FOLIA 227
ŶŶĂůĞƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĂƟƐWĂĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂĞƌĂĐŽǀŝĞŶƐŝƐ
^ƚƵĚŝĂĂĚŝĚĂĐƟĐĂŵ>ŝƩĞƌĂƌƵŵWŽůŽŶĂƌƵŵĞƚ>ŝŶŐƵĂĞWŽůŽŶĂĞWĞƌƟŶĞŶƟĂϴ;ϮϬϭϳͿ
/^^EϮϬϴϮͲϬϵϬϵ K/ϭϬ͘ϮϰϵϭϳͬϮϬϴϮϬϵϬϵ͘ϴ͘ϭϮ ĞƌŶĂĚĞƚĂEŝĞƐƉŽƌĞŬͲ^njĂŵďƵƌƐŬĂDĞƚŽĚĂĐnjLJƉŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞʹŵŝħĚnjLJĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽ
ĂŐůŽƩŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČ
¸ÏǦ ǡǷ w metodyce jest pytanie ǫǡ ¸dzͳǤ ÏǡĂ Ƿ ǡ Ă Ï ¸ ¦ Ȁ dzʹǤ Ï ¦ ǡĂ ¦ǡ× ǡ ¸ 䩦Ïä dydaktyków. © ¦ ¸ -ĂĀ© ǡĂ Ă Ñ ǡ ¸ Ȃ Ï Ï ȂǷÏ Ïǡ¦¸ ä ǡ Ă ǡ ä © ǡ -© ĂÑǡ× dz3Ǥ äĂ ¸ × ǡ×ǡ ×ǡ Ǥä© ä© ¦ ¦ ¸ Ā Ϧ ää© ¦ ä© ÏǤ ä××¦Ï ǡ×Ïä ϸÏ- ǡ ¸ Ï ǡ×Ïä ϸÏ- ǡ Ƿ dz ¸ Ă ¦ǡ Ϧ ¦ Ï ȋ¸¦ ×Ȍ¦ Ǥ×Ï ä ͳԘǤǦ ǡǡȏǣȐ ǡǤͳǡ¸Ǧ ǡǤǤǦ ǡÑʹͲͳͳǡǤ͵ͷ͵Ǥ ʹԘĂǤ ͵ԘǤǡÏ ¦ ǡȏǣȐǤǦ Ï ǡǤǤ Ǧǡ×ʹͲͲͶǤDĞƚŽĚĂĐnjLJƉŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞʹŵŝħĚnjLJĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽĂŐůŽƩŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČ ϭϯϳ ¦ Ǧǡ¦ Ï Ï¦ ¸ǡ Ͷ. Ï ǡ ǷÏĂä© ä© - dzǡĂ×ÏÏ -ǡȂä© ¸ Ǧ¦ ¸ä ¸-kowychͷǡ¸ä ǡ ¦Ǧ kresu meta-. ä ¸ ǡ ǡ ©×Ȃ Ï ¸¸×Ă - × ¦ Ï×Ƿ ×dz-Ϧ ¸ ¸×. Ï ǡ ©¦¸© - ǡÏ ǡ× ÑĂ -¸ǡ× ÑÏ Ï¸ ǡ Ïä øǤ ¦ ¦¦ǡ׸¸-¦ ¸ǡĂÏ ¸ ȋ ¦ Ï ¸ ȌǤ©¦¸ - ©ǡĂ ¸ ¸ ǡש¸ǤĂ©ä- © ¦ ǡ× ¸- ¸Ǥ äÏ ä ¸-ǡǡĂĂĂ Ï Ǥ ¦¸ ø © äÏÏ ¸ ǡ ©¸-nia punktów orientacyjnych na metodycznej mapie.
Ă ǡ ¸ Ϧ ¸ Ï× Ǥ -×ǡ ¸Ï Ñ Ñ ȋͳͻͳȌǡ Ï ȋͳͻͺȌ ȋͳͻͳȌ Ă Ā© ǡǤǤ Ïͺ Ǥä ×Ă- ¦¸ ×ǡ¦ ¸¦ צĀ ȋǡ ǡĂǡÏȌǤ ͶԘǤǤ Ǧǡä©ä©ǡ×ʹͲͲͻǤ ͷԘǤǡǤÑÏ ǡȂ× ͳͻͻǡǤͳͳǤ ԘǤǤǡÏ ¦… ԘǤ ǡ Ï ¸ǣ ¸ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǥ ͺԘǤǤǡÏ ¦ǥǡǤͷͻȂʹǤ
ϭϯϴ Bernadeta Niesporek-Szamburska ¸ ¦ metoda (z grec. ǡ ¦ Ǯ¸¦ ¦ ǯǡǡǮ×ǯͻȌ ¦¸ ×. Istotny jest przy tym ze strony ÏäǡϦ -ä©Ï × ͳͲ. ¸ ǡ ¸ä -miane ¦ – jako × ¦ × ȋ × ¦ ǡ © ÏĂ ȌǤ ¸¸ na to – © ¸Ǥ ¸ ä ¸ ¸ ×Ǥ ¦¸Ȃ ¸¦ä ( ȌȂ- Ǥ ¦ ¦ szeroko – Ï ¸¦ ×Ă ¦ÏǡϦǡÏ-Ă ȂǷ ¦© dzȋ ǡ¸ǡ×Ï× ¸ȌͳͳǤø ä¸ ¦ ¸¦¸Ǥ ¸-ǡ ȋǤäǡǡ ¦ ä Ȍ ä × Ǥ ¦ ä ȋ¦Ȍǡ ǤOgólna idea metody ¸ ¦ ǣä ǡ - Ǥ¦ ¸¦ Ǥ Ǥǡ¦ ¸Ñ ǡ¸ -ǯͳʹ. ^ĐŚĞŵĂƚϭ͘<ŽŶĐĞƉĐũĂŵĞƚŽĚLJ;njĂ:͘͘ZŝĐŚĂƌĚƐĞŵŝd͘ZŽĚŐĞƌƐĞŵϭϯͿ ͻԘ ǤǤȀȀǢ͵ͻͶͲͳͲǤȏ¸ǣͷǤͲͳǤʹͲͳȐǤ ͳͲԘ Ñ Ïǣ Ƿ ×Ă ¸ ǡ Ă ¸ ¸××ä dzǤǡĂǷ¦Ă¸¸ ǡä ¸ ÏdzǤǤÑǡ× ¸© Ǧ . ×ǡǤͳǡͳͻͷǡǤǤ ͳͳԘǤǤÑǡ¸× ǤǡʹͲͳͲǡǤ͵ʹȂ͵͵Ǥ ͳʹ ԘǤ ǤǤ ǡǤǡ ǡ-ʹͲͲͳǤ ͳ͵ԘǤĂǤ DĞƚŽĚĂ WŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞ;ƚĞŽƌŝĂ ũħnjLJŬĂ͕ƚĞŽƌŝĂ ŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂͿ WƌŽũĞŬƚŽǁĂŶŝĞ ŬƐnjƚĂųĐĞŶŝĂ ŝĂŬƚLJǁŶŽƑĐŝ WƌŽĐĞĚƵƌLJ ŝƚĞĐŚŶŝŬŝ
DĞƚŽĚĂĐnjLJƉŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞʹŵŝħĚnjLJĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽĂŐůŽƩŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČ ϭϯϵ ä ( Ȍ¸ ×Ï× ÏĂÑǡ-Ñ Ñ ¦ ¸ ¸ ȋ Ȍ Ï ¸ȋ ¸Ȍ¦ ¸ ǡ- ǡ ȋǤ ͳȌǤ ä ¦ Ï ȋ Ȁ-ǡ Ȍ ¸ ȋ ȌǤä©ä ȋȌ¸ -ä ¦ Ï i technik Ϧ Ǥ Ƿ - ǡ ǡĂϦ ¸ Ñ¦Ă × Ȃ¦ © ×Ȃ©ä¸ dzͳͶ ǤĂ ¦ - Ƿä©dzϦ ǡ ǡ¦ ä Ȃ Ȃǡ ¦ ¸Ǥ Metoda Ȃ ¸ Ȃ ¸ ä Ȁ Ï ä ×Ǥ ǡ׸¦ǡ¦äǡæ ÏĂ ͳͷ. ä© ¸Ăä ¸ǡ-Ǥ¸ǡĂȂä Ïà ׸ÏÑ ǡĂǦ äͳ ǡ¸ ×Ϧ ¦ ¦ Ȃ-Ï Ȃ××ǡ ǣ Ԙ – × ×Ïǡ Ԙ – ä ȋ Ȍǡ Ԙ – ä Ï ȋ ¸Ȍǡ Ԙ – ǡ Ԙ – ǡ Ԙ
– funkcja pomocy dydaktycznych.
¸ Ï ¦ ¦ Ï ×- Ȃ Ï ǡ ×- ä ͳͶ ԘǤǡä ǡǡ ǡȏǣȐǤǡǤǡǤ-ǡ Ñ ¦ ¸Ǥ× Ǧ ǡǤͳǡʹͲͲͺǡǤͻǤ ͳͷԘ ä© ¸ ÑǤǤǤÑǡ¸¦¸Ǧ ¸Ǥ Ï ¸Ïǡ×ʹͲͳǤ ͳ Ԙ¸ ÏĂ Ï-× ¸ȋʹͳĀʹͲͳȌǡ × Ïǡ Ă ä (szerszym) zawarta jest Ă Ǥ ä ǡ©ä za ä ¦ ¸äȀÏ Ï¸ Ǥ¸ĂÏǣǡ ǡ ÑǡÏǤ
ϭϰϬ Bernadeta Niesporek-Szamburska × ä©ǡ¦ͳǤ ¸
ä ÏĂ ȋä¸- Ï ȌǡȂÏ ¦¦¦-¦ ¦ ä ͳͺ.
¦tym, co faktycznie funkcjonuje w klasie, co jest realizaǦ ¦ ¸ ä Ǥ¸-Ïæ ¦¸ ǡ×Ȃצ ǡ¦©Ǥ procedurͳͻ ÏÑ ¦ǣ Ԙ – Ï ¸ Ǣ Ԙ – ǡѸ Ǣ Ԙ – ¸ Ǣ Ԙ – × Ǥ Ïä ¸Ƿ¸ - ¸ǡĂä ǡ -ȋ ¸ä ȌÏϦ dzʹͲ. ¦©ǣ ǡ ä ǡ © ǡ ǡ ¦Ǥ æȂÏ ȂÏĂ ä ȋ¸Ï ȌǤĂ ©Ï ϸ×ǣ Ԙ – ¸ ǡ ȋ ȌǤ Ԙ – ÑÏϦȋǤȌǡ ȋ Ï ÏȌǤ Ԙ – ǡ ¦ ¸Ï (). Ԙ – ä ǡ ¸ ϸ ȋȌǤ ¦ ¦¦¦ Ñ× ǡ- ¸ Ǥ Ïǡ ä ¦ ¸ ×Ă Ȃäǡ Ï ͳԘǤ Ă Ï ä ¦ Ăǡ ǥǡ ȋ Ȍǣ ǷʹǤ ä ǡ × ¸ ä dzǤȏǥȐ͵Ǥä ä×ǡ dzǤǣǷä©ȏǥȐͳǤ ääÏä ǡrzeczy lub ä ǡ¦ ǡĂϸ dzǤϸǦ ǡǤʹǡǤǤÑǡʹͲͲͲǡǤͳͳͷǤ×ĂȂǤǤǤ ͳͺ ԘȂĂ Ȃ¸¦ǡĂ-tyce ä ǡ i ¸¦¸¦Ǥ¦ Ă×ä i ȋ ä ¦ - ȌǤ ͳͻԘ Ǥ ʹͲԘǤǡä ǡǡ ǥǡǤͳͲǤ
DĞƚŽĚĂĐnjLJƉŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞʹŵŝħĚnjLJĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽĂŐůŽƩŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČ ϭϰϭ ȋ ä Ȍǡ Ă Ï äǡ ȋä ȌǤ ^ĐŚĞŵĂƚϮ͘^ƵďŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚLJŵĞƚŽĚLJǁƵũħĐŝƵŐůŽƚƚŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJĐnjŶLJŵ × ¦ ¸ Ǧ ¸ȋǤ ʹȌǡĂ ¸ Ǧ Ï ǣ×Ă Ǥ¦ ǡ Ă ä ¦ ¦ ¸ ¦ ¸ ÏÏĂ©¦ Ǧ ¸ǤǡȂ ¦ ×ä ¸¦¦ ¦Ǧ × ¸ Ï ×ä Ǥ Ă Ǧ ä× ä Ǥ ¸Ǧ ä ¦¸ ¦ ¦ ȋǤ ȌǤ © ǡä© Ǧ ǡ ǡø© ¸ä ¦ää ¦ ǷÏdzȂÏĂǡǦ ǡäǡĂ×ǡ ǡæ ¸ × Ƿ dzȂ ×Ǧ ǡȂ¦ ¸ǡ ¦ ǡǦ Ï Ǧ nymʹͳ. Nie zawsze bowiem mówimy o tych samych zjawiskach w taki sam sposób.
ʹͳԘÏÏȋä Ǧ Ȍä ¸ǡ
Ï ǤǡǦ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲǤ
ϭϰϮ Bernadeta Niesporek-Szamburska Ï ÏĂĂ ¦ ä × Ǥ Ȃä zna- zadanioweʹʹ ǤȂ- ¸ ä Ǥ ¸ ¸ Ȃ metoda Ǥ ä Ï (ang. Ȍǡצ¸ ¸ǡ ¦ ¸ ¸× ¸ÏÑÏ Ǥ ǡǷä Ȁ ¸ǡ × ä ǡ ä skoncentrowanym na kompetencjach i ×dzʹ͵ Ǥ - ¦¸ ϸǡ× - Ï ¸Ǥ ä¸ä -ǡ Ƿ× ¦ ¸ǡĂ׸¸ ǼÏ ǽdzʹͶǡÏȀ¸ ǣ Ă ÏǡĂ ǡ¦©äǡÏ© ¦©¦ĂǢ Ϧ¸ÏÑǡ ǤǣȏǥȐ¦Ăǡä צ ǡ¸ ǡÏ ǡÏ ¸ -¸ ×ʹͷ. zadaniami (ä ȌǡȂprojektami (¦). ø ĂÑ ¦ ×- äǤ ¸ -¦Ă ǡ © Ă ©ǡ ä Ăǡ Ȃ ×Ă Ǥ¸¸ Ï© Ï ¸Ǥ © ¸ podej-ä ʹǤȀϸ¦ Ϧ ×Ï ǡ××Ăä×Ï © ÑǤ Ă Ă Ï©ǡ ¸¦ ǡ ×ǡ Ǥ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¸ä Ǥ ʹʹԘǤǤ ǡä ¸¸× Ǥ ϸ ǡ×ʹͲͳͳǤ ʹ͵ԘĂǡǤͺͲȏ×ĂȂǤǤǤȐǤ ʹͶԘǡǥǡǤʹͲǤ ʹͷԘĂǡǤʹͳǤ ʹԘ ÏÏǡ¦ Ï¸Ï ǡ©Ï. Por. W. Miodun-ǡä Ï ¸× ǣȋÏ ȌÑ ȋĂ Ȍ×ǡǷ ¸ dzʹͲͳ͵ǡʹǡǤͺͲȂͺͷǤ
DĞƚŽĚĂĐnjLJƉŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞʹŵŝħĚnjLJĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽĂŐůŽƩŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČ ϭϰϯ ©¸ǡ Ï©ǡ- ¦ ¦ -ä ¸ Ǥ Ï ×Ă ¦ ǡ ĂǣĂÏǡ ¦× Ï×Ǥ Ï ¦ ¸ǷĂ ©Ï Ăä ¸ dzʹǤ×Ï ¦ © ä ä ×ǡ ¦ ¸ǡ¦Ă Ǥ ĂÏȀ©Ăä ǡ× ¦ ¸¦Ă¦Ă Ï ¸ǡ×ǡÏ×ǡ ¸¸ǡäǷ dzʹͺ ǤĂ©- Ï××ǡ¦ ǡ Ă© ÏǤ¦Ă¦ ¦ ä© Ăǡǡ×-ĂǷdzǡ¸¦ Ǥ¸ æ ä ¸ĂÏ ¦ ¸ ¸Ǥ ¸ ¸ Ï× - ǡĂÏ× × Ǥ Ă © ¸ ¦¦ǡ¦ Ï × ¸© ǡ Ǥ Ă ĂĀ©×ǣ Ă × ĂǡĂ- ä ǡĂä© ä ¦ǡϦ äÏ ä ¦ǡ Ăä© ¸Ïʹͻ. ǡÏ Ǧäǡ-ǡϦ ¸¸ zadaniaǡ i zadania
projektowe-go͵ͲǤ ʹԘǤǡ ǤǦ ʹͲͳʹǡ ǤͳͻͺǤ ʹͺԘĂǤ ʹͻԘǤ Ǧäǡ× ¸× ǡ×ʹͲͳͳǡǤǤ ͵ͲԘ ¸ ×ǣ ǡ ǡĂǡ ǣÏǡ ¸¦ǡǡ×-ǡ ǡ¦ ǡ× ȋǣ Ȃ ×ǡ Ă ¸ - ¸ ÏĂ ¦ ȌǤ Ï Ïǣ¸ǡ ¦ ¸- ä ȋǤ Ï ǡ Ȍ ȋǤ¸ Ă ¸ȌǤĂǡǤ͵Ȃͻ͵Ǥ
ϭϰϰ Bernadeta Niesporek-Szamburska ä ¦¸äǷ ¸-tym ×Ï ×ÏÏdz͵ͳǡ Ă ÏÑ Ï ¸ ×Ǥ ǡ ǡĂǡĂ ǷÏ Ï Ǧ gicznydz͵ʹǤ © Ă ǡ äǡ ϸǡϦ ä 33. Ă × ä × ǡĂää ¦-ǡĂ ¦Ă¦ ¸ ¦ ǡ ¸ ä Ï͵Ͷ. ¦ä ǡĂä×Ȁä©Ȁ ¸¸© ¦ ¸ ȋ¸ǡ Ï Ȍ Ǥæ Ï ȋ Ȍ (Ȍ ¦ ¸ ͺͲǤ Ï ä ¸ǫ Ï ¸ ǡ Ă ×Ă ä Ȁ ¸×ǣ ǡ - ¦¦¸ ¦ǡæ- ¸ä ȋ¸ ä Ï ×Ȃ¦ ¸ȌǤ©¸ää©ǡ©¸¦ǡ¦ ¦Ï ¸ Ǥ
ŝďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝĂ
ǤǡÏ ¦ ǡȏǣȐǤ Ï ǡǤǤ Ǧǡ×ʹͲͲͶǤ Ǥǡ ǡǦ ʹͲͳʹǤ ϸǡǤʹǡǤǤÑǡʹͲͲͲǤ Ǥǡä ¸¸× ǤÏǦ ¸ ǡ×ʹͲͳͳǤ ǦǤǡä©ä©ǡ×ʹͲͲͻǤ ÑǤǡ× ¸© Ǧ . ×ǡǤͳǡͳͻͷǤ ͵ͳԘǤ ǡä ǥǡǤͳͷͶȂͳǤ×ĂȂǤǤǤ ͵ʹԘĂǤ 33Ԙ© ĂǣǷ Ȁ ¸ǡ×Ă ¸ä ǡ ȋ - ¸× Ȍ Ǽ ×ǽǡ צ ¦ ¸ Ăä Ï ¸ǥdzǤĂǡǤͳͷǤ ͵Ͷ ԘÑ× Ï¸ÏÏǤǤǤ-ǡä ÏǥDĞƚŽĚĂĐnjLJƉŽĚĞũƑĐŝĞʹŵŝħĚnjLJĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČũħnjLJŬĂŽũĐnjLJƐƚĞŐŽĂŐůŽƩŽĚLJĚĂŬƚLJŬČ ϭϰϱ Ǥǡä ǡǡ ǡȏǣȐǤǡǤǡǤǡ Ñ ¦ ¸Ǥ× ǡǤͳǡʹͲͲͺǤ Ǧ ǤǡǡȏǣȐ ǡǤͳǡ¸Ǧ kiǡǤǤǦ ǡÑʹͲͳͳǤ Ǥǡä Ï ¸× ǣȋǦ Ï ȌÑȋĂ Ȍ×ǡǷ ¸ dzʹͲͳ͵ǡʹǡǤͺͲȂͺͷǤ ǦäǤǡ× ¸× ǡ×ʹͲͳͳǤ ǡ Ï ¸ǣ ¸ǡ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ ǤǤǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͳǤ Ǥǡ Ï Ǥ ǡǡ ǡ ʹͲͲǤ ÑǤǡ¸¦¸¸Ǥ Ï ¸Ǧ Ïǡ×ʹͲͳǤ ǤǡǤÑÏ ǡȂ×ͳͻͻǤ ÑǤǡ¸× Ǧ ǤǡʹͲͳͲǤ ǣ ǤǤȀȀǢ͵ͻͶͲͳͲǤȏ¸ǣͷǤͲͳǤʹͲͳȐǤ DĞƚŚŽĚŽƌĂŶĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚʹďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞŵŽƚŚĞƌƚŽŶŐƵĞƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚŐůŽƚƚŽĚŝĚĂĐƚŝĐƐ ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǤǤ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Key wordsǣǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǦȂ ǡ¸ ǡ- ¸c¦ Ǥ ǣ¸ä ÏĂǡ¸ Ï-Ăǡ ǡ ÏĂǡ ¸ǡĂǤ × Ǥ ǣ ¸ ȋǷc dzȌȋͳͻͻͲȌǡ ¸ × × ä ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ¸- ¸ ×ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ ǤÏ × ¸ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǢ×ϸ ¸ ¸ȋʹͲͲͻǡʹͲͳʹǡʹͲͳ͵ǡʹͲͳͶǡʹͲͳǡ ×ÏǤ ȌǤ