nPOJltTAPMM BCEX CTPAH, COEflHHaflTECbS
M O C K B A
H3fl8TeJibCT0O «nPABAA»
1950
npoAeTapuu ecex crpan, coedunnUrecbl T E O P E T H HECKHH H n O / I M T H S E C K H H
H f y P H A J I HK BK(1(6]
--- y—
X X V I roa H3«aHHS) Anpec peaaKUHM:
MocKBa, JleHMHrpaflCKoe
mocee, y/i. «npaBpbi», 24.
Ten. fi 3-36-38.
C o A e p m a H H e
FIEPEAOBA51 — HeoaoMMOe flBH*eHHe ctopohhhkob MHpa . . . . 1 n. H. noenEJTOB— rioa BejiHKHM h HenoSeaHMbiM 3HaMeHeM JleHHHa —
OajiHHa — k Top*ecTBy KOMMyHH3Ma. AoKJiaa 21 HHBapa 1950 roaa na TopjKecTBBHHO-TpaypHOM 3aceaaHHH b Mockbc, nocBameHHOM XXVI roaoBiUHHe co ahh CMepTH B. H. JleHHHa . . 12 n. HEPEMHblX — PacuBei couna jihcthhcckoh aeMOKpaTHK b CCCP . 25 A. OPJIOB — HaeHHoe h opraHH3auH0HHoe yitpenjieHHe KOMMyHHCTHie-
CK HX H p a S O H H X n a p T H H C T paH H apO A H O H a e M O K p a T H H . . . . . 39 KOHCyjIbTAUHÍl
A. K O C T H H — fleMOKpaTHHecKHÜ peHTpajiH3M — He3bi6aeMhiñ 33koh
napTHHHOH ... .... . « 53 KPHTHKA H EMEJIHOrPA<l>H51
B. Ky3HEU,OB — Bojiuyiomnii aoKyMeHT GopbGbi . . . 64
H e o A O J i H M o e # B H 3 K e H n e c t o p o h h h k o b M H p a
Bch coBpeMeHHan HCTOpHHecKan oócTaHOBKa, cjiOKHBmasica b pe3yjib- TaTe BTOpOH MHpOEOH BOHHbl, HOBOe COOTHOIUeHHe CHJ1 Ha MeJKAyHapOAHOÍi apeHe CBHAerejibCTByioT o peajibHoñ bo3mo>khocth ajih ctopohhhkob MHpa copBarb npecTynHbie 3aMbicjibi noA nairaTejieñ boh hbi. 3 ra B03MO>KHOCTb 3a- JIOHieHa B HenpepbIBHOM pOCTe ABH>KeHHH CTOPOHHHKOB MHpa — ABHJKeHHH, onHpaiom erocH «a M orym ie c h jih jia re p n AeMOKpaTHH h copHajiH3Ma bo rjiaB e C BejIHKHM COBeTCKHM C01O30M.
CoBeTCKHH C0103 aoctht h o bh x, 3HaHHTejibHbix ycnexoB BO Bcex OÓJia- CTHX COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOTO HapOAHOTO X03HHCTB3 H KyjIbTypbl, yKpenJIHH TeM CaMblM A6A0 3aiAHTbI MHpa. CoOÓIAeHHe Ii,eHTpajIbHOrO CTaTHCTHHeCKOI’O ynpaBjieHHH npn CoBeTe Mhhhctpob CCCP 06 HTorax BbinojiHeHHH rocyAap- CTBeHHOTO njia-Ha BOCCTaHOBAeHHH H p33BHTHH HapOAHOTO X03HHCTBa CCCP
b 1949 roAy HBJineTCH HeonpoBep>KHMbiM AOKa33TeJibCTBOM HOBoro MOIAHOTO noAT.eMa «am ero HapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa, pa3B«BaiomerocH «a ochobc pacmn- peHuoro co«HajiHCTn«ecKoro BOcnpoH3BOACTBa. riocjieBoeHHaH CTajiHHCKasi IlHTHJieTKa BbiriOJIHHeTCH AOCpOHHO. yBeJIHHeHHblH npaBHTejlbCTBOM CCCP «a ocHOBe AajibHeñmeH Mo6HAH3a«HH pe3epBOB njiaH 1949 roAa BbinojmeH b
uejiOM no npoMbimjieHHOCTH na 103%. BajiOBan npoAyKUHH Bceñ npoMbim- AeHHOCTH CCCP Bbipocjia no cpaBHeHíno c 1948 toaom Ha 20% , a no cpaBHe-
h h k) c AOBoeHHbiM 1940 toaom — na 41% ; k Kormy 1949 roAa BbinycK Bajio- Boñ npoAyKAHH npoMbimjieHHOCTH npeB3oméA ypoBeHb, ycTaHOBAeHHbiñ nHTH-
2 nE P E /JO B A JI
JI6THHM ruiaHOM na 1950 toa. BaJiOBaH npOAyKHHH coHnaAiiCTHHecKoro cejib- CKoro xo3HHCTBa b MHHysmeM roAy npeBbjcijAa b pejjOM ypoBeHb AOBoeHHoro iy4U rQ^ a; BajI0B0B ypQJKañ sepHOBbix KyjibTyp — 7,6 MHjijmapAa nynoB — npeB3oméJi ypoBeHb 1940 roAa h nonra aoctut pa3MepOB, ycTaHOBneHHbix nsTHAeTHiiM nAaiiOM na 1950 toa. Ebipocna nucnenHOCTb phóohhx h cnyjKa- AlHX B HapOAHOM X03HHCTBe CCCP. HOBblCHAOCb fínarO'COCTOHHiie tpvahiuhxch
Macead,HaHHTeAbHO Bbipoc HaHHOHaAbHblH AOXOA CCCP.
CoBeTCKnñ napoA AeMOHCTpHpyeT riepeA bccm mhpom CBoé Mopanbíio-no- AHTHHeGKOe eAHHCTBO, CBOK) CHAOHéHHOCTb BOKpyr napTHH JleHHHa— CTaAHHa.
ÜOAroTOBKa k npeACTOHiHHM BbióopaM b BepxoBi-ibiH CoBeT CCCP nponcxo- AHT B oócTanoBKe orpoMHoro naTpHOTHHecKoro noA-béMa. CoBeTCKnñ HapoA c H0B° H CI1JI0ñ npoHBjiaeT 6e33aBeTnyio Aio6oBb h npeAaHHoeTb coHHaAHCTHHe- CTaAH-iy111116’ nap™ H 6ojIbtueBHKOB. cBoeMy reHHa.abHOMy bohíaio— TOBapumy
^MHpOAKtóHBaH CTaAHHCKaH BHeiHHHH nOAHTHKa CoBeTCROTO Coi03a, rnyooKo npHHUHnHaAhHaH h HOCAeAOBaTeAbuaH, HBAíiexcíi KpynHeíimiiM djaK- TopoM yKpennenHH narepn Mapa h AeMOKpaxHH. EopbQa 3a npoHubm Miip n cyBepeHHocTb HapoAOB, cocTaBAsnowaH rjiaBHoe coAepmaHHe ct3ahhckoh BneuiHeñ fioahthkh CCCP. BbiTeKaeT H3 cawoH npHpoAbi, H3 caMoro cyme- ciBa coBeTOKoro coHHaAneTHHecKo.ro CTpon. Ham a cxpaHa, k h k y.Ka3biBaeT To3apHHj, CTaAHH, «cnocoóaa Becra h AeñcTBHTeAbHo bcact noAHTHKy MHpa BeneT ee He (papnceñcKH, a necTHo h OTKpbrro, pemnreAbHO h nocneAOBa-
TeAbHO». *
ToBapHIH, CTaAHH HeOAI-IOKpaTHO nQAHepKHBaA, HTO COTpyAHHHeCTBO Me>K- Ay CCCP H CTpanaMH KanHTanH3Ma, HecMOTpH Ha pa3AHHHe hx HKOHOMiine-
ckhx chctcm, BnoAHe bo3moíkho. B 6eceAe c AeHTeAeM pecnyÓAHKaHCKoñ nap
THH C H IA ^TacceHOM TOBapniu, CTaAHH, yxa3aB, hto Bnepebie MbicAb o co- TpVAHHHeCTBe AByX CHCTeM 6bIAa BbICKa3a'Ha B. W. JleHHHblM, 3aHBHA: «Mbl HHKorAa He OTCTynanH h ne OTCTynHm ot yK33aHHH JleHHHa».
B ceHTa6pe 1946 roña, OTBeqaH Ha Bonpoc mockobckofo KoppecnoH- Achth aHrAHHCKOH ra 3eTbi «CaHAeñ TañMc» Bepxa o t o m, ne yMenbmaTCH AH^BOSMOJKHOCTH MHpHOrO COTpyAHHHeCTBa C BHeUJHHM MIipOM B CBH3H c Aanb- HeiíHiHM ABHHíeHHeM COBeTCHOTO CoK)3a K KOMMyHH3My, nOCKOAbKy 3T0 Ka- caeTCH CoBeTCKoro Coioaa, TOBapnm CTaAHH cxasaA: « 3 ne coMHeBaiocb, hto
B03M0HÍH0CTH MHpHOrO COTpyAHHHeCTBa líe TOAbKO He yMeHbmaTCH a moi'vt
A3H<e yBeAHHHTbCH». ’ J
B fíeceAe c t-hom 3aahotom PysBenbTOM b AeKaópe 1946 roAa TOBapnm raAHH 3asiBHA: «B caMbie HaripHHíéHHbie BpeMena b nepnoA b o h h h P33a h- 1IHH B (popMe npaBAeHHH He noMemaAH HaiuHM AByM CTpanaM o6t>cahhHTbch h nooeAHTb HaiHHx BparoB. Eme B óoAbmeá CTeneHH bosmotkho coxparieHHe 3THX OTHOUieHHH B MHpHOe BpeMfl».
B anpeAe 1947 roAa TOBapnin CTaAHH roBopriA r-Hy CTacceHy: « ^ah
COTpyAHHHeCTBa He TpeóyeTcn, htoSh napoAbi hm c ah OAHuaKOByio CHCTeMy.
rlyjKHO yBamaTb CHCTeMbi, OAo6peHiibie napoAOM. Toabko npn stom ycaobhh
B03MOJKHO COTpyAHHHeCTBO».
OTBeT TOBapuma CTaAHHa b Mae 1948 roAa na OTKpbiToe nncbMo r-Ha yOAAeca HBHACH KOHKpeTHOH nporpaMMOH MHpHOFO yperyAHpOBaiíHH P33HO- TAacHH Me>KAy CCCP H C H IA . H a Becb MHp npo3ByHan cnoKOHHbiñ h TBépAbiH
toaoc rAaBbi CoBeTCKoro npaBHTeAbCTBa BeAHKoro CTaAHHa, 3aHBHBmero:
«...1 IpaBHTeAbCTBO CCCP CHHTaeT, HTO HeCMOTpH Ha p33AHHHe SKOHOMHHeCKHX CHCTeM h HAeoAorHH, cocymecTBOBaHHe hthx chctcm h Miipnoe ypervAHpoBa- HHe pa3HornacHH MeníAy CCCP h C IIIA He TOAbKO bosm ojkhm, ho ii 6e3ycnoB-
ho HeoSxoAHMbi b HHTepecax Bceoómero MHpa».
B HHBape 1949 roAa reHepaAbHbin eBponejiCKiiH AHpeKTop aMepHKaHCKO- ro areHTCTBa «HHTepHOHmHA Kbroa cepBnc» r-p K>iHrc63pn Cmht oSparaACH ií TOBapnmy CTaAKHy c BonpocaMH: «ByAeT a h ripaBHTenbCTBO CCCP toto- bo paccMOTpeTb Bonpoc 06 ony6a h kobahhh coBMecTuoñ c ripaBHTeAbCTBQM
nEPEflOBAH 3
Coe^HnéHHbix IIlTaTOB AnepuKH .neKJiapaUHH, noATBep>KAaiomeñ, hto hh tq,
hh Apyroe npaBHTejibCTBa He HMeioT HaMepeHHH npn6erHyTb k Boírae A pyr npoTHB Apyra?» h «By^eT jjh ripaBiiTejibCTBO CCCP totobo npogeCTH cqb- MeCTHO c IIpaBI-ITeJlbCTBOM CoeAHHéHHblX IIlTaTOB AMepiIKH MepOnpHHTHfl, HanpaBjieHHhie k oeyni,ecT¡;jieiin!o stoto na icra M apa, TaKHe Kan n o c T e n e H -
H^ e pa3opy*eHHe?». ToBapnip Cthahh OTBexHA, ato «CoBeTCKoe npaBii- leJibCTBo totobo óbiao 6bi paccMOTpeTb Bonpoc 06 qny6jjhkqb a hhh t3koh
HeKJiapauHH», h Aajiee: «PaayMeeTCH, npaBHTejibCTBo CCCP mobíio 6bi co- TPyAHHHaTb C ripaBHTejlbCTBOM CoeAHHeHHblX IIlTaTOB AMepHKH p npoBeAe- H«H MeponpHHTHH, KOTopbie nanpaBJieHbi na ocymecTBAeHHe IlaKTa M upa h
BSfíyy <K nocTenenKOMy pa3opyjK9HHiQ».
CoBeTCKHH Coio3 bcaüt HevcTannyio 6opb6y 3a coKpain,e«Hfi Boopy>Ke- h h h, 3anpem,eHHe axoMHoro opyníHH, 3a npoHHbift MHp.
Pío nopyqeHHio CoBeTCKoro iipa;une.:ibCTBa aeJierauHg CoBexcKoro Coio- 3a Ha aeTBépTOH cecean FeHepajibHoij accaMÓJien OpraHH3au,HH 06'beAHHéH- Hbix Hau,HH b oeHTHÓpe— Aeiía6pe 1949 roAa BHecAa pha npeA-aoHíeHHH no yKpenjieHHio m Jia MHpa. CoBeTCKaH aeJierauna npeaJio>KHJia, htoóm TeHe- pajibHaa aceaMÓJiea ocyAHAa BeayuiyíocH b pane cipaH, b ocoóeHHQCTH b
CoeAHHéHHbix UlTaxax h BeAHKoSpHTanHH, noAroTOBicy iioboh bohhm, Bbipa- jKaroipyHacH b noompHeMoñ npaBHTeabctbamh sthx cxpaH nponaraHAe BOHHbi,
b roHKe BoopyjKeHHH, b pa3AyaaHHH BoeHHbix SioAaceTOB, b co3ahhhh mhotq- HHCAeHHblX BOfiHHblX, BQeHHO-MOpCKHX H B0eHH0-BO3AyHJHbIX 6a3 Ha TeppHTO- PHhx A p y n ix c ip a s , b opraHH3au,HH Boei-iHbix 6aokob rocyAapcTB, npecjjeAyio-
iiíh x arpeccHBHbie hcah b OTHomeHHH MHpoAiofíHBbix AeMOKpaTHHecKHx CTpaH.
CoBexcKaH AeJierauna npeAAoxíHJia, HToóbi reHepaAbHaa accaMfíAen npn- 3HajIa npoTHBopeHauj,HM coBecni ib necra napoAOB h HecoBMecniMbiM c npn- HaAJiejKHOCThlO K OpraHH3aHHH 06'beAHHéHHbIX HaUMH HCnOAb3QBaH!ie aiOM- Horo o pyjK iia h A pyrH x cpeACTB MaccoBoro yHHHTOBceHHH Alosen h htoShi UOTieAHHéHHblMH HaUHHMH ÓblAJi npHHHTbl HpaKTHHeCKHe Mepbl IJO 6e3yCA0B- HOMy 3anpem;eHHio axoM noro opyxíHH h no ycTaHOBAeHHio cooTBeTCTByiomero c rp o ro ro M ejKsyHapaAHoro kohtpoah. CoBeTCKan AeA eranufl e n m a s a Heo6xo- AHMbiM, HTOóbi FeHepaAbHaH aceaMÓAea, iím&h b b iia y, tlT0 rJiaBHyio OTBex- ciBeHHOCTb 3a noAAepHíanne Me^KAyHapoAHOro MHpa h 6e3onacHOCTH HecyT nHTb Aep>K3B — nOCTOHHHblX HJieHOB CoBeTa 6e30naCH0CTH, eAHHOAyHJHO Bbipa3Hjia noKeAaHHe, hto6h CoeAHHéHHbie IÜTaTbi, BeAHKoQpiiTaHHH, KHTañ,
•PpaHUMH tH CoBeTCKHH C0IO3 OÓ'h&P.HHHJlH C 3T0Í1 UeAblO CBOH yCHAHH H 3a- kaíohhah Me>KAy cofioHD naK T no yKpenAenHK) Milpa.
3th npeAJioHxeHHH CoBeTCKoro Coi03a, nax h anaAoraqHbie npeAJfojKeuiiH Ha npeAtiAymHX ceccnax reHepaAbHoñ accaMfíAen, BCTpeTHAH ynopHoe conpo- THBJieHHe co CTopoHbi aHrAO-aMepHKaHeKoro CoAbHu-mcTBa b O O H.
CoBeTCKHH HapOA HeOAHOKpaTHO 33HBAHA, HTO CCCP npOTHB (BOeHHblX aBaHTiop, 3a Apy»iecTBeHHbie OTHomeHHH c ApyrHMH CTpaHaMH, 3a MHpHoe copeBHOBaniie c KamiTaAH3MOM.
BeAimafimne npeHMymecTBa couHaAHCTHHecKoro ctpoh nepeA KanuTaAH- CTHHeCKHM ÓblAH AOKa3aHbI H B TOAbl MHpa H B TOAbl SOHHbl. CoBeTCKHH HapOA He OOHTCH MHp HOTO C0peBH0B3HHH C KanHT3AH3MOM H peiHHTeAbHO BbICTynaeT npoTHB bohhbi, b 3ainHTy MHpa. He cTpaiHHbi MoryneMy CoBeTCKOMy Coio3y
h npoHCKH noA>KHraTeAeH bohhbi: hc.t b MHpe raKOií chaw, KOTOpaH MorAa 6bi noBepHyTb narn napoA BcnnTb, na3aA k KanHTaAH3My.
CoBeTCKHH C 0103 ne oahhok b 3aiu,HTe MHpa bo BceM Miipe. BMecTe c COBeTCKHM CoK)30M OTCTaHBaiOT 3TO npaBOe AeAO CTpaHbl HapOAHOñ AeMO- KpaxHH B bBporie h A3hh. FlapoAHbie Maccu pHAa cxpan EBponbi h Abhh cnAO- THAHCb BOKpyr CBOHX HapOAHO-AeMOKpaTHHeCKHX npaBHTeAbCTB, BOKpyr CBOHX KOMMyHHCTHHeCKHX H paéoHHX HapTHH IB eAHKOM CTpeMAeHHH nOMeUiaTb HMne- pHajiHCTHHecKHM XHiu,HHKaM pa3BH3aTb HOByio BoíiHy. B jiarepe SopnoB 33 MHp, B 03 r A a B A H C M O M CoBeTCKHM CoiOSOM, HaXOAHTCH HeAblH PHA POCyAa pCTB t
b HBpone lIü A b m a , H exocjioBairaa. BeH rpüíi, PyMbiHHH, BoArapHH h AaÓ3-
4 nE P E A O B A H
hhh; b A3h h— MoHroJibCKaH HapoAHaa pecnyÔAHKa, KopeficKaa HapoAHO- ÄeMOKparaqecKaa pecnyÔAHKa, HapoAHaa pecnyÔAHKa KnTaa. CCCP h Apy- m e rocyAapcTBa b Eßpone h A3hh, 3aiH,Hmarom,He aoao MHpa, HacqHTHBaioT O KOJI0 800 MHAAHOHOB HacejieHHH.
Ha npHMepe CoBeTCKoro Coio3a h cxpaH HapoAHoñ AeMOKpaTHH TpyAfl- iuneca BHOBb h BHOBb yôeiKAaiOTca, hto tojibko cou,HajiH3M rapaHTiipyeT hm
Map h H30aBJieHHe ox HMnepnajiHCTHqecKoro ruëTa. üoaTOMy 6opb6a HapOA- HHX Macc npOTHB HOBofi bo hhh, HaBHCiiieH HaA aejiOBeqecTBOM, opraHnqecKH CJIHBaeTCH C ÖOpbÖOH 3a AOMOKpaTHIO H COU,HajIH3M.
IlojiHTHaecKoe h SKOHOMHaecKoe yKpenjieHHe CTpaH HapoAHoñ ACMOKpa- THH, ycneuiHoe hx npoABiOKemie BnepëA no n y ra coßHaAHCTHqecKoro CTpOH- TejibCTBa — sto KpynHeñuiHñ (JiaKTop, ynpenAaromHö chah MHpa.
rioHCTHHe BaîKHefimyio poAb HrpaeT b yxpenAeuHH Aarepa MHpa h acmo- KpaTHH HCTopHÀecKaH n o ô e A a KHTañcKOH H a p o A H o ñ p e B O A io u n n HaA o ô b e A H - HßHHbiMH CHA3MH BHyTpeHHeö peaKUHH h aMepHKaHCKoro HMnepH3AH3Ma, o6pa30BaHHe HapoAHoñ pecnyÖAHKH KHTaa. C noóeAofi KHTañcKoro HapoAa, noAptiBaiomeñ ycTOH HMnepHaAH3Ma b A3hh, HaHßOHaAbHO-ocBoöoAHTeAbHaa 6opb6a HapoAOB A3hh h Bcero KOAOHnaAbHoro MHpa noAHHAacb Ha HOByio, 3HaqHTeAbHo ßoAee BbicoKyio crynenb.
riepB O C T eneH H oe 3HaneHHe A Jia 3aiH H Tbi MHpa HMeeT o6pa30BaHHe Tep- MaHCKOH A eM O K p am ne cK O H mhpoaioôhboh pe c n y ö A H K H , KOTOpoe, K a n y K a 3 a A TO B apH m C/raAHH, HBAHeTCH nOBOpOTHblM nyiHKTOM B HCTOpHH Eßponbl. H a A H - H lie MHpOAIOÖHBOH nOAHTHKH PepM ailCKO H ACMOKp3THqeCKOH pecnyÖ A H K H H apHA V c MHpOAIOÖHBOH nOAHTHKOH CoBeTCKOTO C o i0 3 a , HMeiOLUeH COHyBCTBHe h noA A ep>K K y HapoAOB E ß p o n b i, o ö eo ne qH B a eT aêao M Hpa b E ß p o n e .
HapoAbi nepecTaAH 6biTb naccHBHHMH h totobh 3kthbho 3amnmaTb acao
MHpa. ÊnepBbie b hctophh qeAOBeqecTßa bo3hhk opraHK30BaHHHH (JjpoHr MHpa, B03rA3BAHeMbIH C0B6TCKHM C0K)30M — OnAOTOM H 3HaMeH0CHeM MHpa BO BC6M MHpe. 3t0 OTpOMHOe ABHJKe-HHe COBpeMeHHOCTH OXBaTblBaeT COTHH MHAAHOHOB AIOAefi (})H3HqeCKOrO H yivICTBeHHOrO TpyAa, He33BHCHM0 OT HX paCOBOH H HailHOHaAbHOH npHHaAAeiKHOCTH, OT HX nOAHTHqeCKHX B033peHHH
h peAHrH03Hbix BepoBamiH. Oho BKAionaeT b ceöa Bee AeMOKparaqecKHe npo(J)coio3bi, a TaK>ne co3AamiiHecH nocAe bohhh MHoroMHJiAHOHHue acmo- KpaTHqecKiie opraHH3am-in ikchihhh, moaoaöjkh, AeirreAeä KyAbTypbi.
HapOAbl He XOTHT BOHHbl H H6HaBHA3T eë. HapOAbl BCë ÖOAbHie C03H3IOT, B Kaxyro CTpaiunyio nponacrb nbiTaiOTCH hx TOAKHyTb HMnepHaAHCTHqecKHe
x h iah h kh. HapoAH CHHTaiOT TarqaHiuHM npecrynAeHHeM npoTHB qeAOBeqecTBa noAroTOBKy h pa3BH3biBaHHe hoboh bo h h h; ohh 6ecnom,aAHO ocyAHT, Kan BeAHqaüuiHX npecTyriHHKOB, Tex, kto npHMeHHT aTOMHoe opyarne h Apyrne cpeACTBa MaccoBoro yiiHAToaieHHa akiach.
B 3anaAHOH E ß p o n e n a p o A H b ie Macen He AaiOT ceöa oAypaqHTb a M e p n - K3HCKHM nOAJKHraTeAHM BOHHbl H HX nOCOÖHHKaM. H a p O A b l nOHHMaiOT, HTO aMepHKaHCKHH HMnepH3AH3M, npeTeHAyioiHHH Ha MiipoBoe rocnoAC TBO , p a c - cqHTbiBaeT HcnoAb30BaTb MOAOAëxcb hx cTpan b KanecTBe nymeqHoro Maca.
H b caMOH AMepHKe npocTbie a io ah, nonpeKH ycHAeHHO pa3AyßaeM0S BOeHHOH HCTepHH, TaKHie HaqHHaiOT nOHHMaTb, HTO eCAH 6bl 3aqHHUlHKaM bohhh ypaAOCb cnpoBonnpoBaTb HOByio öohhio, to BOHHa npHHecAa 6h h m, npOCTHM AIOAHM, AHUIb CMepTb Ha 330KeaHCKHX nOAHX CpaHieHHH, HTO BOHHa npnuiAa 6bi h Ha aMepHKaHCKHH kohthh6HT, Heca c coöoh pa3pymeHHH h th- 6eAb OT COBpeMeilHblX ÖOMÖapAHpOBOK. «CaHHJKOM HCHBH B n a MHTH HapoAOB yjKacbi HeAaBHen bohhh k cahihkom bcahkh oömecTBeuHbie c h a h, cTOHinne 3a MHp, qToöbi yqeHHKH ^íepqHAAa no arpeccHH motah hx oAOAcrb h noBepHy-rb B CTOpOHy HOBOH BOHHbl» (H . C T a A H II) .
HarAHAHbiM noKa3aTeAeM Toro, hto HapoAHbie M a c e n 6epyT abao 3aui;H- Tbl MHpa B COÔCTBeHHbie pyKH, CAy>KHT ABHACeHHC CTOpOHHHKOB MHpa, paC- CMaTpHBaroui.ee CoBeTCKiiH C o ro 3 Kau rAaBHyro cboio onopy h HaAOKAy.
HmH BeAHKOrO CTaAHHa HBAHeTCH 3H3MeHeM 6opb6bI MHAAHOHOB npo-
cthx AioAeü bo BcëM.MHpe 3a MHp, 3a ACMOKpaTHio, 3a COAH3AH3M. ToBapum
n E P E flO B A H 5
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nocAeBoeHHbiH nepnoA, KOMnapTHH hbahiotch nepeAOBbiMH SopnaMii na xkiib- HeHHbie HHTepecbi cbohx HapoAOB, sa npoHHbiñ Mnp, npoTHB hoboh bo hhh.
n E P E flO B A H U
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HamionajibHyio He3aBncHMOCTb cbohx CTpan. BbipaxaH CTpeMAeHiie caMbix
“ HpOKHx Mace, KoMnapTHH OpaHpHH, HTajiHH, Ahtahh, 3anaAHOH repMa«HH
« Apyrax CTpan, HapoAbi Koropbix aMepmcaHCKHe arpeccopu xotht ncnoAb3o- aTb Kax nymenHoe mhco, c ocoóoñ chaoh pa3BëpTbiBaioT öopböy 3a MHp, 3a cPbiB npecrynHbix 3aMucjioB iiMnepnaJiHCTOB.
Ko M My hh CTH necKiie h paóorae napran CTpai-i HapoAHOH AeMOKpaTiiH Be- AVt öojibm yio paôoTy cpeAH HapoAHbix Mace, pa3o6Aanaa HMnepHaAHCTHne- CKHx noA/KHraTeAeił bohhh h hx iiocoóhhkob, h bccmh chA3Mh ynpenAHioT
■'larepb Miipa h comiaAHSMa.
Æejio 3amHTbi MHpa — AeAo Bcex napoAOB MHpa. npomAH Te speMeHa, KorÄa HMnepHajiHCTbi motah totobhtb Boimy b rjiyöoKoö Taíme h KorAa bohh3 BHeaanHo oópyuiHBaAacb Ha toaobm napoAOB. Bce bo3Mojkhocth, Bce npeA- nOCblAKH AJIH nOÖCAbl CHA MHpa HaA CHA3MH BOHHbl Tenepb HaAHUO. AKTHBHaa OOpbßa CTOpOHHHKOB ÆBH>K6HHH MHpa n p C B p a T H T 3TH B03M02KH0CTH B ßeÖ- CTBHTeAbHocTb. M o ry m iii Aarepb MHpa, ASMOKpaTHH h coiiHaAH3Ma, cnAonëH- HblH BOKpyr COBeTCKOH AepHOBbI H BeAHKOrO 3am,HTHHKa MHpa TOBapHIUa y'TaAHHa, BbiiirpaeT CBHmeimyio ÖHTBy 3a npoHHbiii ASMOKpaTimecKHH mhp ii
oe3onacHOCTb HapoAOB.
ÜOfl BejIHKHM H HenoéeflHMMM 3HaMeHeM JleHHHa — C ia jiH H a — k TopxcecTBy
K0MMyHH3Ma
UoKJiajx TOB. n . H. nOCriE/TOBA 21 HHBapn 1950 rosa Ha
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ToBapamn!
Z lB a^uaib mecTb jieT MHHyjio co CKopSHoro ana 2 Í aaBapa 1924 ro,aa, Korjia CKOHaajica oTeu Harnea coBercKoñ peBojiFouHH, ocuoBaTejib gojibuie-
bhctckoh napTHH h coHHajiHcrHHecKoro rocyAapcTBa, bcjihkhh yaHrejib, bojkab h a p y r Tpy^HUíHxca Bcero Mapa — B^aAHMHp HjibHn JleHHH.
BmH JleHHHa HBJiaeTCH C3MbIM JHOÓHMblM HM0HCM Tpy,HHLHHXCH H 3KC- njiyaiHpyeM bix Mace. BeccMepTHoe n,ejio JleHHHa >KHBéT h 6yaeT ?KHTb b se- xax. Bjia^HM apy KiibHHy JleHHHy o6H3an «arn Hapo/i; h Bcé nporpeccHBHoe HejioBenecTBo tcm, hto b om-aSpe 1917 roa a coBepuiHJiacb nonroTOBJieHHaa
hm BejiHKaa coHíiajiHCTHHecKaa peBOJHOHHa, Koropaa OTKpujia HOByio apy BceMHpHOH HCTopHH, spy KpyiHeHHH KanHTaJIH3Ma H TOpJKeCTBa COHHaj!H3Ma, c ia jia HanajioM no;yiHHHOH HCTopHH qejioBeHecTBa.
«yHHHTOJKeHHe KanHT3JiH3Ma H ero cjie^oB, BBe^eHHe ochob KOMMyHH- CTHqecKoro nopa^na cociaBjiaeT coAepxoHHe HanaBiueñca Tenepb hoboh sno- XH BCeMHpHOH HCTOpHH», — yK33bIBajI JleHHH (C¿H., T. X X V , CTp. 469).
BjiaAHMHp HjIbHH JleHHH C03HajI H BOCriHTajI KOMMyHHCTHHeCKyiO nap-
thio, 33KajiéHHyio B 6oax. n o a ero pyxoBOACTBOM Harn Hapoa Haaaji crpoHTb nepBoe b Mnpe counajiHCTHqecKoe rocynapcTBo paSoHHx h KpecTbHH, oxcToaji CBoé ponnoe coBeTC«oe rocynapcTBO ot HamecrBua HMnepHajiHCTOB h 6 ejio - rBap^eñueB. JleHHH yxasaji BejiHKyro u,ejib noerpoeana coima.riH3Ma b natueS CTpa«e h HaMeraji ochobhoh n y ib k stoh aera.
BMecTe c JleHHHbiM cxponji nap-THio, B03rjiaBjiaji BejiHKyro OKTH&pbCKyio coHHajiHCTHqecKyK) peBOjnoHHK), CTpoHJi coBercKoe rocyaapcTBo TOBapnin, Ct3jihh. BMecTe c JleaimbiM oh pvkobohhji oSopoHoñ coiiHajiHCTHqecKoro oxe'iecTBa b nepao/t rpa>KnaHCKoñ bohhh h HHrepBeHHHH, nepexo^OM k MHp- HOMy CTpoHTejibCTBy. BejiHKHM caacTbeM £JIh Harnea cTpaHbi h /[jia Bcero nepe^oBoro qejioBeqecTBa HBHjiocb to, hto ^e jio JleHHHa npo^ojDKHji h npo- /lOJiataeT ero BepHbiH yaeHHK, a p y r h coparana TOBapam; C ia jin n . (B y p h bi e, n p O A O J I J K H T e j I b H b i e a n j I O f l H C M e H T b l ) .
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JieHHHOKOH MVH;pOCTbH3 Be^ér TOBapHuj; Ct3jihh naui Hapoa, h Bcé nepe^oBoe qejioBeaecTBo no hobumnyTHM HCTopHH, ocseinaa nyTb 6‘opb6bi h no6e,n cotch mhjijihohob TpynaurHX- ca cBeTOM HaynHOH TeopHH MapKCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma. ToBapnmy C ia jin a v ,
cbhto BbinojiHaromeMy jieHHHCKHe 3aBeTbi, o6a3aHbi m u bcjihkhmh noQeaaMH cou,HajiH3Ma, noHCTHHe peuiaromHMH cyflbfíbi noKojieHHñ.
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3aBeiaM JleHHHa, n o ^ pyKOBO^CTBOM TOBapnma CranHHa nocTpoeno coHHajiHCTHHecKoe ofímecTBo b Hauien CTpaae, ycneuiHo pa3BépTHBaeTca CTpoHTejibCTBO KOMMyHH3Ma. CoBeTCKHH Coi03 npeBpaTHjicH b Morynee co- HHajiHCTHqecKoe rocyAapcTBo, b cepbé3Hyio Me>Kn.yHapoHHyio CHJiy, B03fleñ- CTByiomyio Ha bck) Mexí^yHapo^Hyio oScTaHOBKy, KopeHHbiM oópa30M H3Me- Haiomyio eé b HHTepecax TpyüHmnxca. CrpaHa coHHajiHSMa, onacuiaa Hapoabi EBponbi h Bcero Mnpa ot 4>auiHCTCKoro nopafiouíeHHa, crpana paBHonpaBHan O fl B E JIH K H M 3 H A M E H E M JIE H H H A — CTAJ1HHA — K TO PJKEC TBy K O M M y H H 3 M A 13
h apyxcßbi HapoÄOB c ia jia HecoKpynrHMbiM onjioTOM MHpa, fleMonparmi h
COUHajIH3Ma.
Bot noqeMy c Taxofi ropsmefi jnoßoBbio TpyztHmnecH Hamen crpaflbi h
Bcero MHpa OTMerajiH 70-jieTHe co ähh poxiaemiH BejiHKoro npoaojixiaTejiH -Uejia JleHHHa TOBapHipa CTajiHHa. (B y p h bi e, n p o a o j i J K H T e j i b H b i e a n j i o ^ H C M e H T b i ) . ripa3aHOBaHHe 70-jieTHH co ahh pox<aeHHH Hocncjm BuccapHOHOBHna CTajiHHa npeBpaTHJiocb b Heßbrnaxyio eine no CHJie, BejiH- 'lecTBeHHyro aeMOHCTpaimio ciuioqeHHH h apyxcßbi bccx MHpoJiroßHBbix Hapo-
äob, TpyaHmHXCH Bcex CTpaH, bhähihhx b TOBapmne CiaJiHHe CBoero xioßH-
moto ytm rejiH h apyra, 3H3MH MHpa h ÄBHxrenHH qeJioBeqecTBa k CBoßopp h
ctiacTbio! ( B y p H b i e a n j i o a H C M e H T b i ) .
I. BbinojiHan 3aBeTbi JleHHHa, cobctckhh Hapofl yßepeHHo haSt k KOMMyHH3My
Hamen napTHH npnm jiocb npeoAOJieTb HeHMOBepHbie rpyaH ocm , rnoßbi oßecnennTb noöe^y copnajiH3Ma b Hamen cTpaHe, qroßbi ns OTCTajion b rex- HHK0-3KOH0MnqecK0M OTHomeHHH CTpaHH npeßpaTHTb Hamy POÄHHy B MOry- qyio counaji'HCTnqecKyio AepxoBy. napTHH JleHHHa — CTajiHHa npnßejia nam Hapoß k noßefle counajin3Ma, cyMejia co3AaTb pemaromne ycxoBHx ajih hcto- pnqecKHX noöea copna^H3Ma n aeMORparan b pnne crpaH Eßponbi n A3hh
npejK^e Bcero noTOMy, qro OHa hbjihctch napTnen MapncncTCKon, napinen
•JieHHHCKon, noTOMy, hto nojiniHKa napTnn cTponrcn Ha ocHOBe MapKencTCKO- JieHHHCKOn HayKH 06 oömecTBe. n a p ra n JleHHHa — CTajiHHa bo Bcefi CBoen flenTejibHOCTH, cpean Bcex HCTopnqecKHX 6ypb n 3nr3aroB HCTOpnqecKoro n y m pyKOBOflCTBOBajiacb n pyKOBOACTByeTCH BepnbiM KOMnacoM Bcerio6e>KaaK)inero yqeHHH MapKCH3Ma-JieHBHH3Ma, pa3BHBaeMoro n oßoraipaeMoro TOBapHipeM CTaJIHHbIM.
M apxc n 3 « re jib c BnepBbie co3Äajra Teopnio HayqHoro KOMMyHH3Ma, Hayqno AOKa3ajiH, hto KannTajiH3M hbjihbtch HCTopnqecKH npexoAHiimM oß- mecTBeHHbiM CTpoeM, jjoKa3ajin Hen3ße>KH0CTb n a j i m i i H ßypx<ya3HH h 3axBaia B jiacm ripoJieTapnaTOM, HeH3ßex<HOCTb 3aMeHbi KanHTajiH3Ma copnaJiH3MOM.
M apxc n S nrejibc Hayqnjin paßoqnn KJiacc co3HaßaTb cboh chjih, cboio se- JiHKyro HCTopnqecKyK) mhcchio — ßbiTb MornjibipHKOM KanHTajincTnqecKoro CTpoH, ohh jrajin npojieTapnaTy Moryqee ziyxoBHoe opyxine — peBojnonnoH- Hyio Teopnio.
M apxc n SHreJibc ßbiJin tccho cBH3aHbi c coßpeMeHHbiM hm paßoqHM ABHXieHHeM, c ero nepeaoBbiMH ßopuaMH. B peBOJiionnoHHOM paßoqeM äbh-
>KeHnn, b co3Aa»H0M non pyKOBo^cTBOM M apxca MexiAyHapopHOM Toßapn- mecTBe Psöoqnx bhacah ohh npoB03BecTHHKa h o b o t o oßmecTBa, poxiAa-' iom,erocH Ha CMeny CTapoMy, KanHTaJiHCTHqecKOMy oömecTBy.
«...B npoTHBonojToxiHOCTb CTapoMy oßmecxBy c ero SKOHOMHqecKOH hh- ipeTOH h nojiHTHqecKHM ße3yMneM HapoxmaercH HOBoe oßm;ecTBo, MexcayHa- po^HbiM npnHpHnoM Koroporo ßyÄBT — mh p, nßo y naxyroro H3 Haponos ßyaeT oähh h tot * e BjracTexHH — t p y ^ !» — npopoqecKH nncax M apxc B PlepBOM B033B3HHH reHepajibHoro CoBeTa MexcayHapo^Horo ToBapnmecTBa Paßoqnx 0 4>paHKO-npyccKOH BofiHe.
PIoBoe, coimaxHCTHqecKoe oßmecTBo, po^HBmeeca b OKTxßpe 1917 roaä
b Hamen CTpaHe, ycTanoBHBmee CoßeTCKyio BxacTb, BJiacTb Tpy^HmHXCH, h
cxejiaßmee cbohm Mex<ÄyHapoaHbiM npHHmmoM mh p, AOKasaxo BceM Be- JiHKyio npaßory cjiob nam ero ßeccMepraoro yqHTejm JleHHHa o tom, hto «co- UH3JIH3M TaHT b ceße rnraHTCKHe chjim h hto qeJioßeqecTBO nepemxo Tenepb K HOBOH, Hecymeß HeoßblKHOBeHHO ßjieCTHipHe B03M0XCH0CTH CTaAHH pa32H-
thh» (Coq., t. X X V II, CTp. 415).
14 n. nocnEjioB
MapKC^H SHrejibc jkhjih b snoxy, Korna KannTajin3M eme pa3BHBajicn no bocxonHuien jihhhh, Korna npojieTapcKan peBOJiiounH He CTana eme npHMoft npaKTHnecKoS neH36e>KH0CTbio. Hm ne npHimiocb yBn/ieib KpymeHHH Kann- TajiHCTHnecKoro CTpoH h ycTaHOBJieHHH HOBoro o6mecTBa, poiKneHHe KOToporo
ohh npe^cKa3ajin c Haynnon TOHHOCTbio.
AeJio MapKca h 3Hrejibca nponojiwm iH b ycjioBHHX hoboh 3noxH, 3noxn HMnepHajiH3Ma h npo./ieTapcKHX peBOJiionHH, JTeHHH n C iajinH . JlennH pacRpuji 3aKOHoMepHocTH pa3BHTH5j KanHTajiH3Ma b 3noxy HMnepnajiHaMa, Korna oh
CTaji pa3BHBaTbca no HHcxonflmeH jihhhh, Korna npejKHHH «UBeTymnH» Ka- HHTajiH3M npeBpaTHJicn b KanHfajiH3M yMHpatontHH n 3arHHBaiomnH. JleHHH TeoperanecKH oSocHOBan B03M0>KHOCfb noOenbi coiiHajiH3Ma b oahoh CTpaHe.
rio A pyKOBOACTBOM JleHHHa H CTajiHHa Sbiji coBepmen nepBbin npopbiB uenn MHpoBoro HMnepnajiHCTHnecRoro ippoHTa, noSeAHJia BejiHKaa OkthSp ł- CKaa counajmcTHnecKan peBOjiioiiHH.
Bero cBoio JKHSHb JleHHH OTnan fle jiy paóonero Knacca, neny no6enw co- UHajlH3Ma. JleHHH hcho, 3pHMu uH/ieji nyTH, Benymne k no6ene conHajiH3Ma, saBemaii napran u napony, rbk«m nyreM Hano htth, htoSh oOecneHHTb noóe- fly con.HajiH3Ma b Hanie# CTpaHe u b MejKnyHaponnoM MacuiTaSe.
yKa3biBan n y m HBHJKeHHH k coiiHaJiH3My, B. H. JleHHH co Bceń oCTpOTOft CTaBHJi 3anany HHnycTpHanH3aHHH Hamefl CTpanbi, npenynpe>KnaJi, hto 6e3 HHnycfpHajiH3aHHH m h Boo6me nora&HeM, ¡o k caMocTOHTejibHaa crpana.
JteHHHCKan CTpaierHH 6bina paccnHTaHa Ha to, hto6h, coxpaHHB 3a padoHH.M KJiaCCOM pyKOBOUCTBO KpeCTbHHCTBOM, odeCHeHHTb BOCCTaHOBJieHHe H pa3BH- THe KpynHOH MamHHHoii HHnyćTpHH, npoBeneHHe miana 3jiei<TpHc|iHKaHKH n Ha 3toh ooHoBe ocymecTBHTb couHajiHCTHHecKyio nepenejiKy MejiKoro Kpe- CTbHHCKOTO X03HHCTBa.
«...Ecjih Pocchji noKpoeTcn rycTOio ceTbio 3JieKTpHHecKHX craHHHH h
‘ MomHbix TexHHnecKHx oSopyHOBaHHH, to Hauie KOMMyiiHcranecKoe xo3hh- CTBeHHoe cTpoHTejibCTBo cfaneT oópaauoM hjih rpnnyuieft coiiHajmcTHiecKoii EBponbi h A3hh», — npeACKa3biBaji JleHHH (Coh., t. X X V I, CTp. 48).
B 6opb6e c BparaMH jieHHHH3Ma TOBapniu: Ct3jihh otctohji h pa3BHji Teopino B03M0JKH0CTH noOeńbi C0IiHajIH3Ma B OnHOH CTpaHe, KOHKpeTK3HpOBajI jieHHHCKHH cTpaTerHnecKHft miaH nocTpoeHiiH C0H,HajiH3Ma, HCxo/tHbiM nyHK- tom KOToporo 6buia H/iea HHnycTpnajiH3au,HH.
CjienyH jieHHHCKHM 3aBeTaM, TOBapnm Ct3jihh c BejiHKOH npo30pjm- BocTbio nocTaBHJi nepen napTHeii h HapoAOM nadany 6bićTpbix TeMnoe Couna- jiHCTHnecKoft HHnycTpHajiHsauHH, HTofibi coxpaHHTb He3aBHcHM0CTb nauiero coHHaJiHCTHnecKoro OTenecTBa h oSecnenHTb no6eny couHajiH3Ma. B (peBpajie 1931 rona Ha nepBoii Bcecoi03HOH KOHCpepeHiiHH paśotHHKOB cou,HajlHCTHHe- CKOH npOMblUIJieHHOCTH TOBapHUi; OaJIHH TOBOpHJI:
« Mh OTCTanH OT nepeHOBbix cTpaH Ha 50— 100 jieT. M bi aojdkhh npoóe- HcaTb 3to paccTOHHHe b necHTb jieT. J IhOo mm cAejiaeM sto, jihOo nac
C O M H y T » .
H am a cTpana BbinojiHHjia BejiiiKoe ji&jio cohha,rihcthheoKOh HHnycTpHa- JIH3aHHH B HCTOpHHeCKHe CpOKH, yKa3aHHbie TOBapumeM ĆTajIHHblM. Hm6HH0 noaTOMy nepe3 necHTb JieT, b 1941 ro ^y, Kor^a Ha nac o6pyum jiocb eepoJioM- i-ioe HananeHHe nnyiepoBCKoii repM am nii ona ne Morjia nac cmhtb. CTpana coiiHajiH3Ma no cfioeft BoeHuofl h TexHHKO-3KoiioMHiiecKoń mohih npeB3omjia rHTJiepoBCKyio FepMaHHHO, nocTaBHBmyio ceóe na cjiyjKÓy SKOHOMHKy Bceft KOHTHHenTajibiiOH EBponbi. CTpaHa couHaJiH3Ma Bbiiujia no6eHHTej]bnni;eH 113 cMepTejibHoft 6opb6bi c (paurasMOM, ocBoOo/imia Hapo^H Esponbi ot (pamncT-
ckoto nopaOomeHHH.
