a , to n p u p a ö o ie kjiio h HeB03M0PCH0 n o - BopaqHBaTb 6opee, qeM Ha120— 150°.
rioaT O - My Ha OTBepTbiBaHHe p e e n ™ ra e K n pH X opn- p o c b 3 a T p a q H B a ra 4 7 qeji/M H H . C io p b K O >Ke BpeMeHH T p e ö o B a jio c b h Ha m p e p B a p H re jib H yio 3HTHJKKy ra e K n p u yciaHO BKe t o p o b k h ß p o x a na p B H ra ie jib . TTo npepjio->KeHHio c p e c a p n T. T a paM aeB a p j ih npoH3BopcTBa s t h x o n e p a - UHH H3rOTOBJieHbI TpemeTOUHbie KJHOHH (p n c .2 ),
n p e u M yin e cT B o KOTOpbix 3aKPioqaeT-Puc. 1. TpemeTOHibiii kjiio'i ajib raeK uiiimieK tojiob- KH ójioxa HA3-2Ü4.
6'
ch b tom
,
hto hxHe TpeóyeTCH cHHMaTb c raeK
n p il OTBepTblBaHHiH HJIH 33B0pTbIBaHHH. ílp H -MeHeHHe
thkhx kardachno3BOAHAo coKpaTHTb BpeMH Ha CHHTHe H yCT3HOBKy rOJIOBKH 6
ao- Ka Oojiee, AeM
ha 30% .
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M a c jiH H o ro noA A O H a, c 2 3 a o 19 n e ji/M H H ., h ß b in y c K H o r o K O JuieK T opa c 3 5 a o 2 4 a c a/m h h. Mhoto BpeMeHH 3arpaAHBaeTCH Ha CHHTHe h ycTaHOBKy toaobkh 6a o k3, Beenmeñ 64 k t. 3 i y onepauHK) He mojkct nponsBOAHTb oahh CAecapb. 3aMepoM BpeMeHH ycTAHOBAeHO, ato roAbKo a a h chhthh y>Ke OTBepHyTOH toaobkh ojioKa TpeóyeTCH o ô m aho 48 a6a/m h h. B nap- Ke npoeKTHpyeTCH npncnoeoÔAeHHe, o<6Aer- n aiom ee CHHTHe h ycTaHOBKy btoh a c t b a h.
ynpoaieHa Taxan KOHTpoAbHo-ripoBepoAHaH ùnepauHH, Kan 3aMep KOMnpeccHH. O
ômaho3aMep ocymecTBAHACH nyTeM nycKa ABHraTeAH
% HOOAepeAHblM CHHTHeM cflOipcyHOK B KaJKAOM PHAHHApe
aahBBOAa KOMHpeccoMeTpa, Ha
a t o3aTpaAHBaAocb 1,5— 2 AeA/qac. B
h aonpeAAO- . H0 aaMepHTb KO'MnpeccHio He Ha paßoraio- uieM ABiiraTCAe, a npn npoBepTbmaHHH KOAeH- OAlnp0rrlfrfrJIa ÄBHraTejIiI CTapTepOM, HyTCM IIO-
p Aro BBOAa KOMnpeccoMeTpa
brne3Aa ipopcyHOK
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hnpn
chhthxHacoc-cjjopcyHKax 1 axon MeTOA 3aMepa KOMnpeccHH AaeT
bo3- MODKHOCTb AOCT3TOAHO T0AH0 OnpeAeAHTb,
BKaKOM HHAHHApe HeOÔXOAHMO 33MeHHTb H3HO- BJenHbie AeraAH nopuiHeBOH rpynnbi. Ha
ocho- BaHHH AaHHbix, noAyqeHHbix npn 3aMepe
kom- pecCHH Ha HOBblX H HCnpaBHblX ABHraTeAHX,
H M e io m H x n p o ô e r
10
—14
T bic. k m,
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Kr/cM 2 (n p w« = ¡ 200— 250
o6 /
m h h.). B
H a c T o n m e e BpeM HHa
o n e p a p H K ) 3 a M e p a KO M npeccHH b h h ah h-
A p a x , Ô A a ro A a p n np H M e H eH H io y K a 3 a H H o roMeTOAa, 33TpaAHBaeTCH 30— 40
m hh.
T aK H M o 6 p a 3 0 M , n p oß eA e H H b ie b n a p K e n e p - Bbie p a ô o T b i n o H 3yqeH H io, o 6 o 6 m e H H K ) h BHe- ApeHHK) OHbiTa ne p e A O B b ix p a ô o A H x , aaH H Tbix
Ha TeKyipeM peMOHTe ABHraTeAeñ HA3-204, no MeTOAy H H *. O. KoBaAeBa,
a s a h hoaodkh- TeAbHbie pe3yAbTaTbi. PeMOHTHbiñ yqacTOK, pa- Hee oTCTaBaBuiHH,
cthaTenepb
bnapKe
n e p e -AOBblM. Bo3pOCAa H npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTb Tpy- Aa peMOHTHbix paöoAHx 3TOTO ynacTKa,
atoMOJKeT ÔbITb npOHAAIOCTpHpOBaHO CAeAyKDipH- MH AaiHHblMH:
‘î’ aMHJMH paöoAero
BbinojiHeuHe npoH3BOA- CTBeHHblX 33AäHHH
B 1950 r . B %
aBrycT ceH- THÓpb
OK- THÓpb
HO- flÓpb
TapaMaeB H ... 170 175 184 204 ZlyHâHKHH A ... 170 195 189 209 E ropoB M ... 148 159 159 170
B HacTOHin.ee BpeMH paöoTHHKH napKa no- CTaBiiAH nepep co 6 oñ 3 aAaqy, HonoAb3yn
3 a -MeAaTeAbHblH MeTOA O. KoBaAeBa,
H3yAHTbH
BHeApHTb nepeAOBOH o n b iT Ha t h k h x K pyn H M X peM O H TH bix y n a c T K a x ,KaK 3 o«bi
T e xH H A e cK o roo 6 CAy>KHBaHHH M> 1 H Ns 2. S
tonOSBOAHT BbIHBHTb
A on oA H H T eA b H biepe 3 epBbi
B bm oA H e-HHH
hnepeBbinoAHeHHH nAana 1951 r.
7
O rib iT 3 K c n /io a T a u H H
KO JiecHbix h caH H bix n p H u e n o B
E. J ib M O B u n . CEBOC T bJIH O B
Am apo-JlencKoe mpancnopmuoe ynpaeAenue ,H p30A om om paH c"
Abtomoöhjih FA3-M M , FA3-51, 3HC-5 h 3HC-150
(nylKHafOTCfl IBH'COiKOH npHOnOCO'ÖJIHeMOCTbK) K pa3HO- o6pa3HHM JOpOÄHblM H KJIH'MaTHHGOKHM yCJIOBHH'M, npOCTOTOH KOHCTpy.Kn.HH, HaÄe>XHOCTbIO H 6e30T«a3- HOCTbio b paöoTe. OnbiT nepeAOBbix moi})epoB, flo- ÖHBaiOmHXCH B CaMbIX pa3JIHHHbIX yCJIOBHHX ÔOJIblHHX npoßeroB aBTOMOÓHJieñ 6e3 xanHTajibHoro peMOHTa, CÆyiKHT flpXHM nOATBepjKAeHHeM OTJIHHHHX XaHBCTB oTeTOCTBeaHHX atBTOMOÔHjieft.
H o e t r a moiJmpH copeBHyrorca 3a .aocTmxeHHe CkwibmHX Me>KpeMOHTHbix npOiöeroB aiBTOMo6njieft bo BCBX aBT0X03HÍÍCTBaX K3K ÖOJIblUHX, Tax H MajIbIX, to 6opb6a 3a noBum eiine rpy3onoÄT>eMHOcTH aBTOMo- ÓHJieñ, 3a scj5cj3eKTiHBHoe HcnoJib30BaHHe npnnenoB
pa3BepHyTa aaaoKo HeaocTaTOBHo.
Eme Ha I I I CeccHH BepxoBHoro CoBeTa CCCP 1-ro co3HBa H. A. ByjiraHHH roBopmi: « n p rn e p o M Heopra- H H30B 3;H HO PO H’CH0JIb3OBaHHH aBTOTpaH-CnopTa MOJXeT cjiyjKHTb eme Taxoft (JjaKT, xax coBepmeHHo HejocTa-
■ '
TOHHOe Hcnojib30BaHHe y aac npauenoB h Taraieñ.
IIpHMeHeHHe npHuenoa c TaranaMH HesmMepHMo noBbi- OHJio 6bi nojie3Hyio /reHTejibHOCTb aBTOTpaHcnopTa. Ta
ran c nptmenoM ÄOJimeH 6wTb rnnpoxo pacnpocTpaHeH
« BHeflpeH b paôoty Harnero aBTOTpaHcnopTa».
Ha.ao npH3HaTb, w o h b HacToamee Bpeiaa ynenb- Hbift Bec nepeBoaox rpy30B a¡BTonoe3naMH oqeHb hh3-
xhh. Poct napxa npauenoB Tax>xe 3HanHTejibHO ot- CTaeT ot poeta rpy3O B0ro aBTOMOÔHJibHoro napxa.
Bd MHorax oôJiacTHX Hameii ctpa H u cymecTByioT TaXHe .HOpOJKHbie yCJIOBHa, HpH XOTOpUX MOmHOCTb ÂBHraxejiH ncnojib3yeTca b HeSojibiiioñ CTeneHH. Tax, HanpHMep, npn axenjioaraim H aBTO'MOÖHJien 3HC-5 n 3HC-150 Ha paBHHHHHx, nam e npynTOBux noporax, npH HopMajibHOH Harpyaxe MomHocTb nBHraTejia hc- nonbayeTca JiHHib Ha 25—40%.
np'H nocTOHHHOH sxcnnoaTanHii aBTOMoÔH^eft Ha poBHUx noporax MomHocTb ÆBMraTeaen no3iBonaeT yBejiHHHTb n o jie 3 H yio H a rp y a x y aBTOMOÔHjjen b 2—3
pa3a npoTHB HOMHHanb- HOH nyreM npuMeneHHs pa3jiHHHUx nprnienoB.
3anac nponnocTH koh- cTpyxuHH, xa« noxa3aji onbiT sxcruioaTanHH aBTo- MoÔHJieft, nonycxaeT sto. B HacToamefl cTaTbe MbI CHHTaeM nOJle3Hh!M KpaTXO HOJiejlHTbCH MHO- rOJieTHHM OnblTOM 3KC- njioaTau.HH OTenecTBeHHbix aBTOMOiönneä c xoaecHU- MH h caHHHMH npimena- MH B aBT0X03HHCTB3X Phc. 1. KojiecHbift n o a y-
np nu en rp y 3 o n o a ie M n o - CTbK) 8— 10 T una aBTo-
mo6h3h 3HC-150.
P *c. 2. O^HOOCHbiñ iipn- R e n-p ocnycx rpy3onoat> -
eMHOCTbK) 6 T.
«BepxjieHTpaHca», «-SÎKyT- Tpanca» a «HpaoJiOTo- TpaHca». B 3THX asToxo- 3añcTBax np apenu h no- aynpnpenbi pa3AimHbix KOHCTpyxUHH HarOTOBJIH- JIHCb CBOHMH CpeÂCTBaMH C y^TOM K3K ÂOpOHfHblX yCJIOBHH, O KOTOptJX ÄOJIJKHH paÔOTaTb 3BT0-
noe3.ua, Tax h poAa nepe- B03HMb[x "rpy30B. Ha Pac. 1 h 2 noKa3aHU He- KOTOpbie H3 KOJieCHblX nojiynpapenoBi, «axoAH- m uxca b 9KCiMoaTau,HH.
ripHMeHeHHe npapenoB nojiynpniienoB AaeT,
Phc. 3. AßTOMoÖHab 3HC-150 c caHHWM npapenoM . Oômaa rpy3onoAT>eM- HocTb aBTonoe3Aa 8 t.
kbk H3 Be CT ho, ßojibrayio SKOHOMHK) TOIUIHBa H aBTOHIHH. ECAH AJ?H üep0BO3KH . T r Py3a «a aBTOMoÖHAe 3HC-150 Ha paccTOHHHe 000 km TpeSyeTCH 100 a 6eH3HHa, to aah nepeB03KH TaKoro ace KOAHqecTBa rpy3a Ha npnuene noTpeßyerca scero 24 a. JXjw nepeBOSKH 4 t rpy3a Ha aBTOMoßHAe TpeôyeTCH 6 noKpbimeK, aa h nepeB03KH x e AonoAHH- reAbHbix 4 t rpy3a Ha npnuene TpeôyeTca toabko
noKpbiniKH, HTO AaeT Ha 1 t noAe3HOTx> r p y 3a npn- MePHO 20% 3KOHOMHH IHHH.
rip n aKCHAoaTaiiH'H aBTonoe3AOB Ha Tpaxxax c Kpy-
mh 3aTa>KHUMH noAtejiaMH xopomne pe3yAbTam noBmueHHH thtobhx jcanecTB AaeT AonoAHHxeAb- fj3H K0P°6Ka nepeAaq — AeMyAbTHnAHKaTop. HocTa-
•OBKa AeMyABTHiiiAHKaTopa c nepeAaxoHHbiM hhcaom Hn>KaiomeH nepeAaaH 2,60 : 1 no3BOAaeT 4-TOHHOMy
‘ Biomoöhaio 3HC-150 c noA63Hoñ HarpysKoô 'o 10 t npeoAOAesaTb HOA^eMu b 12— 13°. BucoKoe TaroBoe ycHAHe, AoxoAamee ao 5000—6500 Kr (AHHaMHqecKHH
■Top Ha nepBOH nepsAane 0,04 kt/kt), oßecneHHBaeT AaBHoe TporaHHe abtom o6hah c wecTa h pa3ron ero
■na«e Ha KpyTbrx noAieM ax.
Hs npHBOAHMofl HHJKe Tafia. 1 bhaho, Kanne H3Me- S H rm x n ° Kopocrax H TnroBHx ycHAHax abtomoôhaa ÆaeT yCTSHOBBa AeMyAbTHHAHKaTOpa AAH 1 2400 o6 /m hh.:
________ T a 6 ahu a 1
HepeAaaa
B oähom 3H C-150 c
H3
Be3 AeMyabTH-
nAHKaTopa C AeMyabTH-
nAHKaTOpOM CKO-
pOCTb, KM/nac
THroBoe ycHJine,
Kr
CKO- pOCTb, KM/qac
TíiroBoe ycHjme,
Kr
55 350 21 820
8,8 2180 3 ,3 5100
^ HaiHHX a B T 0 X O 3 H H C T B a B T O M O Ó H A b
ABTO.M0 3n.lb, }*, 2
(c
oóipeñ noAesHoñ Harpy3K0H ao 8— 10 t) npouieA 3a toa SKcnAoaTaiiHH 30 tu c. km 6e3 eAHHOH ïïoaomkh h 6e3 npejKAeBpeMeHHoro H3Hoca KaKoro-AHÖo arpera Ta HAH AÊTaAH.
OTpHUaTeAbHHM (JjaKTOpOM 3 KCILTIOaTHIAHH aBTOMO- ÖHAefl c npHuenaMH aBAaexca CyncoBamie koaoc na noAteM ax npn roAOAeAHire. H o HecMOTpa- Ha sto, pac- xoA 6eH3HHa Ha tohho-khaomgtp see Hie Mearme, qem npH 3KcnAoaTaiiHH aBTOMoóHAeñ 6e3 npHHena. np H pa- 6oTe a b T0M06ha e h c noAynpHnenaMH pacxoA TonAHBa Ha TOHHo-KHAOMeTp Hpoóera CHHJKaACH Ha 18 -i- 250/V
Pe3K0 CHHHCaeTCH CeÓeCTOHMOCTb TOHHO-KHAOMeTp a npn paßore aBTonoe3Aa. B aBT0X03HHCTBax «Hp30AOTc- Tpanca» OHa 6buia Ha 36,9 koh. Memnie cpeAHsñ ce6e- CTOHMOCTH TO'HHO-KHAOMeTpa Ha rpy30BOM aBTOMOÖHAe, HTO 'COCTaB'HAO rOÄOByiO 3.KOHOMHIO HO IKaHCAOMy 33TO- MoÔHAio, paôoTaiomeMy c npapenoM, ao 30 t u c. py6.
Eme ßoAbmaa skohomhh ro-cyAapcTBeHHHX cpeACTB H óojiee BbicoKoe H:onoAb30'BaHHe mohíhocth ABnraTe- A6H rio Ay q aeren npH paßore a btomo OriAeir c ca rnibi.vur npHuenaMH h noAynpHHenaMH (pnc. 3, 4 h 5), KOTopue HauiAH mnpoKoe npHMeHeHHe Ha rpyHTOBbix Aoporax, HOKpbiTbix HAOTHO yKaT3HHbiM CHeroM, a Ta«>Ke Ha 3a- Mep3mnx peKax.
H a CHescHo-AeAHHHX Aoporax conpoTHBAeHHe Kaqe- HHIO HHeBMaTHHeCKHX fflHH HHHCe, qeM Ha rpyHTOBblX.
ConpoTHBAeHHe CKOAbKeHHlO CaHeñ C nOA03bHMH, OKOBaHHbIMH CTaAbHOH IIOAOCOH, paBHO HAH HHJKe CO- HpoTHBAeHHH iKaqeHHK). Ko3(j)(j)HAHenT cpenAenHH nneB- MaTHqe.CKHX iHHH no yKaTaHHOH CHemHoii Aopore He ycTynae.T no BeAHHHHe cpenAemno hihh Ha rpyHTOBux Aoporax, ocoöenno npH hh3khx TeMneparypax. Bce 3TO C03AaeT yCAOBHH AAH BbICOKOn p OH 3 BO AHTe A bH OH paßoTbi aBTOMoÖHAeH c caHHHMH inpHu,enaMH hah no- AynpHpenaMH.
rpyaonoAieM HocTb caHHoro aBTonoe3Aa Ha paBHHH- Hbix CHejKHbtx Aoporax Taxan see, «a« Ha AeAHHMx.
HaAHAHe noATjCMon, AOCTHraroLUHx 13— 15°, b noAxopa- ABa pasa yMeHbmaeT rpysoinoAieMHocTb aBxonoe3Aa.
P a Cora aBTonoeaAOB -c c3hhmh xapaKTepH3yeTCH fie TOAbKO BHCOKH'MH HarpySKaM'H, HO H BblOOKHMH CKO-
9
pOCTaMM, ÔOJIMHOH 3KOHÖMH0H TOTIJIHB 3 H aBTOUIHH.
3a.nac m o iiíh o c t h «BHraTeJia h BHCOKaa npoHHOCTb KOHCTpyKUHH aBTOMOÔHJia no3BOJiflK)T yBejiH^HTb ero
«arpyaKy c hiphmshshhöm caHeñ b 2,0—3,5 pa3a.
B Taôji. 2 h 3 npHBeaeHbi cpeaHHe h MaKCHMajibHbie- noKa3aTeaH rpy3ono,n-beMH0CTH h TexHiHaecKoft cKopo- CTH aBTOMOÔHJieH C CaHHbtMB IIpHUenaMB B aBT0XO33H- CTBax «Hp30JiOTOTpaHica».
T a 6 Ji hu a 2 C p eA H iie AKCiiAoaTauM oHHbie „ O K a a . t a a . ,B T ,M o 6 K » a l. 3 H C -5 c c - ™ - n p a u e a a m .
OcHOBHbie noKa3aTeaH 1946 r . 1947 r. 1948 r. 1949 r. 1950 r.
CpeaHHH TeXHHHeCKüH CKOpOCTb, KM/aac. . . Harpy3Ka na aBTonoe3a. ...
29,6 6,1
24,3 8,4
26,9 6 ,4
26,2 7 ,4
27,0 8,0 BbipaöoTKa 3a Mecau, t-k m b % k HopMe
(npH HopMaJibHoft sarpysKe aBTOMOÓHJia) 183 252 192 221 232
T a 6 jih u a 3 MaKCHMaJibHbie no iia 3a T e JiH p a ô o T b i OTaeJibHbix M a K U M M B " p a u iiu u n noHuenaM H
HaHBHCinaa Cpeane- H a nö ojib- CpeAHHH Tex-
MecHHHaa man HHqecKan
<{>aMHJiHs rno^epa Harpy3Ka Harpy3Ka CKOpOCTb 3a 3a peñe, 3a peñe, peñe c rp y -
T T 30M, KM/aac.
AHTHnHH n. . . . 8,8 10,4 44
BHTH3eB H. . . . 9 ,4 11,0 36
3yeB K... 8,1 10,4 42
KapneBCKHH H . . . 9 ,9 11,0 33
ÜHM0HOB M. . . . 9,8 10,9 40
CTpeaoiHbix C. . 9 ,4 10,1 51
B Ta6ji. 4 npHBeaeHU (xrqeTHHe aaHHtie no pacxoay
>6eH3HHa aBTonoe3aaMH c Harpy3KOH b 6 11 t «a k h- jiomctp h TOHHO^KHJioMeTp npoôera. HaHÔoJibinaH 9KO- homhh Ha TOHHO-KHJioMeTp npoóera nojiyaeHa npn Ha- rpy3K0 b 8—8,5 t.
Bjiaixw apH npHMeHeHHK) aBTOcaHefi, Ha jieaHHbix âo- p o ra x b 2— 3 pa3a h ô o jie e coKpamaeTca pacxoa hihh
Ha TOHHy ne()eB€3eHHoro rpyaa.
Tau, nanpHMep, no aaHHbiM aB-roôa3 p a c x o a h ih h 3HMOH 1949 r., K o ra a nrapoKO Hcnoab30Baancb caHHwe apHuenbi, cocTaBHJi Bcero 2 8 % ot HopMU Ha oaHy t u- cany TOHH népeBe3eHHoro rpy3a. CoKpameHHio pac- xoaa' hihh onocoßcTByeT T a K x e öTcyTCTBHe bhóohh h HepoBHocTeñ Ha jieaaH bix a o p o ra x h Hiaanqne cpaB- HHTeabHO HH3KHX TeMnepaTyp 3HMOH.
KoHCTpyKH,HH n pHM OH HBHIH X CH CaHHblX npHii.enoB oneHb npocTbi. Tam e npHuenbi MoryT ô tirb H3Totob- jieHU b jiioóom rap asee, rae hmoiotch ujiothhkh h Ky3- Heiíbi.
Upa
3aroTöBK0 nojio3beB h nonepeiHn cjieayeT nojib3o®aTbCH cyxHM MaTepaanoM h3 TBepaux nopoa aepeaa.SiKonaoarauHH caHHux npnaenoB uMeoT HeKOTopue cneaHtJiHqecKHe o c o ó e H H o c m CjieayeT yaHTUBaTb, hto
aasce npH KpaTKOopeMeiiHUX o cranoB K ax aBronoe3aa noao3bH npBMep3aioT k aopore, i r o npwBoaHT k nepe- rpy3K0 xpaiHCMHccHH npH nocaeayiomeM rporaHHH c MecTa, ^ ro ß b i HsSeiKaTb np m a p 3 amia, hooôxoâhmo
nepea ocraHOBKoft noHKjiaauBaTb noa cann aepeBUH- HHe (K3TKH.
T a 6 jihu a 4 P a c x o a 6eH3HHa «jih aBTOMOÖHaefl 3 H C -5 c caHHbiMH n p n u e n a M H Ha a e a a H o ft ą o p o r e
HopMa Ha 1 km
«faKTHHeCKHft
SKOHOMHa Ha 1 T-KM B %, OTHeeeiI-
ipaMHJiHH m oijiepa
n p oô era npn (JjaKTnaecKoft
p a c x o a Ha 1 km
naa K HopMe npn p a ôo îe aBTOMOÓHjia c KOJieCHbiM npHiie- npoôera, ji nOM C (ImKTHHeCKOH
Harpy3Ke, ji Harpy3Koft
0,623 0,518 16,8
0,462 0,395 14,4
0,500 0,402 19,6
0,510 0,431 15,5
Skohomhh Ha 1 T-KM B % , OTHe-
ceHHaa k Hopwe npH p a ô o ïe 3b to- moóhjm c HOpMaJib-
HOH Harpy3KOH
29,6 56.4 57,0 58.4
1 0
Phc. 4. AßTonoe3Ä oömeii rpy30n0flT,eMH0CTb!0 8 T B cocTaBe 6eH30B03a u caHHoro
»PHiíena c asyxia miCTepHaMH.
Cl CanHuft npnuen-poc- ycK, Hcnoab3yeMi.iñ a-'in ue- PeB03KH r p y 30B CBepxraóa- PHTHbix pa3Mep0B no cneái-
HbiM aoporaM .
aHH c raHoineHHhiMH noape3aMH ncwoabeB m y r 3a a®T0Mo6HaeM HeycToñnHBO h paoxaTHBaioTCH, ocoßeH- HO Ha n°BOpoTax. n p H pacKaTe eaHH yaapsnoTca o Bbicrynu oöönnHH, hto MOJxeT opwBecra k nojioMxe R^ 30Ba H ciienHoro ycTpOHCHBa. CBoeBpeMeHHaa 3a- MeHa noape3o® ycTpanaeT 9tot HeaocTaTox.
Ha CHejKHbix aoporax ot caHeñ nacxo HaÓHBaeTca oaea, ho CBoeBpeMeHHoe cpe3a»He nacra CHera rpeñ-
®paMH ycTpanaeT stot HeaocTaTox.
OHew” Pa6oTe aBTOlMö6Haa c nprnienoM Ha jieaaHHX u yBe ;íOP0irax’ «ecMOTpH «a aByx-TpexxparHoe JIH - ~ nojie3HOH HairpyaKH, He3HanHTeabHO yBe- hob1*336™ H3H<>C ^eTajieñ u arperaTOB upora® ycTa- P a*tieHHUX H0PM- H 3HMHee BpeMH, npn xoporaoM ra- H o iiH0M °®CJIy * HBaHHií (Tenjibix cTOHHKax, KaaecTBeH- 5llJIbCMar - CBO0BPeMeHHOlM o6cjiy>KH®aH'HH), aBTOMO1- HaHamíT 0Tai0IIlHñ c caHHUM npHuanoM, x a x npaBHao, mefl
,M enaeTC íI
n'p,H n Pol!HX paBHbix ycaoBíiax b MCHb-"PHUenoM ,6M aBT0M° ,6lML> paöoTaiomHH c xojiecHbiM 3aiKJI!OHaiO B JIeTHee BPeMH- OcHOBHbie npHTOHbl aroro nonaaaeT B CJieÄy i0IIieM: shmoh b aBHiraTejib He Ha r PyHTORHJIb’ ÎIBJ,[aIOIIla5,05, JieTOM HeH36e>KHUM 3JIOM mom Tmare^'b H rpaBHI"1HUX A °porax, aaxxe npn ca- ÄHHbie « cHeHOM ^ X° Äe 33 B03ÄyxooHHCTHTejieM; jie - HaMHOTO nvm* BHe JIOporH no «anecTBy noxpbiTHH
e rpyHTOBHX |H rpaBHHHblX aopor.
2*
JíeaHHbie a o p o n i na pexax npH cnoKOHHOM JieaocTaBe Bbiroano OT.iHnaiOTCB ot moccenubix ao po r OTcyT- cTBHeM noai>eMOB Ha Bcevt npoTajKCHHü (ecjiH iiex b m- esaoB Ha 6epera b iwecTax naJiexeñ h nepexaTo®) h ot- CyTCTBHeM BblÔOHH H HepOB- HocTeñ.
rioBbim eH Hafl H a rpy3 xa Ha ABHraTejib a TpaHCMHCCHio aBTOMO'ÖHJia o p n paÖOTe c npnuenoM TpeöyeT ot m o ^ e - pOB, peMOHTHHX paÖOHHX H Boero h >ken c p ko - Tex hh ncc ko r o nepcoiHaaa íioctojthho- ro c o a e p xa H H s aBTOMoÖHjiH b otjihhhom coctojjhhh, C 6e30TXa3H0 paCOTaiOIIIHMH MaCJIHHblM H B03- ayiHHblM MaHOMCTpaMH, TepMOMeTpOM H TCpMO- CTaTOM cHCTeMu oxjiaxxaenHH. OcoGeiuio Tmaxejib- Ho aBTOMoÓHjib aojdkoh oßcjiyjKHiBaTbcx Hepea BHXOaOM B peäc. EcjiH a'BTOMO'ÖHJIH, paÖOTaiO- mne 6e 3 npauenoB, HHoraa yKaaawBaiOTCH b HopMy paexoaa 6eH3HHa aasce npn HeyaoBaeTBopH- TeabHOM TexHHnecxoM coctohhhh, to aBTOMOÔHjib, pa- ßoTaiomHH c npHuenoM, M o x e r yjioxxHTbCH ® HopiMy pacxoaa TonjiHBa hjih aaTb sxohomhio Tojibxo npn OTAHHHOH peryaHipOBxe Bcex MexaHH3MOB H arperaTOB.
HarpyxeHHtJH aonraTejib BecbMa ny®CTBHTejieH x xa- necTBy ronjinBa h CMaaxa, x coctohhhio xaMep rope- HHH, k paßoTe cHcTeM oxjrajxaeHHH, 3ajKHraHiiH h t. a.
0 6 9T0M HHKoraa ne aoajKHbi 3a6uBaTb m oijiepu n ôpnraabi paóonnx, 3aHHMaiomHeca TexunnecxHM o6cn1 ' XKHBaHHeM H peMOHTOM aBTOMOÓHaeH.
Fio HauieiMy MHeHino, aaBHo Haapeaa HeoöxoaHMöcTb 3HanHTeabHoro pacuinpemiH npoH3BoacTBa jíccko.tbkhx
Tuno® npauenoB h noaynpHuenoB Ha xopoino o6opy- aoBaHHbix 3aBoaax. 9to 6yaeT cnocoöcTBOBaTb 6ojiee 9 c|)cj) exTH BHO My íicito a b 3 o ba h H10 pacTymero aBTOMO- 6nabHoro napxa, oco6eHno Ha Tex aoporax, rae 3a- nac MoiiTHocTH aBHraTeaa npn HopMaabHoñ Harpyaxe aBTOMOÖHJifl Hcnoab3yeTCíi b neaocxaTO'iHOH CTcneiiH.
11
npHHHHbi nepepacxoAa h mctoam skohomhh Macna
b
A B H r a T e J i H x TA3-51
Mhjic. JJ. J1EBM H U H M M A T
CMaaonHoe Macjio jy m aBTOMO&uibHHX flBHraTejieñ SBJiHeTCH oqenb neHHbiM nponyucroM mepepatScmcH He<ji- th, nosTOMy, HecMOTpa na to, hto b caóecTOHMocTH aBTOMoSHJibHux nepeB030K pacxoau Ha Macjio cocTaB- -JIHKJT iHe3HaHHT&7IbHyiO AOJIIO (1— 2 % ), SKOHOMHH ero HMeeT HOKJIIOHHTejIbHO BaHCHOe 3HaHGHHe. IllHipOiKO
;pa3BepHyBraeecH na aBTOTpaHonopTe cou hajihcthheckoe 'copeBHOBaHHe 3a KOMiuieKCHyio skohomhk) MaTepnajioB .flOJiHíHO npeaycMaTpHBaTb tíhokc h skohomhio Macea
¡U S aBHraTeJieii. OanaKO b Hacioamee BpeMH sTOMy Bonpocy eme He bo ecex aBTOxoaHHCTBax yaejiaeicH aOJTJKHOe BHHMaHHe.
í[jih ABaraTejieñ, oSopyaoBaHHHX MacncwjiHJibTpaMK tohkoh ohhctkh Macna- h He ¡npomeasoiHx xainHTajibHoro peMOHTa, HOpMa pacxoH.a Macna yCTaHOBJieita b ipa3- Mepe 3,5% ot nopMbi pacxo.ua Tonjiasa. ,Ujih HBHra- Tejieñ, opomep¡HiHX KanHTaJibHHH peMOHT, OHa ycTa- HOBjieHa b pa3Mepe 4,5%. np'UMeHHTejibHo k HBHraTe- jiio PA3-51, He npomeameMy kanhtambho ro peMOHTa, sra HopMa ipaiBHa 0,93 ji/100 k m ( Hopma pacxo.ua Ton- jiHBa 26,5 ji/100 k m).
EcJIH exporo pyKO'BOHCTBOBaTbCH HHCTpyKU.HeH Fopb- KOBCKoro aBToaaBojia h m. M ojioroB a h npn nojiMOBa- HHH 3BTOJIOM 6 HJIH 10 (a He MaiHHHHblM MaCJIOM C i ) 3aMeHHTb OTpa6oTaBHiee Macjio nepe3 KajKHbie 750 km npoSera aBTOMofíHJia, to na s r y onepanHio CyneT H3- pacxoAOBaHo Bce Macjio, rio.;io>KeHiioe no Hopivic, h hjih HOjihbok, Heo6xop,HMbix b npone-cce SKcnjioaiam iH, Ma
cjia He ocTaHeTCH.
B aBTOXOSHHCTBaX nOJIb3ylOTCH OSUHHO aBTOJIOM 10 hjih 6, ho OTpaSoTaBHiee Macjio 3aMeHHK>T cbsjkhm nepe3 1500— 2000 km npoSera. KaK noKa3ajm cne- HHajibHue HccjiejíOBaHHH, npoBea.eHHue b U,H H H A Te, cMeHa Macna b flBuraTejiHX TA3-51, naxonam iixcn b y^OBJieTBOpHTejIbHOM TéXHHHeiCKOM COICTOHHHiH, ilTOCJie yKa3aHHbix Bbirne npoOeroB BiiojiHe nonycTHMa. JXa * e npH pafioTe HBHraTeJia Ce3 MacjiocJiH.ibTpa tohkoh ohhctkh, yxyameHHe cbohctb Macjia 3a stot nepHon eme He BH3biBaeT noBbtmeHHH hht©hchbhocth h3hocob
¿.eTajieñ h n p y ra x BpenHbix nocneflerBHH *.
B H.3HHOM cjrynae, npn 3anpaBOHHOñ eMKOCTH MacJifl- hoh cHCTeMH 7 ji, hjih 3aMeHH oTpa6oTaBmen> Macjia TpeSyeTCH 0,47— 0,35 ji/100 k m, a ahh aoóaBJienHH B3aMeH otctoh h rpH3Horo Macjia, cjiHBaeMoro nepe3 1000 km npO'Gera h-3 KopnycoB iMacjio^HJibTpoB rpySoñ h tohkoh ohhctkh, eme 0,8 ji Macjia. OCmHñ paexo^
1 Gm. mypH. «ABTOMoéHJib» J\b 4, 1950 r. H. Bpy- cHHueB h JX,. JIcbhh. Bjihhhh6 CTeneHH h3HomeHHOCTH aBHraxeJiH Ha epoKH cmchh cMa30HHoro Macjia.
Macjia eocTaBHT 0,55— 0,43 ji/100 k m, hjih 41— 54%>
no OTHomeHHio k HopMe paexofla Macjia. OcTaBuiancíi nacTb MoaceT 6h t b H3pacxo«OBaHa Ha excAheBHbie AOJIHBKH.
TaKHiM o6,pa30M, hto6h yjiOKHTbcn b ycTaHOBJieHHyio flopMy, HyHCHo pacxoAOBaTb Ha e>KeAHeBHue aojihbkh jy ia KOMneHcauHH y ra p a h noTepb Macjia He óojiee 0,38 ji/100 k m ,npn cMeHe Macjia nepe3 1500 km npo- 6era h hb l6ojiee 0,50 ji/100 km npn CMeHe Macjia ne- pe3 2000 k m npo6era.
í ’aiKTH'ieOKH IB pH^e aBT0'X03HHCTB KOJIHH6CTBO MaC- jia, ipacxoflyeMoro na emejiHeRHbie jiojuhbkh, cocTaB- jineT b opeflHeM n o >6ojibmoMy KOJiHnecTBy 3Btomo6h- jich 3a .HjiirrejibHbiH np o6er 0,9— 1,2 ji/100 k m, a pac- XOJl Macjia OT^ejIbHUMH ,H3HOmeHHUMH aBTOMoCHJIHMH 3HaHHTejibHd npeBbimaeT cpe^Hiie aaHHue.
OóbiHHO, npH oTcyrcTBHH noATexaHiiH qepe3 ynJioTHe-
khh KapTepa, yrap Macjia yBejiHHHBaeTca no iMepe H3- noca flBHraTejiH. H3Hoc hhjihhapob, h ocoCeimo H3Hoc nopmHeBHX KOJieu; u KaHaBOK b nopmHe, BH3MBaeT 3HanHTejibHoe yBejiHneHHe KOJraqecTBa Macjia, nona- aaiomero’ H3 KapTepa ® KaMepy cropaHHH jiiBHraTejiH.
P acxo^ Macjia BoapacTaeT h b cjiynae npnropaHHH Konen, 3aKORCOBbiBaHHH npope3eñ b MacJiooisonHOM KOJibue h cBepjieHHH b nopmHe njih OTBona Mac:ia.
Ha paoxon; Macna oKaaneaeT BJiHHHHe Tanme h3hoc
Ph c. 1. P acxoa Macjia Ha aoJiHBKH b n B H ra ie jib F A 3-51 b 33BHCHMOCTH ot n p oó era aBTOMOÓHHH c nanajia
9KcnaoaTan,HH.
meen h BKjiaAHmeH nojimHnHHKOB KonemiaToro Bajía, BCJiencTBHe TO'ix), hto npH 'Sojibmnx 3a30pax M exny hhmh, Cojibmee KOJinnecTBO Macna BUTeKaeT qepe3 TOpnH ¡H 3a6paCHBaeTCH Ha CTeHKH UHJIBHflpOB.
B KanecTBe npHMepa yBejnweHHH paexona Macna Ha noJiHBKH jum KOMneHcauHH ero yrap a h n p y rn x noTepb no Mepe H3Hoca «BHraTejiH, Ha pnc. 1 npHBen^iibi co- oTaeTCTByiomHe naHHbie n o onHOMy sKonepHMeHTajib- HOMy aBTOMo6HJiio FA3-51 (no MaTepnajiaiM 11.HHHAT).
K an bhaho H3 rpatjiHKa, paexon Macjia Ha aojihbkh
B nepnoj, pafioTbi ABHrareAH Ha nepBOM KownjieKTe nopuiHeBbix KOJiep Hanaa pe3Ko B03pacTaTb nocjie npo- era aBTOMofiHjieM 30 Tbic. k m h k 40 Tbic. km aoctht
^.85 Jl/100 KM (H3HOC UHJIHHAPOB ABHraTejIH K tbic. km raposera cocTaBjiaji okojio 0,17 mm b Bepx- HeM n05!ce). li p a 9tom ea'Sjno^ajiiHcb 3HaaHTejibHbie noATeKaHHH Macjua H3 ynjioraeHHH Kaprepa h rHe3Aa PacnpeaejiHTejiH 3axHraHHH. Ilo c jie CMeHbi nopmHeBbix g eií pacxoA Macjia Ha aoahbkh chhbhjich ao
Ji/100 k m h CHOBa 'B03poc k 65 Tbic. km npoSera 0,99 ji/100 k m.
f ljiH BbiHBjieHHH bahhhhh peMOHTHbix pafioT na pac- x ° A M acjia ABHrareAb yKa3aHHoro Bbirne aBTCMoSHJiH o tiA HcnbiTaH Ha creHAe: 1) ao peMOHTa; 2) nocjie MeHbi nopraiHeBbix KOJiep, ho ao CMeHbi BKJiaAbimeH
“ aTyHHbix noAHiHnHHKOB (npH cpeAfleM 3a3ope M ew ay aTyHHbiMH iueñKaMH KoaeHaaToro Bajía h BEJiaabima- m!e" paBHOM 0>12—0,15 m m) ; 3) n o c jie cmchu BKJiaAbi-
„ „ H „ pH 3a3oP0 MewAy HieñKaMH Bajía h noAüiHnHH- KaMH 0,04—0,06 m m).
POCTl ^ JIbTaTbI 9THX HCHblTaHHH, TlpOBeAGHlHblX npH CKO- h «hoiah^ ™ * KOJl; maTOr° B3Jla 1600 06/MHH- aiBTOMofiw 19 C' 11X0 COOTB,eTCTByeT ABHJKeHHIO c nnn m ° ,no,,IH0* Harpy3Koií n o poBHoñ Aopore B TaSA 7 “ ? CKOpoCTbI° 40 npraseAe,™
»»“ a “ y “ “ P™
T a 6 jih ra a 1 y r a p M a c jia b ABHraTerae TA 3-51 npra p a g o T e e r o
Ha CTeHAe a o h n o c a e peM O H ta
TexHHqecKoe cocTOHHHe
^BHraiejiH
PacxoA Macjia
b r/aac
B % K pacxoay TonjiHBa
H3HomeHHbiH, nocjie npofiera 42 TbIC. K M ...
Tot ace ABHraTeab:
a) nocjie CMeHbi nopuiHeBbix
192 4,02
K O jie u ...
6) nocjie CMeHbi nopniHeBbix Koaei; h BKjiaAbmieii maiyH- HblX nOAHIHnHHKOB Konenna-
96 2,07
Toro Bajía ... 55 1,16 HoBbiii o6KaTaHHbifl ABraraTejib 15-35 0 ,3—0,7
H 3 AaHHbix Tafia. 1 caeAyeT, hto cMena nopniHeBbix Kojiei; c oahobpomchhoh ohihctkoh ot Harapa KaHaBOK h cBepaeHHH b nopiniHe cHHJKaeT pacxoA Macjia BABoe.
riocrae CM6HH BKAaAbmieñ noAJirarannraKOB KOAeHHaroro aana npoHcxoAHT AaJibHeHinee cHHHceHHe pacxoAa Mac- Jia. ÜAHaKO AOBecTH pacxoA Macjia ao eeAHHHHbi, cooTBeTCTByromeH HOBOMy ABHraTeAio, He npeACTaB- AHeTCH BOBMOiJKHHM, TEK KaK AHJIHHApbl ABHraTejífl npn TaKOM peMOHTe He pacTaraHBaioTCH.
