B PO JIB TA PHH B C B X C T P A H ¡ C O E J X H H flM T B C b í
E W E M E C F lM H b lñ H A Y M H O - T E X H U M E C K H M W Y P H A / 1 X X V I H T O A H 3 A A H K H
OBECHEÏHTL BbICOKOE KA.ÏECTBO PEMOHTA HOBBIX MtlUEJIEË ABT0 M0 BHJ1EÍÍ
Haina aBTOMOÖHJibHan npoMbimneHHOCTb Bcxope nocAe oxoha3Hhh Bcahxoh OTeAecTBeHHoñ boííhh
npHOTynHJia k MaccoBOMÿ npoH3BOACTBy hobhx moag- jieñ aBTOM06hjieh Ha 6a3e nocjiCAHHx AOCTH>xeHHH TeXHHKH.
BbicoKHe SKcnAoaTauHOHHbie xanecTBa hobhx mo- Ae^eñ aBTOMOÓHAeñ no3BOAHAH paöoTHuxaM aBTO- TpaHcnopTa ycTaHOBHTb aah hhx noBbiuieHHbie HOpMbi MOKpeMOHTHbix npoóeroB no cpaBHennio co CTapuMH MOAëAHMH. H o H 9TH HOpMbI MOryT 6bITb nepeKpbITbl nyTeM noBbiuieHHH xanecTBa TexHHAecxoro o6cAy>XH- B3HHH H peMOHTa aBTOMOÖHJieH.
B HacTOHin.ee BpeMH HOBbie m o a é a h a'BTOMOÓHAeñ, B b in y m e H H b ie b no cA e B o e H H b ie r o A H , 3axaH A H B 3K )T CBOH ne pB blH 3.K'CnAOaTaUHOHHblH H.HKA H HaAHH3I0T n o c T y n a T b b x a n H T a A b H b iñ peMOHT. B c b h s h c 3t h m n e p e A paÓOTHHXaMH aBTOpeMOHTHblX 3 3b o a o b h Ma c T e p c K H x BCTaeT oTBeTCTBeHHan 3 a A a n a — y c n e u iH O nOArOTOBHTbCH K peM O H Ty H H a u a T b KaueCTBeHHO peMOHTHpOB3Tb HOBbie MOA6AH aBTOMOÓHAeH. FIpH ocB oeH H H peMOHTa H e oö xoA H M O y n e c T b npuM eH ew H e 3 a B 0A a M H aBTOnpOMblUIAeHHOCTH IHOBHX T eX H O A O ruqe- CKHx n p o u e c c o B o6 pa (5oT X H , h o b h x M a r e p u a n o B , a TaKJKe HaAHXHe n p u H U H n H a A b H b ix xoH C T pyxT H B H b ix H3MeHeHHH b a r p e r a T a x h a b t3 Ah x aBTOMOÓHAeñ.
riOArOTOBKa K p e M O H T y H O B H X MOABACH 3BT0M06h-
A e ñ npO BO AHTCH BO MHOTHX M H H H C T epC T B aX H B e A O M - C T B a x c H a u a A a n p o u i A o r o r o A a , b tom n n c A e b M h- H H C T e p cT B e a B T O M o Ö H A b H o ro T p a H c n o p T a P C O C P (T p e C T « P O C a B T O p e M O H T » ), B y n p a B A e H H H aB T O p eM O H T - H blM H 3 a B O A 3 M H M o c rO p H C H O A X O M a , B M H H H C TepC TBaX 3 a rO T O B O K , C T pO H T eA bC T B a n p e A n p H H T H H TH>KeAOH HH-
A y c T p H H h A p y r u x .
TpecTOM «PocaBTopeMOHT» npoAeAaHa 6oAbiuaH pa- 6oTa b uacTH pa3paóoTKH TexHHAecxoñ AoxyMeHTauHH H KOHCTpyKUHH 0CH3CTKH, OÓyueHHH K3ApOB, H3TOTOB- AeHHH npucnocoÖAeHHH, npuôopoB h cneunaAbHoro hh- cTpyMeHTa, TexHOAorHAecxoñ nAaHupoBKH uexoa h
yuacTKO'B, AO0CHaLU,eHHH uexoB hcoöxoahmhm cne- u,naAH3HpoBaHHHM oöopyAOBanneM H AP-
Ab t o m o ô h a h, B binycK aeM bie H3 KanH TaA bH oro peMOH- Ta, a o j ih íh h OTBeuaTb TeM >xe TpeöoBaHHHM, a to h
HOBbie 3BTOMOÖHAH, He33BHCHM0 OT TOTO Ha K3K0M aBTOpeMOHTHOM npeAnpHHTHH npOH3BOAHACH HX peMOHT. B CBH3H C 3THM coBepuieHHO OAeBHAHa Heoó- XOAHMOCTb pa3paÓ0TKH yHH(J)HUHpOBaHiHOH nepeAOBOH TexHOAOTHH peMOHTa h 6oAee u ra p o K o ro ee n pnM e-
HeHHH.
n p aB H A bH O nO CTyiIHA TpeCT « P o ca B T o p e M O H T » , cocpeAO TO AH B p a 3 p a 6 o T K y h yTOAHeHHe T e x H H A e c x o ñ A 0K yM 6H T aU H H Ha A B y X K p y n H b lX MOCKOBCKHX 3B T 0 - peM O H TH bix 3 a B O A a x. B p e 3 y A b T 3 T 6 p a ö o T b i, n p o B e - AeHHOH Ha 3THX 3aB O A aX , O CTaAbHbie 33B O Ä H TpeCTa b H a n a n e 1 9 5 0 r . 6h a h o ó e c n e n e H H eAHHOñ T exH H ue- CKOH A O K y M e H T a u H e ü .
B o A b iu y K ) noMOULb 3 3b oA 3m b p a 3 p a 6 o T K e T exH H - x e c x o ñ A O K yM eH TauH H o x a 3 a A U e H T p a A b H b iñ H ayuH O - HCCAeAOBaTeAbCKHH HHCTHTyT aBTOMOÓHAbHOTO TpaHC- n o p T a ( U . H H H A T ) .
O A H a x o o ö e c n e n e e H e aBTO peM OHTHHx 3aB0AO B x a - necTBeHHOH A O K yM eH T a uH e ü h b a h c t c h A H iu b HanaAOM y c n e u iH O H n o A roT O B K H h x k peM O H Ty h o b h x M O A eneñ a BTO MOÓHAeñ. n o M epe p a 3 p a 6 o T X H x o H C T p y x u n ñ n p n - cnocoÓ A eH H H , npHÖOpOB H HHCTpyM ëHTa HeOÖXOAHMO o ó e c n e u H T b h x CBoeBpeM BHH oe h K a u e c T B e n H o e h3To- TOBAeHHe. 3aB O A bI AOAAÍiHH H3TOTO!BHTb CTeHABI A ^H p a a ß o p K H , c ô o p K H a rp e ra T O B h H c n H T a H u n h x n o A H a rp y 3 K o ñ , cn e u H a A b H H H p e jK y m H H h M epH TeA bH biñ HHCTpyMeHT, pa3A H A H bie npHCnOCOÖAeHHH H npHÓOpbl AAH c ö o p o A H b ix p a ô o T h peM OHTa A eT aA eH . T a x a n p a - ÖOTa npOBOAHTCH Ha pH A e 33BOAOB, H, B A3CTHOCTH, Ha 1-M M A P 3 e , r A e H 3ixyroBA eHO 6 o A e e 5 0 H a nM e H o- B3HHH OÔOpyAOBaHHH, B H eA P 6 HO B npOH3BOACTBO 6 o - A ee 1 2 0 pa3A H A H H X n p H c n o c o Ö A e n H H h n p n ß o p o B h A O 2 0 0 H a u M e H O B a H H H 1 c n e u H a A b H lo r o H H C T p y M ë H T a . 3 a noA roT O B X O H npoH3¡BOACTBa AOAJXHa CAeAOBaTb pauH O H aA bH aH e r o o p ra H H 3 a u H H . Ot T y n H X O B o ro M e- TOAa peMOHTa a rp e ra T O B h aBTOMOÔHAen h o b h x m o- A e A e ft, n p H H H T o ro Ha H e x o T o p n x 3 a B O A a x b « a n a A e ocB oeH H H , H e o ô x o A H M o H o cTeneH H o n e p e x o A H T b x p e -
1
MOHTy ihx Ha noTOKe, 6e3 y m e p ó a a a h BbinoAHeHHfi
o cho bh o h n p o n 3 BOACTB e hho ił n p o rp a M M b i.
n<W O TO B K a K npOH3BOACTBy peMOHTa HOßblX MO- A eneñ aBTOMOÖHJieß T peóyeT AOOOHameHHH 3 3b o a o b
c n e u n a jib H b iM oöopyAO BanHeM , b t o m UHcne ycTaHOB- K3MH
um
BbICOKOHaCTOTHOH 33K3J1KH A ß T a n e ii, ÖAOKO- paCTOHHblMH, XOHHHFOBajIbHblMH, npOTHJKHblMH, 1UAH- UeiIIJIH(|)OBaJIbHbIMH H APyrHMH CneUHaJIbHbIMH CT3H- KaMH.BHeApeHHe b npoH3BOACTBO peMOHTa h o b h x MOAe- n e ñ aBTOMoÖHjieß, n p n HenpepuBHOM pocTe o cho bhoh
n p o rp a M M b i, c b h33h o c H3bicKaHHeM A ono jiH H T e jib H b ix n Jio m a A eö a a h ycTaHOBKH ho bo po oßopyAOßaHHH, CTeHAOB, a T3K>Ke AAH HOBblX CKJiaACKHX HOMemeHHH.
UeHHyiO HHHUHaTHBy B 3TOM OTHOIII6HHH npOHBHA 1-H
MAP3,
KOTOpblH B OTAHHHe OT npHHHTOH Ha ÖOJIb- IHHHCTBe aBTOpeMOHTHblX 38BOAOB TeXHOAOTHH OKpa- CKH u e n o ro aBTOMOÖHjiH n e p e m e n Ha 6 o n e e c o B e p - uieH H yio TexHOJiorHio OKpacKH o T A e jib H b ix arperaTO B . Sto H03IB0AHJI0 OTKa3arbCH OT rp0M 03AKHX OKpaCOH- Hbix KaMep, bm cb o 6 o RH Tb 6 o n e e 6 0 0 m2 npoH3BOA- cTBeHHOH n jio m a A H h b to * e BpeMn y n yn in H T b Kane- CTBO OKpaCKH 3BTOM06hJI6H.3HaHHTejibHaH pa ö o T a n o noAroTO BKe k peMOHTy HOBbix MOAeneñ aBTOMoÖHJien n p o A e n a H a T a K w e aBTo- TpaHCnOpTHblMH ynpaBJieHHHMH H aBTOpeM33BOAäMH A p yrH X MHHHCTepCTB H BeAOMCTB.
H a aBTopeMOHTHbix 3aBOAax M o cro p H cn o A K O M a ocBoeH peMOHT aBTOMOÓHJieñ F A 3 - 5 J , M - 2 0 « rio ö e A a »
h « Mo c k b h h». H a o a h o m h3 3 3b o a o b n p n cT yn n e H o
k peMOHTy A B H ra T e jie fi 3 H C -1 2 0 . B c b h3h c bo3h h k- m e n h eo6 x o a hmoc Tbio peMOHTa A H 3enbH bix A B u ra T e - n e ii 5 IA 3 -2 0 4 Ha 3aBOAe A P E M 3 C03AaeTCH cne- unanbH biH u e x , ocH am eH H biñ HeoßxoAHMbiMH n p n ö o - C3MH H CTeHAaMH.
3aBOAbi MnHHCTepCTBa 3aroTOBOK 3aHHMaioTCH n o - Ka peMOHTOM A ßH raTejieH T A 3 -5 1 h 3 H C -1 2 0 . Ko a h- necTBo OTpeMOHTHpoBaHHbix A B H raT ejien HenpepbiBHo yßenHHHBaeTCH. Ec a h 3a 1949 r . 6bin o oTpeMOHTupo- BaHO, npHMepHO, 9 0 0 A B H raT eneñ, to b s t o m r o s y x a - Koe JKe KonHuecxBO A B H ra T e n e ii B binym eH o h3 peMOH- Ta b TeneHHe n e p ß o ro n o n y ro A H H . K KanHTanbHOMy peMOHTy aBTOMoÖHjieH aaBOAbi npHCTynsiT b önH JKaii- m n e MecHUbi.
3 a A a n a b HACTonmee BpeMH c o c t o h t b t o m, h t o ó h
ycK opH Tb TeMnbi OCBOeHHH peMOHTa He TonbKO h o b h x
ABn ra T e jie ü , ho h h o b h x MOAeneii aBTOMOÓHjieñ b u,e- JiOM, h He TOjibKO T A 3 -5 1 h 3 H C -1 5 0 , ho h A p yrH X rp y 3 0 B b ix h JierKOBbix aBTOMOÖnneii. H enb3H , b n a- CTHOCTH, npH3HaTb HOpMajIbHbIM TaKOe nOJIOJKOHMe, HTO 1-H JleHHHTpaACKHH aBTOpeMOHTHblH 33BOÄ He pa3- B e p n y ji n o H acTonm eM y o p ra H H 3 a u H io h o bo to npoH 3- BOACTBa, B binycK aeT KpañHe M ano A B H ra T e n e ii h He nepeBen Ha KOHBeñep c ô o p x y aBTOMoÔHneii P A 3 -5 1 .
H3BeCTHO, HTO pHTMHHHOCTb paÔOTbl aBTOpeM33BO- AOB 3aBHCHT npe>KAe B c e ro o t o c b o c h h h peMOHTa mnpoKOH HOMeHKJiaTypbi aBTOMOÖHJibHbix A e T a jie ii.
M e>K A y TeM Ha m h o t h x 3 a B 0 A a x (BopoHeHCCKąn, C a - paTOBCKHH H A p .) pe3KO OTCTaeT OCBOeHHe peMOHTa A eTaneñ aBTOMoónneH T A 3 - 5 1 h 3 H G -1 5 0 .
JXm
noBbiuieHHH KanecxBa peMOHTa h c«H>KeHHH CeßeCTOHMOCTH HeOÖXOAHMO KaK MOÄHO CKOpee BHeA"pHTb HOByio T e x H o n o rn io peMOHTa A eTanen Ha bccx
3aHOAax. T e p M oo6pa6oT i< a t o k3m h b m c o k o h nacTOTbi,
KOHTaKTHO-CTblKOBâH CBapKa, XpOMHpOBâHHe, â n e xT p o - jiH T H H e c K o e o c T a jiH B a H H e , 3 n e K T p o M e T a n jiH 3 a u ,n n h
A p y rn e nepeAOBbie c n o c o ô b i peMOHTa AeTanen, y>ne BHeApeHHbie na paAe 3aB0A0ß, a o t o k h u 6biTb npHMe- HeHbl BCeMH aBTOpeMOHTHbIMH 3aB0AaMH.
HeoöxoAHMOCTb naHÓojiee 3ij)(|)eKTHiBHoro H c n o jib 3 o - B3HH5I iHOBbIX MOAeJieH aBTOMOÓHJieñ b 3KcnnoaTauH H BbiABHraeT 3 a A a n y uiH poK on yHHcjjHKauHH T e x H o n o ra - necKHx n p o u e c c o B h -CTaHAapTH3auHH A eTanen pe- MOHTHbix pa3MepoB. Hy>KHO pa3pa6oTaTb h yTBepAHTb eAHHbie A-an Bcex b c a o m c t b TexHHnecKne ycnoBHH Ha KOHTpojib h copTH poB K y A e T a jie ii, na peMOHT, c ö o p x y
h HcnbiTaHHe aBTOMOÖHJien. EAHHbie TexHHHecKne yCJIOBHH n03BOJIHT CTaHAapTH3HpOBaTb peMOHTHbie pa3- Mepbi A e T a n e ii, h t o, b cboio one p e A b , oônerH HT 3 K cn jio a T a u H io aBTOMOÖHjieü (b n a cT n o c™ , 3aM eny A e T a jie ii n p n T e x y m e M peMOHTe) h a h c t s k o h o m h io
3 a n a c « b ix n a cT e ii.
3a B O A bi aBTonpoM biuiJieHH O C TH A O JiÄ H bi o ö e c n e n H T b B b in y c K C TaH A apTH bix A e T a jie ii peM O H TH bix p a 3 M e p o B B AOCTaTOHHbIX KOJIHHeCTBaX. O p H pa3paÓ O T K e CT3H- A a p T a B
HHHHATe
H a A o np e A y c M O T p e T b T a n y io H O M eH K JiaTypy 3 a n a c H b ix n a c T e fi peM O H TH bix pa 3 M e p o B u TaKHe h x p a 3 M e p b i, KO Topbie o ô e c n e n a T M H o ro K p a T - H oe H c n o jib 3 0 B a H H e A o p o r H x h e jio J K H b ix A e T a jie n aB - t o m o ô h j ih, npoA JieH H e cpoKO B h x c jiy > K 6 b i h n o B b iin e - HHe K a n e c T B a peMOHTa.ABTOMO'ÖHJibHaa npoMbiujJieHHOCTb AOJiHina B biny- CKaTb ô o jib in e TOHKocTeBHbix B KJiaA biuieii, n o p u iH e ii, n o p u in e B b ix KOJieu h A p yrH X AeiJinunTH bix A e T a jie ii
b no-JiHOM accopTHMeHTe, TpeôyeMOM a j ih u e jie ii s k c- njio a T a u H H h peMOHTa. H eoôxoA H M O TaK>Ke HajiaAHTb B b in y c K , b xanecTBe a a n a cH b ix nacT eii, s jie K T p o n p n ß o - poB, pea ra io B b ix H a n e jin ii h AP-, H3roTOBJisieMbix 3aBO- AaMH-CM6>KHHKaMH.
C p o K « c jiy n < 6 b i aB TO M oönjieii 33b h c h t npe>KAe Bce- r o o t x y jib T y p b i h x o6cjiy>KHBaHHH h peMOHTa. Ab t o- peMOHTHHKH AOJIHiHbl He TOJIbKO ycneHJHO nOATOTO- BHTbCH K peMOHTy HOBblX MOAeJieü aBTOMOÖHAefi, p a - AHOHajibHO H cnojib30BaTb oôopyAOBaHHe h iunpoKO npHMeHHTb HOByio TexHHKy, ho h BceM epno n o B bim aT b KanecTBo peMOHTa, b t o m n n cn e nyTeM noBbiineHHa K y n b T yp b i npoH3BOACTBa. H enb3H MHpHTbcn c TeM, hto
AO CHX n o p Ha pnA e 3aBOAO)B rpa3HO b p a a ó o p o n H b ix u e x a x , 3axnaMJieHbi M exaH nnecxH e u,exn, HeT n o p a A x a B CKAaACKHX noMemeHHsix.
HenpaBH AbH an p e ry jiH p o B K a MexaHH3MOB, HeyAOBJie- TBopHTenbHbie Kpene>KHbie paôoT bi, H e 6 p e *H a n o x p a - CKa Ky30BOB AOAJKHbl ÔbITb H3JKHTH OKOHHaTeAbHO.
J lio ô o ii aBTopeMOHTHbiii 3a b o a c n e pB bix >Ke AHeii OCBOeHHH peMOHTa HOBblX MOAeJieü aBTOMOÖHJieii ÄOJI-
>KeH iBbinycKaTb npoA yK U H io T a n o ro xa n e cT B a , h t o ó h
Ka>KAblii OTpeMOHTHpOBaHHblii rp y3 0 B 0 H HAH AerKOBOli 3BTOMOÓHAb pa ó o T a A ó o A b u ie c y m e c T B y io m H X HOpM n p o ô e ra AO cp e A H e ro h K ariH TanbH oro peMOHTOB
h HToßbi BMecTo peKAaMauHH 3aBOAbi noA ynaA H 6 n a - TOAapHOCTH OT paÖOTHHKOB 3BT0X03HHCTB.
P yxoB O A H T e A H , n a p T H iiH b ie h n p o c {)c o i0 3 H b ie o p r a m i- 3an,HH aBTOpeMOHTHblX 3aBOAOB H MaCTepCKHX o6H 3a- iHbl B 03 rA 3B H T b TBOpneCKyiO HHHUHaTHBy H TpyAOBOH 3H Ty3H 33M paÖOHHX H HHJKenepHO-TeXHHHeQKHX paßO T- HHKOB A-HH y c n e m n o r o OCBOeHHH peM OHTa HOBblX MO- A.eAeii aBTOMOÖHAeii.
2
3 K C I I A O A T A U M 5 I ABTOMOBKAbHOrO TPAHCIIOPTA:
PE3EPBI»! IlEPEBŁinOJlHEHIia IIJIAHA IÍ CHHJKEHHH CEBECTOHMOCTH IIEPEB03KH rP ¥ 30B
O n b l T P A B O T b l A B T O K O J I O H H b l N s 1 8 M O C O B J 1 A B T O T P E C T A
KaHd. 3K0H0M. nayK 14. BEPXOBCKMÍ4
BajKHeöiiiHM ycJioBHeM BunoaHCHHSi h tiepeBMn-anÍHeHH5i naana ncpeso3KH rp y - 30B, CHHÄeHHH ceßeCTOHMOCTH H nOBHUte- HHH peHTaßeabHOCTH paßorbi »BaneTcst BceMepHoe MonoabsOBaHHe BHyxpeHHHx pecypcoB, HMeiomHxCH © KaîKAOM a©To- X035ÏHCTBC.
KaKHM eajKHhiM hctohhhkom yBeanne- HHH nepeß030K MoryT cayacHTb ©HyTpe«- HHe pecypcbi yßeAHTeabHo noKa3UBaeT OIIblT paßOTbl aBTOKOaOHHbl N? 18 M oc- oßaaBTOTpecTa MwuHCTepcTBa aBTOTpaHc- nopTa P CTG P.
AoTonapK koaohhh coctoht h3 asTO- Mofinaeü 3H C -5 h 3H C -8. CpeAHHfi npo- 6er oAHoro ciw com toro aBTOMoßHasi 3H C -5 c HOTaaa sKcnaoaTanHH cocTasasxeT 171 r a c . km, a npoßer ot nocaeanero Ka- naTaabHoro peMOHTa — 49 300 k m.
Ma xepnaa buo - ï e xi! hii e ck a si ßa3a asTO- K0A0HHU T3K35I >Ke, KAK H B ßOAbniHHCTBe CpeAHHX aBT0X035IHCTB; XOaOBHe 3BTOMO- 6hah xpanHTC5i Ha otkphtoö naomanKe;
HMeeTCH nex TexHHneoKoro oßcayÄHBaiiHH c xopouio oßopyAOOaHHHM saeKTpoKapßio- paTopHHM OTaeaeHHCM h neßonbuiast aBTO- peMOHTHan MacTepcKaa.
ycaOBHn paßOTH aBTOKOAOHHH thhhh- HU H ÄAH ApyrHX aBT0X03HÖ'CTB CHCTCMbl MHHHCTepcTBa aBTOMoßnabHoro TpaHcnop- Ta PCi>GP. B 9THX ycaoBHsix aBTOKoaol i na aoÖHaacb ßoabiuHX ycnexoB h ßbnuaa b pflAbi nepeAOBux npeanpHHTHH m h- HHCTepCTBa.
KOAAeKTHB aOTOKOAOHHU BUnOAHHA naan 1949 r. k 32-h roAOBiurme BeaHKoñ OKTKÓpbOKoñ co n na a HCT h a ec Koft peBoaio- UHH. B IV KBapTaae 1949 r. aBTOKoaoHHe ß uan irpHcyaiAeHu aiepexcwHmee ¡KpacHoe SHaiMH IMHHHCTepCTBa H iB IIO IIC « nep«art npeMJra. iBbieoaHerote naana xa- pa«TepH3yeTCH caemyiomHMM pHiJjpaMiH:
riaan rpy30BUx nepeB030K no TOHHaM
«unoAHeH Ha 121,7%, no tohho-khao- MeTpaM Ha 124,3°/« npn nepeBunoaHenHn naaiHOBUx noKaaaTeaeft no KoacftHUHemaM HcnoAb30BaHHH napna ¡(101,3°/») h Hcnoab- 30BaiiHH npoßera (119,4°/«). CeßecTOHMoCTb T0HH0 -KHAOMeTpa CHH>K0Ha c 74,3 Kon (no naany) ao 61,1 Kon. O o nacca>KHp- CKHM nepeB03KaM naaH BunoaneH Ha 118,4%, a (JjaKTHMecKafi ceßecTOHMoCTb K naaHy cocTaBiraa 92,3%.
IlepeBunoAHeHHe naana rpy30Bux nepe- B030K aa 1949 r. Ha 490 t h c. t-km äo- CTHrHyTo TAaBHUM oßpaaoM ßaaroAapsi nOBMHieHHK) npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH paßOTbl a'BTOMoOHAeä.
BupaßoTKa Ha MauiHHO-nac paßoTU co- cTA'BHAa 134,6% k nAaHy (37,7 t-km npo- THB 28,0 t-k m no naaHy). <t>aKTHHecKaH BupaßoTKa na MauiHHo-nenb paßoTbt co- CTaBHAa 392 t-km (126,5% k naaHy), a BupaßoTKa Ha cnncoHHuft aBTOMOÓHAb—
92 Tbic. T-KM (127,2% IK naaH y).
BucoKHe noKasaTean B upaßow n no- ABHJKHoro cocTaisa h b a5Hotch pe3yabTa- TOM nOBUUieHHH K03tf)HHHeHTa HOn0Ab3O- BaHHH ripoßera aBTOMoßHAeft h 3na>iHTeab- Horo nepeBunoAHeHHH naana Hcnoab30Ba- HHH npHHenoB.
Ko34)HAHeHT TeXHHteCKOH rOTOBHOCTH npHuenoB b 1949 r. coctsbha 0,94, KostJiH- UHeHT hx HcnoAbaoBaHHH 0,86 (caeAyeT OTMCTHTb, HTO S?/a paĆOHeTO BpCMCHH nO- TepHHO b npocTOsix, raaBHUM o6pa30M H3-3a HeßaaronpHHTHbix aoponaïux ycao- BHfi). Ko3(})HUHeHT »cn0Ab3OBaHHH npoßc- ra asTonoe3AOB ßua paßen 0,92.
HepeBuncwiHeHHe naana nepeBosoK b aBTOKoaoHHe coneTaeTCH c skohomhhm pacxoAOBaHHeM MjaTepHaabnux cpeACTB.
riaaHOBan ceßecTOHMoCTb b 1949 r. chh-
>Kena no BceM ochobhum CTaTbHM 3a HCKAIOHeHHeM 3apiIAaTbI IIKXltepOB. Ba>K- Heftmyio poab b stom c u rp a a o panno- HaabHoe Hcnoab30BaHHe npepenoB, hto HaraHAHo xapaKTepH3yeTca AaHHUMH, npn- BeaeHHUMH b Taßa. 1.
IIo K a a a T e a ii ccOcctohmocth nepeBoaoK
T a ß j i H n a 1
CTOHMOCTb 1 T-KM, KOH.
«PaKTHnecKasi CraTbH ceßecTOHMOCTH rijiaH O-
B35I
b cpeÄHeM no aBTOKO-
JIOHHe
n o o a h h o h- HblM aBTO- MOßHAflM
1
no aBTO- noe3AaM
B T. M. IlO iipHuenaM 1
3a pn aa xa m o ^ e p o B c
28,00 6,10 1,24
Ha^HCJieHHHMH . . . . 14,40 16,82
TonaHBO h cM a3K a. . . 16,70 9 ,8 2 13,34 6,4 3 2,81 Ab t o i h h h h... 7,7 4 6,0 2 7 ,9 7 4,1 5 2 ,9 3 TexHHnecKoe oßcayncH-
16,75 7,93 0,7 5
B3HH6 H peMO IT . . . 15,60 12,25
A M 0pTH 3aU H Sl... 4,6 6 3,6 5 4,8 8 2 ,4 0 0 ,9 5 Oßm,eßa30Bbie h nexo-
17,86 8,0 7 1,84
Bbie pacxoA H . . . . 13.20 12,86
Htoto ... 74,30 61,42 88,80 35,08 10,52
*/• k naaHOBOH ceße-
4 7 ,0 14,2
CTOMMOCTH ... 100,0 8 2 ,6 112,0
] rioayneHo pacnerabiM nyTeM.
yoneuxHOMy Hcnoab30BaHHio npnuenoB bo MHoroM cnocoßcTBOBaao 3aKpenaeHHe hx 3a onpeaeaeHHUMH aBTOMoßnastMH.
ńep ea o B U e u io ^ e p u antokoaohhu t t. T io -
peHKOB, ¡Kaono® u AP- peryaapHO ¡b Te- M en He 1949 r. paßoraan Ha aBTonoe3Aax, 3HanHTeabHo nepeeunoaHHH Bce naaHOBue 3aaaHHH.
1* 3
ABTonee3ÆaMH BunoaneHO 51,2f>/a Bcero oÖTjeMa nepeB030K npn BHpaôoTxe Ha o«hh cnncoHHUH aBTonoe3fl (3H C -5 c TpexTOHHHM npHuenoM) b cpefl«eM 222 m c . T-KM, npHHeM xaJXAUM npHne- noM BupaôoTaHO 3a ro a 108 t h c. t-k m.
HeM aaoe 3HaneBHe b 9tom fle a e HMeaa pa3ßacHHTeabHaa paôoTa, npoBeaeHHaa cpeflH ocHOBHoft KaneHTypM. KaneHTaM aoKa3UBaaocb ôoabtuoe sKOHOMHnecxoe npeHMymecTBO nepeB03KH rpy30B a B io - Boe3aaMH, Tax x a x npn Taxon nepeB03xe aaeTca 3HaanTeabHaa cxH flxa c Tapnc})- H u x CTaBOX 3a 1 t-x m. KpoM e Toro, npx nepeB03xe aBTonoe3flaMH mojkho He Toabxo yxpynHHTb oTnpaBaaeMue n a p ra x rpy3a, ho h BaBoe coxpam aTb xoam ecT B o areHTOB, HeoôxoflHMUx aaa e ro conpo- BOKaeHHH.
Bbiaa npOBeaena Taxxce ôoabinaa paôo- Ta no aHXBnaau.HH nopojXHHX npoÔeroB.
H a a SToro, b nepByx) o a e p e a t, Hcnoab- 3yiOTCa npeaycMOTpeHHbie TapniJiaMH npe- HMymecTBa, noay-iaeMbie rpy300TiipaBHTe- aaMH npn 3arpy3«e asTOMotínaa b npaMOM h oôparaoM HanpaBaeHnax. *
3th MeponpHaxHH oßecneanaH nepeBH- noaHeHne naaHOBoro 3aaaHna no xosctm- uneHTy ncnoabsoBaHHa n p oôera h a 19,4°/o.
Boabiuaa pa3HHU,a b ceôecTOHMOCTH nepeB030x Ha oflHHOHHHx aBTOMOÔnaax n aBTonoe3aax oéycaoB aena T axjxe TeM, HTo aBTonoe3aa paßoTaan Ha ÔônbuieM paecTOHHHH h npn 6oaee bh co ko m xoactm- u,neHTe ncnoab30BaHna npoôera, t. e. b y c- aoBHax sxcnaoaTauHH, Ôoaee ÔaaronpHHT- H u x a a a cHH>xèHHa ceôecTOHMOcm 3to HaraaaH o noxaaaHO b Taôa. 2.
T a 6 á h n à 2 C p iiB H iiT e a b H b ie n o x a a a T e a ii paÔOTbi aBTOMOÔnaefi h a m o n o e a flo ii
HaHMeHOBaHHe noxa3aTeaeft
KOS^HUHeHT HCn0ab30B3HHa n p o ô e r a ... .... . K09(^HUHeHT HCn0ab30BaHHH r p y s o n o a ^ e M n o c T H . . . . Bpenia b n a p a a e b c y r x H , aac.
C p e a H e e p a c c ïo s m H e nepeB03- XH, K M ...
C p e a H s a TexH H aecxaa c k o- p o c T b , KM /nac...
S xcnaoaTauH O H H aa c x o p o c T b , X M /a a c...
^aXTHHeCKH
B cpeA- HeM no aBTOKO- JlOHHe
no
njiaH y
OÄHHOHHbie aBTOMO-
ÔHJIH
aBTO- iio e 3 A a
B % K n jia H y
0,711 0,818 0,919 0 ,8 5 119,4
0,958 11,1
0,933 10,2
0,919 10,8
0,926 10,4
96 .6 93 .7
2 4 ,3 15,4 61 ,5 2 4 ,9 102,4
17,8 19,7 17,9 19,1 107,1
12,35 11,4 13,0 11,9 96 ,5
Taxoe nojioJxeHne BnoaHe ecTecraeHao
h cBHaeTeabCTByer o npaBHabHoM n o a n - M3HBH npHHUlinOB paflHOHaabHOÄ 9KC- naoaTauHH aBTonoeaaoB.
HHTepecHo npocaeflHTb BanaHHe o t- ae a bH ux cfiaxTopoB na ceôecTOHMocTb ne- peB03ox. E c a n p a ccn m a T b anaaHTHaecxyio (ycaoB H yio) ceôecTOHMocTb, Hcxaroana paÔOTy npnuenoB H3 cooTBeTCTByrouinx noxaaaTeaen aBTOxoaoHHH, h BunecTb H3 Hee cjîaKTHqecxyio ceôecTOHMocTb, to pa3- Hnn,a aBHTca BeananHon CHH>xeHHa ceôe- CTOHMOCTH, noayneHHoñ 6 a a ro a a p a npn- MeHeHHio npHuenoB. B 1949 r. Ha npn- n,enax BunoaHeno 882,4 t h c. t-x m, caeaoBaTeabHO, oôi>eM TpaHcnopTHoft pa- ô o t h 6e3 npHuenoB cocTaBaaeT:
xo9$HU,HeHTy ncnojib30Bannn npoôera MOJKHO npOH3B€CT;H T3XOH JKe paC-ieT.
BcaeacTBHe yBeannemiH xo3c|)HflHeH- Ta Hcnoab30B3HHa npoôera noayaeHO 493,5 t h c. t-k m cs e p x naana. BHannT npn naanoBOM xoscjjHiiHeHTe Hcnoab30Ba- HHH npoôera TpaHcnopTHaa paÔoTa paB- HaeTca:
3553,3— 493,5 = 3059,8 t-wm. Beau iôbi o ö in a a cyMMa saxipaT npaxTM- aecxH H6H3MeHnaacb ((HexoTopoe yeeanae- Hne KoanaecTBa nepeBe3eHHbix to h h, onaa- neHHbix ino(j)epaM, cymecTBenHoro 3Haae-
■HHH «e IIMeCT), TO CeèeCTOHMOCTb ÔHaa 'Ôbl pasHa:
.3553,3 — 802,4 = 2700,9 t h c. t-wm. OômaH cyMMa 3aTpaT na rpy3 0 B ue nepeB03xn b 1949 r. paBHa 2182,3 t h c. pyô., H3 XOTOpHX 92,8 THC. pyÔ. COCTaBjIHIOT aonoaHHTeabHue paexoan, cBH3aHHHe c paôoToft npnuenoB. CaeaoBaTeabHO, cyM
Ma 3aTpaT Ha rp y3 0Bue nepe»o3XH ôe3 npnaenoB paBHa 2089,5 t h c. pyô.
ycaoB H an ceôecToxMocTb nepeBO30x noaynaeTcsi paBHoñ:
2089,5 : 2700,9 = 77,4 xon./T-xM.
3naHHT (JjaxTHnecxaa ceôecTOHMocTb CHHHC0H3 3a cneT npHMCHeHHn npHne- noB Ha:
77,4 — 61,1 = 16,3 xon./T-xM . H a a onpeaeacHHH BaHHHHH na ceôe- CTOHMocTb nepeBHnoaHeHHH 3aaaHHH no
2182,3 : 3059,8 = 0,715 pyô./T-KM hjih
71,5 xon./T-XM.
n o c x o a b x y ttjaxTH iecxaa ceÔecTon- MOCTb COCTaB.TiieT 61,1 XOn./T-XM, TO MOJKHO CHHTaTb, HTO 3a cxeT yBeaHHeHHH xo9(])nitHeHTa ncnoab30BaHHH npoôera ceôecTOHMocTb CHH>xeHa Ha
71,5 — 61,1 = 10,4 xon./T-KM.
FIpoiH3BeA6H'Hbifl anaana HaraaaH o noxa3HBaeT. BHCoxyio axonoM H 'iecxyio 9(Jx)>eKTHBHOCTb npHMeHCHHii npHijenoB h noBumeHHH xoscfmuHeHTa ncnoab30Ba- h h îï npoôera. CyMMa ä o xo äo b ot iiiepeBo- 30K, BHnoaHeHHHX na npHueriax, oocTaBH- aa b 1949 r. 616 t u c. pyô., a cyMMa aonoanHTeabHbix pacxoaoB, cB!i3atiHhix
c ncnoab30BaHHeM npauenoB, cocTaBHaa 92,8 t h c. pyô, 3to 03HaxaeT, hto npn- MeHeHHe npHpenoB a a a o 616,0— 92,8 =
= 523,2 t h c. pyô. npHÔHan.
yaynuieH H e ncnoab30BaHHH aBTonpnne- noB HMeeT T a x * « ôoabm oe sHaHenne una yCKOpCHHH OÔOpaXHBaeMOCTH OÔOpOTHHX cpeacTB aBToxo3añcTBa. H o n o a M T c a b n o BHnoaHHeMaa Ha npHuenax TpaHcnopTiian paÔOTa CBH3aua c He3HaqHTeabHHM yne- aHMOHHeM OÔOpOTHHX CpCÂCTB Ha TOnjm- ibo, niHHH h peMOHTHue MaTepHaau.
ü o naa«y Ôuao npeaycMOTpeHO Ha 1 p yô. oôopoTHHX cpeacTB BupaÔOTaTb 9,4 pyô. TpaHcnopTHoft n p o ayxn n H , a (t>ax- THHecxH BupaôoTaHO 13,5 pyô.
Haa opeHKH BaHanna nonoab
3 0BaHHH
npapenoB na ycxopeHHe oôopanHBaéMOCTH OÔOpOTHHX CpeaCTB, H3 TpaHCnOpTHOH pa- ÔOTH HyJKHO HCXaiOnHTb n p o n y x iin io , BH- noaHeHHyx) na n prnienax <616 t h c. pyô.), H OÂHOBpeMeHHO yMCHblIIHTb (fjaxTHHecxHe sanacH aa 12,0 t h c. pyô. 3a chct a o n oa - HHTeabHOÜ CyMMH, OBH3aHHOH C HCnOHb- aoBaHHeM aBTonpnnenoB. n p n 9th x ycao-
bhhx na 1 p y ô a b oÔo p o th h x cpeacTB npn- xoflH aocb Ôh:
3089,5 — 616,0 2 2 9 ,0 — 12,0
2473,5
217 = 11,4 pyô ., rae: 3089,5 t h c. p yô.— cyMMa BaaoBoro floxo.ua no aBTOXoaonne 3a 1949 r., a 229,0 t h c. p yô.— cpeflHeroflOBOü ocTa- TOK OÔOpOTHHX CpeflCTB.
Hcnoab30BaHHC npnuenoB yexopnao oÔopOT cpeflCTB h na xaJKflHH pyôab
oÔo p o t h h x cpeflCTB flaao flonoaHHTeab- Ho 2,1 pyô. npoflyxflHH.
llM e a aBTOMoônan c ôoabinHM npoôeroM nocae nanaaa axcnaoaTapHn, aBTOxoaoHna cyMeaa nepeBHnoaHHTb naaHOBoe 3afla«ne no K094)HU,HeHTy Hcnoab30BaHHH napxa Ha 1,3V», b peayabTaTe a e ro ô u a o b h- paÔOTaHo cBepx naaHa 44,5 t h c. t-k m. CpeflHeroflOBOü n p o ôe r x a jx flo ro cnHcon- Horo übtomoôhjih b 1949 r . cocTaBHa 29 t h c. k m, H3 x o T o p u x 9300 k m — c npn- penaMH.
Anaan3 BHnoaHeHHH naana noxa3UBaeT,
<no o 1949 r . ne BunoancHbi HexoTopue BajxHbie n o x a 3aTeaH. H e yfleawB flo a jx u o - ro BHHMaHHH opraHH3auHH noayTopa- H ÂByxcMCHHoft paôoTH, pyxoBOjfflTeaH aBTOxoaoHHH H€ oôecnexHaH BunoaHenna naaHOBOü npofloajxHTeabHOCTH p a ô oxe ro flHH (no naaHy 11,1 nac., ^axTHnecxH — 10,4 nac.). KpoMe Toro, He y fle a a a o c b BHHMaHHü yMeHbuieHMio npocToeB n o fl no- rpy3KOH-pa3rpy3xoñ.
CymecTBeHHHM HeflocTaTxoM nBaaaocb Taxjxe oTHOCHTeabHO pe3xoe xoaeôauHe BHnoaHeHHH no MecHu,aM o c h o b h hx s kc- naoaiau,HOHHHX h sxoHOMHnecxHx noxa- 3areaeft.
B 1950 r. xoaaexTHB aBToxoaoiHHH CT3BHT CBoen 3aflaneH flaabHeHinee y a y n - meHHe Hcnoab30BaHHH noflBHJKiioro co CTaBa, yBeanaeuHe BupaÔOTXH TpaiicnopT- HOH npOflyXUHH, CHHJXeHHC CeÔeCTOHMOCTH
h noBHUieHHC peHTaÔeflbHocTH paôoTH.
TIjih peuieHHH stoh ááflaxH HeoôxoflHMo em.e umpe pasBepHyTb conHaaHCTHnecxoe CopeBHOBaiiHe ' cpeflH paôoTHHXOB 3b t o- KOaOHHH H BCeMepHO HCnOJIb30BaTb TBOp- necxyio HHHunaTHBy moiJjepoB-CTOTucHB- HHKOB.
4
I I y rr 11 IIE P E C T P O ttK M T A IM H IH IO ii C H C T E M b I H A A B TO TP A H C ILO P TE
3aKaHHU8ctH oôcyoKdeHUC ,c r a n u J l. BpoM UTeüna «O cnoeubie n p a n y a n u n o c rp o e m a . noeoü cucreMbt ra p u tp o e n a zpy308bie nepeeoaKU», noMeiąeHHou. 8 Ns 5 bicypHaAa «A TOMoÔUAb» oa 1950 z.. peóaKąun. nyÔ Aunyer a 3tom HOMepe eine n e m p e ' c™ J bu- f
3aMenaHUH u npedAootcenun a e ro p o e c ra re u , onyÔAüKoeaHHbix e noPH K ^ d e n im , ô y ü y r y w e n n tip u co craeA enuu u paccMOTpenuu n p o e n ra n o e u x TCipiupoe.
CMCTEMA T A I'M ’OB HA ABÏOnEPEBOBKH ,1,0.1 HiHA BhITB H3MEHEHA
B o n p o c o nepeerpoHKe Tapn4>Hoii oh- CTeMbi Ha aBTOTpaHonopre H M cer oneHb B a *H o e 3Ha>ieHHe. BbicKa3aiHHbie a cxaTbe JI. BpoHiiiToiiHa cooÔpajKewHH b noJib3y e^HJibix T aipii^aB, «e 3aBHcsHHHX ct MapKH u rpysonoa-bewHocTH aBTOMoÔHAeii, cjie- fly e r npH3naTb b 3H3MHTeAbHOH Mepe cnpaBeAJiHBbiM'H. OftnaKO nocKOAbKy ho- Bbie Tapn(¡)bi b ropa3Ä<) ôoAbHiefi erene- iiH, qeM jieücTByiomHe Hbme, ho ajkh h ciiocoÔCTBOBaTb pau,HOHajibHOMy pacnpe- ÂejieHHio nofliBHKHoro cocTaßa h
THBHOMy HX HCnOJIbSOBaHHIO B HapOAHOM xo3aflcïB e, HeoôxoaHMO TmaTejibHo npo- ByMaTb npanuHiibi hx nocTpoeHHH.
üeñcTB yiom aH Tapn4>HaH cH cre \ia otjih- Maerca MHoa<ecraeHHOCTbio T a p n ^ n u x c ra - BOK 3a TOHHO-KHJioMerp, ÂH^epenuapoBaH- iib ix n o paccToaiH'Hio nepeB03KH o r o a n o ro ao cTa h Ôojiee kh ao m c tp o b, hto onpeae- jihct HeoßxoaHMocTb npoH3BoacTBa T pyao- c m kh x « cnoJKHbix pacneTOB no KaiKAOH e3‘Ke h aenaeT HeBO3M0>K«biM orpaaceHae
b TapHt}»ibix cTaBKax HH cnocoßa npoH3- BoaciiBa norpy30-pa3rpy30M Hbix paôoT, hh ycaoBHH TpancnopTHpoBKH rp y a a . B CHjiy sToro, aeftcTByromae TapHifmbie eraBKH ycTaHOBaeHbi He3aßHOHMo o t cnocoôa npo- H3BoacTBa norpy30-paârpy30M H bix paôoT, 'iTO, tip « BbicoKHx iiiT p a tjia x 3a cnepxHop- MaXHBHblfi npOCTOH H HÍCCTKHX HOpMaX npeaeabHoro npocTOH aBToMoÔHnefi npa MexanH3HpoBaHHoñ norpy3Ke-pa3rpy3Ke, HeaocTaTOHHO craM ynH pyeT BHeapeuHe Me- xa«H3anHH norpy30-pa3rpy30H H bix paôoT.
MtoÔh ycTpatiHTb oth HeaocTBTKH CJie- ayeT ycTaHOBMTb TapH4>Hbie ctbbkh 3a
TOIIHO-KHAOMeTp H 3a KOJIHieCTBO M3U1HH0- o ra p a s o K H€3aBHOHMO o t paccToam ia ne- peBOBKH, Tana noflBHJKHoro cocraBa h ero rpy3onoaT>eMHOcTH. HcKJiioneHHe bahhhhh paCCTOHHHH na TapH(j)HUe CT3BKH 3Ha4H- TeabHO ynpom aeT TapHcjjHyio CHCTeMy h aeaaeT ee 6oaee thCko h.
r ip n ycTanoBaeHHH TapH ^H bix ct3bok 3a TOHHO-KHJIOMeTp H MaïUHHO-OTIipaBKy Mbi HcxoaHM H3 T oro noao)KenKa, hto TpaHcnopTHoft npoayKUHen HBasieTca caMO iiepeMemeHHe rpy3 0 B hjih riacca>KHpoB.
O a n aa o TpaHcnopTHbiH np o ue cc npeano-
H H M .-d K O H O M U cm f l . P O Ñ T M A H jiaraeT Tax * e u npoH3BoacTBo norpy30- pa3rpy30HHbix paôoT.
riepeMemewHe rpy30B csasaMo c npoCe- roM rpyaoB, c o6pa30BaHHeM t o hh o-kh jio- MeTpoB. Ecjih nocTOHMHbie p a cxoaw , aajib- K yjw pyeM bie Ha MauiKHO-nac, oraecTH K n p o ô e ry abtomc)6hji>i 3a aac ,'î.bh/Kc hha, T. e. K BejiHHHne cpeAHeft TexHH«iecK0H CKopocTH, h cyMMHpoBaTb ee c nepeMeH- HbiMH pacxoflaM H na khao m ctp npo ôe ra , to m u noJiyaHM nocTOHHuyio B e jiH w a y , ne saBHcam yio hh o t ipaccTOHHHH nepe- B03KH rpy30B, hh ot BpeMeHH IlpOCTOH aBTOMOÔHjiH n o ,i norpy3Koft-pa3rpy3KOH.
riocToHHHbie pacxoAU Ha oahh Maum- no-nac npocToa aBTOMOÔHJia npn aaHHbix ycnoBHHX TaiOKe BejiHMHHa HeH3MeHHaa h, cJieiAOBaTenbHo, ypoBeHb ceßecTOHMOCTH M aUIHHO-OTnpa Ban 33 BHOHT TOJIbKO OT cnjooôa npoH3BOACTBa ,norpy30-pa3rpy- 30iiHbix paÔOT, po.xa h xapaKTepa rpyaa.
Tap«(j)Hbie CT3BKH 3a TOHHO-KHJIOMeTp ycTaHaBJiHBaioTca, He3aBHCHMo ot pac- CTOHHHH nepeB03KH, no cfwpMyne:
r
f l “ KMl Ol) - j - K 1 / ^ n i f . 'N T o u ’ q - r t \ v + * / ’ ra e N — «/» HaKonjieHHH,
q — rpy3onoA'beMnocTb 3btomo6hjih, -f— K03t|)Hu,HeHT HcnoJib30B3HHH r p y -
sonoAteM nocTH,
p —• K09$HU,HenT Hcnojib30BaHHH npoôera, C n— nepeMeHHue p a c x o ^ u na 1 km
npoôera,
C n — nepeMeHHue pacxoAW Ha M aïuHiio- v nac paôoTH.
Tapn^PHaH cTaBKa Ha m a ninno-O Tiipa bkv peaejiaeTCH hcxohh H3 seJinnHHbi no- oaHHbix 3aTpaT, iia jia io m H K ma OAHy iniHHO-OTnpaBKy no (jiopM yjie;
100 -f- K „ , I m tf
r n.e: C n — nocTOHHHbie pacxoAW «a oahh MamHHO-nac -paôOTbi,
t e— apeMH npocTOH aBTOMOÔHJiH noA n o rp y3Kofi-ipaanpy3koft 3a e3AKy
b nacax,
TapHtjiHbie CT3BKH 3a ron ho -101 oo m erp AOJDKHbl ÔbITb ah 4) e p e H U,H P O B a H bl B 3a-
BHCHMOCTH OT yCJlOBHii paÔOTbl aBTOMO- ÔHAH, T. e. 3a TOHHO-KHJIOMeTp AAH TO- poACKHX, TpaKTOBbix h cMeHiaHHbix iiepe- B030K.
ropoAOKHe nepeB03KH xapaicrepH3yi0TCH HH3KOH CpeAHefi TeXHHHCCKOH OKOpOCTbK) ABHJKCHHH aBTOMOÔHAH H OTHOCHTeAbHO HH3KHM KO34>HIÎHeHT0M HCnOJIb30BaHWH n p o ôe ra . TpaKTOBue nepeB03KH xapaKTej pii3yioTCH K3K ÔOAce BbicoKofi cpeAHeñ TeXHHHeCKOH CKOpOCTbIO ABHHCeHHH aBTO
MOÔHAH, TaK h, rAaBHoe, ôonee bh co kh m K034>HUHeHT0M HcnoAb30BaHHH n p o ô e ra , BCAeACTBWe cHH*eHHH yAeAbHoro Beca HyACBoro n p o ô e ra h ÔÔAbmen eo3m ojk- iiocth 3arpy3KH 3bto m o ô hah no'nyTHHM rpy30M. K CMemaHHbiM nep&B03KaM otho- chtch nepeB03KH KaK b ropoAe, t b k h na- CTHHHO Ha TpaKTe CO CpeAHHM paccTOH- HHeM 25— 30 KM.
n o poAy h coctohhhk) TpaHcnopnHpye- M o ro rp y 3 a Tapn4)'Hbie cthbkh neAecooô- pa3HO AH4>epeHAHpoBaTb n o KAaccaM rp y -, 30B, c ycîâHOBAeHHeM npoueHTHbix HaA- ôaBOK AAH rpy30B , nepeB03HMux b u h- cTepHax.
Tapn4>Hbie CT3BKH 3a TOHHO-KHAOMeTp AOJIMibl ÔbITb TaK/Ke AH^epeHUHpOBaHbl B 3a.BHCHMOCTH OT II a pTHOHHOCTH OTTipaB- KH, hcxoah H3 HanÔOAee 34)(t>eKTHBHoro HCn0Ab30B3iHiHH HaAHHHOTO TH II 3 >K a 3BT0- MoÔHAeft b HauieM eapoAHOM xo3HHCTse.
n p H T p a h cno pTHpoB Ke MaccoBUX r p y - 3 0 B T a p H ^ H a H CTaBKa 3a TO HHO-KIIAOM eTp AOAJKH3 cnn iKaTbCH Ha onpeneAeHHbiS n p o u e H T .
Tapn4>nyio CTasKy 3a MauiHHo-oTnpa©Ky CAeAyeT ycTaHaBJiHBaTb a a h KJmeHTypu, oÔeonenHBaiomeft MexaHK3npoBaiiHyio no- rp y3 K y-p a 3 rp y3 K y, hcxoah h3 h o p m u Bpe- MCHH npocTOH npH TaKoñ noirpy3Ke-pa3- rpy3Ke. B o Bcex » e ocraA bH bix c jiy n a n x B OCHOBy TapH4)HOH CT3BKH 3a M3IÍIHH0- OTnpaBKy ao ajkho ô iati, noAOHceHO BpeMH npocTOH aBTOMOÔHAH nip© ipynHOH nonpy3Ke pa3rpysKe n o cpeAHen KaTeropHH npyaa.
Tap.H4>Hbie ct a bkm 3a MaHiHHO-oiinpaBKy T a K *e AOAIKHbl ÔbITb AH4jepeHmipoBaHbi B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT napTHOHHOCTH OT- npaBKH.
2 ABTOMOÔiiJIb, >6 7 Ô
O HOBOÜ CMCTEME TAPH#OB HA m S O B M E I1EPEB03KH
Kand. mexn. nayK 77. OPJIOB
IlepecTpoH K a c h c tc m u TapncJioB Ha a'BTOMaCHJIbHOM TpaHCHOpTe HBAHeTCH Ba>K- HblM MeponpHHTHeM. HOBUe TapH(j)U AOa j k h h c u rp a T b nporpeccHBHyio poab b pa3peuieHHH 3anan, ctohiu.h x nepeA aBToTpaHonopTOM. HeoÓxoAHMo a t o ííh ho- saa oHCTeMa TapHí}x>B oóecneAHBaaa no- ompeHHe p e ryA H p n u x nepeBosoK na 3b t o- MarHCTpajiax, TpaKTax, rpy30Hanpa>KeH- h u x n o fl,be3Aax k ropoAaM, CTaHUHHM h npHCTaHHM h t. A-, a TaKHce pasBHrae nepeBOBOK aBTonoe3AaMH, MejKpañoHHux nepeB030K ¡i 3a>M©Hy K opoTK onpoóew nux JKeAe3HOAOpOHCHHX nep©B030K aBTOMO- 6HAbHHMH.
PI3 cxaTbH t. JI. BpoHuiTeñHa BHTexaeT, ato CTepxHeBbiM nyHKTOM pa3pa6aTMBae- Moro npoeKTa TapncjiOB hbahbtch otk a 3 ot nbine AeHCTByiomeii p a 3 J i H i H 0 » T a p H ^ H K a i í H i n e p e B O 3 0 K b 3 a - b h c h m o c t h o t r p y 3 o n o A i > í m- H O C T H a B T O M O Ó H J l H h n o c t p o e- H H e e A H H U X T a p H ( J ) H b I X C T a B O K n p í I M e H H T 6 J1 B H O K C e 6 e C T O H M O- C T H S K C n j I O a T a U H H a B T O M O f i H - jih c p e A H e ñ r p y 3 o n o A ’b e M H O - CT H (pa3pHAKa MOH — 77. O .).
OAHaKO H3 CTaTbH He BHAHO, KHKyiO
«cpeAHioio rpy3onoA"i>eMHocTb» KJiaAyT aB- Topw npoeKTa b ocHOBaHne hoboh cncTe- MU TapHCjjOB, XOTH 3TO CaMOe B3>KH0e b a b h h o m Bonpoce. BecbMa yÓeAHTeabHO MOTHBHpya HeoÓXOAHMOCTb H3HTH OI1TH- MaAbHuñ cpeAHHñ ypoBeHb, aBTop CTaTbH noAnepKHBaeT, ato HeónaronpHHTHue a a h 3Toro ocofienHOCTH opraHH3auHH nepeBO- 30K aBTOMOÓHAbHUM TpaHCnopTOM He M0- ryT 6wTb H3MeneHbi b ÓAHHcañniee BpeMH, t h k KaK a a h 3Toro He eo3AaHH HeoCxo- AHMue opraHH3au,HOHHbie h MaTepnaabHo- TexHHnecKHe npeanocuAKH.
H bo t n p n TaKOM noaoweHHH Bemeñ npoeKT npeAyoMaTpHBaeT... cpeAHHe Ta- pH(J)Hbie CTaBKH a a h a k>6h x no rp y a o - noA'beMHOCTH ra n o B noABHKHoro cocTaea aBToTpaHcnopTa.
Ha B03HHKaioiAHH y HHTaTeAH Bonpoc o to m, q e ro >Ke npeAnoAaraeTCH a o c t h t- HyTb b pe3yAbTaTe npHHHTHH hoboh Ta- pH(j)HOH cHCTeMbi, aBTop OTBenaeT, ATO HOBue TapHtlíbi CyAyT «cnocoScTBOBaTt ynOpHAOHeHHK) B3aHMOOTHOHieHHñ 3BTO- X03HÍÍCTB O rpy30BAaAeAbUaMH, nOCKOAb- Ky rpyaoB aaA eAei; npn cocTaBaeHHH naa- HOB H CMeT 6yAeT TOAHO 3HaTb BO ATO eMy o6o h a6tch nepeB03Ka T oro h a h h h o- r o rp y 3 a Ha AanHoe paccTOHHue».
n O A O fiH b lH pe3yAbTaT HpeACTaBAHeTCH HaM ¿ ojiee AeM c k p o m h h m, He roBopa yace O TOM, ATO OH MOHCer AOCTWraTbCH h npn OTCyTCTBHH TapH$HbIX CT3BOK, HCXOAHIAHX H3 cpeAHeñ rpy3onoA'beM»ocTH |(np,HMepu 3TOMy MO A illo H3HTH B npaKTHKe H * e - A«3HOAopoA<Horo h bo aho to TpaHcnopra).
Ha.M 'Ka*6TCH SBOOAHe paA-HOHaAb'HbllM O T áí a 3 a T b C H O T T a p ' H ( J ) H K a m H H T p y a o B b a a í K C H M O C T H o t r p y - B O H O A ' b e i M ' H O C T B a B T O M 0<5'H A H, OCOfieHHO inp.H HOAiHOM OTOyTCTBIHIH iperAB- MOHTaAHH yCAOBHH IIOAaA’H KAHCHTy Toro h ah 'HiHQro THna 3bto m o6h a h.
ÜAHaKo, caMo no ceóe npoeKTHpyeMoe
«ocepeAHeHHe» TapH())HtJx cxaBOK a a h aBTOMoÓHAeñ A iofioñ rp y a o n o A ’beMHOCTH He ofíecneAHBaeT pemeHHH cto hiahxnepeA aBTOTpaHcnopTom 3aAa4. H-ro6bi cAeAaTb 9T0, no cym ecT oy, pau,HOHaAbHoe Mepo- npHHTHe AeHCTBHTeAbHO 3(¡x})eKTH¡BHbIM, TpeÓyeTCH BHeCTH PHA AOnOAHHTeAbHHX ycoBepmenCTBOiBaHHñ. Me>KAy tcm, ©cah cyAHTb no CTaTbe JI. BpoHHiTeñHa, Aeñ- CTByiom.aH TapntjíHaH CHCTeMa na aBTO- TpancnopTe ocTaexcH noATH 6e3 HBMene- HHH.
B AaCTHOCTH COXpaHHIOTCH:
1) pacnpeA©A©HHe rpy30B no KAaccaM;
2) CHHAteHHe TapHCÍ)HbIX CT3BOK AAH 3epHa, OBomefi, KapTo4>eAH h cTpoñMaTe- pnaAOB :(10°/o), cym ecTByiom ee cnopee ycAoBHo, AetM peaAbHo;
3) iioAacoB ue h inoKHAOMeTpoBbie Ta- pH(¡)bI.
B CTaTbe JI. BpoHuiTeñHa coBepuieHuo npaaHAbHo yKaauBaeTCH, ato TapHc¡)bi hbj ahio tch nAaHOBoñ peHoñ TpaHCnopT'HOH npoAyKU,HH. TaKHce npaBHAbHo oh yKa3u- BaeT h Ha to, ato T a p n ^ u , oTpawaa no- AHTHKy rocyAapcTBa, MoryT otkaohhtbcsi OT CTOHMOCTH nep6B03KH B o6e CTOpO'HU, H-CXOAH H3 ofilHHX Ha po AHO - X03 H HC T BCII - h u x HHTepecoB. OAHaKO npaKTHAecKHX BbIBOAOB H3 3THX npaBHAbIHUX nOAOAieiIHH b npoeKTe Kpaftue MaAO.
Hcxoah H3 T oro, ato AeñCTByiomaH TapH(|)Ha}i CHCTeMa HywAaeTCH b paAH- KaAbHOM ycoBepuiencTBoeaHHH, «H w e m u nonbrraeMCH 6oAee onpeAeAeHHo cijiopM y- AHpoBaTb Ha3peBuiHe TpeóoBai-iHH.
1. rip H paBpafioTKe hoboto npoeKTa TapHCl)OB A'OAAiHa 6uTb KOpCHHUM 06pa- 30M nepecMOTpeHa AeñCTByiomaH KnaccH-
$HKau,HH rpy30B . 3 ra KAaccHtfiHKanHH coBepuieHHO ne coOTBeTCTByeT noc'raBAeH- h u m Bbnne 3aAaA3M Tapnipnoro cTHMyAH- poBaHHH on.peAeneHHHX nepeBoaoK. O xa- KOM CTHMyAHpOBaHHH MOHCeT MTTH peAb, ecAH cefinac Tanne rp y3 U , KaK CTpoHTeAb- HbiH necoK, caiMOBapu, BapeHbe h a p y - m e TaMOHpyiOTOH rao OAHOMy h to m y }Ke Tapnc¡]y I Knacca?! CymeCTByiomaH K.naccHC))HKau,Híi jiHinena HeofixoAHMoñ rn ó - KOCTH B CMUCAC npeAOCTaBAeHHH BO3M0AÍ- HOCTH 3'BT0XO3HHCTBaM SKOHOMHAeCKH Ma- HeBpHpoBaTb, oÓAerAaa Tapnipu a a h Tex
rpy30B, nepeB03KH KOTopux TpeSyeTCH pa3BHB3Tb Ha aBTOTpaHcnopTe 3a c a e r rpy30B, a a h KOTopux noAOÓHoe noom pe- HHe He TpeóyeTCH, H t. A-
2. r ip n pa3pa6oTKe HOBOñ KAaccn^HKa- AHH HeofixoAHMo oGecneAHTb TmaTeAbHoe.
no Ka>KAOMy H3 ochobihux rpy30B, co- rAacoBanne TapH4)Hux ct3bok co CTaBKa- MH *eAe3HOAOpO*HUX TapHípOB.
3. TapHífmaH CHCTeMa AOA)KHa npea- ycMOTpeTb . ocofibie Tapncpu a a h peryAHp- h u x aBTOMOÓHAbHux nepeiB030K na Ma- THCTpaAHX, TpaKTaX M nOAT>C3AHbIX nyTHX K >KeAe3UOAOpO>KHUM CTaimHHM H BOAHblM npHCTaHHM.
4. J Ia h nepeB030K rpy30B aBTonoe3AaMH HeoCxoAHMo paapafioTaTb cneiiHaAbHuñ TapH^), a He orpaiiHAHBaTbCH «cpeAHHMH»
npOU,eHTHUMH CKHAKaMH AAH BCeX rpy30B H AAH BCHKHX H3Hp3BAeHHH.
5. J Ia h yAacTKOB aBTOAopor c rycTUM aBTO'MO0HAbHUM ABHAieHHeM Me>KAy on pe- AeAeHHUMH nyHKTaMH, MecTHue T apnijiu AOAAiHU 06H3aTeAbH0 yAHTUBaTb A o p O >K- H u e y C A O B H H H C K O p O C T b a b h-
* e hh fl.
OrpanHAHBaHCb sthmh ochobhum h npeA- AOA<eH.HSiMH, yKa>KeiM toauxo eme Ha Heo6- xoAHMocTb 6oAee paAHKaAbHO nocTaBHTb Bonpoc 06 sKOHOMHAecKO-npaiBOBOM pe- r y a h p oBAH HH yCAOBHH nepeB03OK na 3b to- TparacnopTe.
B CTaTbe coseprneuHo npaBHAbHo y x a - abiBaeTCH Ha BecbMa HeóAaronpnHTHue yCAOBHH AAH pa3BHTHH aBTOMOÓH AbHOrO TpaHonopTa H3-3a OTCyTCTBHH ye Tasa, anaAorHAHoro ycTaBaM Ha KeAe3HOAopoA(- HOM H BOA'HOM TpaHOnOpTe. ABTOP CTaTbH npeAAaraeT ahcthaho BocnoABHTb stot 'HeAOCTaTOK nyTeM n e xo T o p o ro pacum pe- hhh Tapm jiHux rapaBHA. npeAAOAceuHe sto npaBHAbHo. lüOCKOA b'KO «BA'HHUe TapiMflM Ha ra©peB03Ky rpya o B aBTOMoS'HAbHbi'M Tpa.HcmopTOM» yTBep*AaiOTCH CoeeTOM MhhiHctpob OGCP, inipaBWia hx raipnMeHe- HHH HIMeAH ‘6bl AAH aBTOTpaiHCnopTHUX HpeAHpiH'HTHH H X03HHCTB H AAH HX KAMeH- T y p u Ty w e o6H3aTeAbHyio CHAy, a to h caMbie TapH<})u.
ÜOSTOMy, BnpeAb AO OfíCTOHTeAbHOH pa3pa6oTKH ycTaBa, TapHt])Hue npaBHAa AOAJKHH peryAHpoBaTb Bce cymecTBeH- Hbie yCAOB'HH npHMeHeH'HH TapH4>HbIX nAaT h chopos.
B 9TH npaBHaa M oryT 6 uTb SKAioAerau nOAOJKCHHH OTHOCHTeAbHO CAeAyKHHiHX yCAOBHH npHMeHeHHH TapHfjlOB.
1. riAaHHpoBaHHe aBTonepeB030K i(pa3- HHpa ib TapHiliax a a h nAaiiOBUx h BHe- riAaHOBux nepeB030K, LUTpa4)u 3a Hapy- meHHe nAaHOB h npoA.).
2. ílopHAOK onpeAeAeiiHH T ap n ijn iu x paccTOHHHñ nepeBoaoK.
3. OnpeAeAeiiHe h OKpyrAeHHe Beca rpyaoB npn TapH{|)HKanHH nepeB030K.
4. I Iophaok onpeAeAeHHH Beca h onaa-
t u n p n nepeB03Ke MeAKHX, napTHOHHux h M aecoBux oTnpaBoK h onaaTH nepeBO- 30K aBTOnoe3A3MH H Ha aBTOMOÓHAHX ó o A b iiio ñ h Maaoñ rpyaonoA'beMHOCTH.
n p H H3iMeiieHHH TapH(})HOH ‘CHCTeMU B CTO- poHy 0TK333 ot ee nocTpoeHHH no rp y 3 0 - noA'beMHocTH, BOBce He HCKAionaeTCH BoaMOWHOCTb o c o fiu x ycaoBHH onaaTU IlepeB030K pa3HUM nOABHHÍHUM COCT3BOM.
TaK 9TO npaKTHKyeTCH na >KeAe3HOAopo>K- HOM h peAHOM TpaHcnopTe.
5. üopHAOK onaaTU nepeB03OK t h ik c a o- aecH ux, AAHHiioMepHux h HeraOapHTHUx rpy30B.
6„ ycaobhh onaaTU rpy30B c npoBOA- IIHK3MH H nep0BO3OK nOBUUieHHOH CKOpO- cth h <p h a A p y rn x rapaBiHA.
OAHOBpeMeHHO C npOeKTOM TiipHcjlOB na yTBepiKAeHHe a o ah íh u 6uTb npeACTaBae- , HU H ofioCHOBalIHÍI CpOAHOH HeoCxOAH- imocth ipaapaióoTKM npoeKTa ycTaBa aiBTO- MoÓHAbHoro TpancnopTa.
6*
ynPOCTHTb TAPH$M HA HEPEB03Ky PPy30B
A . EBPEMHOB
r A.
uhac. mpancnopniHOZo ynpa&JieHUH MunnifiMcmpofi CCCP
B CTaTbe «OcHOBHbie npHHuHnu no- crpoeim a hoboh cHcieMH T a p a o s Ha rpy30BHe nepeB03KH» t. JI. BpoHnrrefiH npaBHJIbHO CT3BHT BOnpOC O HeOÖXOÄHMO- CTH ynpocTHTb Tapi«l)bi Ha nepeB03Ky aBTOMOÔHAbHblM TpaHdlOpTOM H, TAaBHOe, 0TKa3aTbcsi ot AHtJrepeimtiaiiHH ctsbok npoB03Hoii n n a ra b 33bhchmocth ot THna II rpySOnOÄtCMiHOCTH aBTOM'OÔHAH, ocy- mecTBJiHiomero nepeB03Ky.
npHMBHeHHe pa3JIHlIHbIX ^ CT3BOK ÄAH pa3HbIX THÜOB aBTOMOÖHJleH MOT AO ÓbITb onpaoflaHo hûjuîbhgm b napoAHOM xo3hö- CTBe T'PeX OOHOBHHX THHOB rpy30BUX aBTOMoÓHAeń (rA3-AA, 3HC-5, 5IF), pe3- Ko pa3JiHHaBiHHxcH MOKfly coÖoh KaK no pasMepaM nepnonanaaMOH ctohmocth h 3äTpaTaM aa hx coAepxcaHHe, TaK1h no hx npOB03HOH CHOCOÔHOCTH H CpOKaM H3HOC3.
B «acTOiimee bpbmîi oTenecTBennasi npoMUiiiJieHHOCTb BunycKaeT aBTOMOÔH-
a h TA3-61 H 3HC-150, KOTopue no CBOHM 9KCnjIOaTaUHOHHO-3KOHOMHneCKHM KanecTBaM npHMepno paBHbi.
Tlpouecc OÔHOBAeHHH aBTOMOÔHAbHHX tiapKOB npoHcxoÄHT oneHb ßucTpo, h Bpe- MeHHbie otkaohchhh MoryT 6btTb OTpery- JIHpOBaHU BHyTpH CHCTeMbl HAH Be/IOM- CTBa ii y Te M hsbhthh cßepxnpKÖHJiH y aBT0X03HHCTB C napKOM aBTOMOÖHJieft öojibmoft mpysonoÄ’beMHoe.TH « rcoxpu- THH OJlaHOBblX yÔbITKOB aiiT0X03 HHCTB c napKOM aBTOMOÔHJieii msaoh rpy3o- nOÄteMHOCTH.
ripHMeneHHe hobhx Tapwtnihix ctsbok 3HaHHTenbHO ynpocTHT pacqeTbi no bbto-
nepeB03K3M h yCTpaHHT HCAoCTaTKH aeñ- CTByiOmeH TapHCjlHOH CHCTeMbl. HCHOp- Ma.ibHO, nanpHMep, Koraa to hah HHoe npeflnpHHTHe hah cTpoHTeAbCTBo npH-
iiy iK n e n o onJianHBaTb aBTOMOÔHJibHtiH TpaHcnopT no ucHaM, 3HanHTeAbH0 otah- naiomHMcn ot ueH, 3aAoxeHHbix b KaAb- KyaauHHx ctohmocth npoAyKRHH hah CMCTax « a npoH3BOA'CTBO paÔOT.
HnneM ne oôocHOBaHHue npnôbijiH hjih yôuTKH ot aBTOMOÔHJibHUX nepeB03OK BO3HHKai0T, no cymecTBy, ot coBcpmeHHO c.iyqaiinoro CTeneHHH oôcroHTeAbCTB, npH- HÖM KJIHeHT HC MO/KeT BAHHTb Ha pa3Mep TapHIpHUX CT3BOK, TaK KaK 9TO 3aBHCHT ot cocTaBa aivioMOOH.ibHoro napna bbto- X03HÖCTB3, a nacTO npocTo ot cA yn a ita o ä nOCUJIKH aBTOMOÔHAH ftejKypHUM AHCnCT- qepoM. B ha lire m njia«oBOM xoshhctbc cjie A ye T BCôMepHO orpaiKAaTb ne hteAb- HOCTb TOH HJIH HHOH 0pr3HH3au,HH HJIH npeanpHHTHH ot takhx cJiynaftHbix HBJie- HHH. ripHMeHeHHe npœKTHpyCMHX TapH- 4>OB ÔeCCnopHO ÔyACT CTBMyAHpOBaTb co3AaHHe iiaHÖojree peHTaÔenbHHx {n o co- CTaBy napna) aBT0X03îincTB npHMCHHTeJib- HO K MeCTHUM yCAOBHHM. HaAO TOAbKO npaiBHAbHO onpCACAHTb ypOBCHb TapHlj)- HOH CT3BKH 3a TOHHO-KHAOMeTp 3BTO- TpaHcnopTHOü p a ß o ra no oTHonieHHio K CeÔeCTOHMOCTH AAH pa3HHX THROB 3BT0- MoÓHJieñ.
CTcneiib Hciiojib30BaHHH rpysonoAT-eM- HOCTH aBTOMOÔHAÎI SeCCIIOp HO AOAJKH3 H3HTH CBOe OTpaXKCHHe B onpeACAeHHH pa3MepOB Tapit(})HbIX CT3B0K.
C jieA yeT corjiacHTbCH c aBTopoM o He- oôxoahmocth npoAJiHTb pa3ÔHBKy pac- CTOHHHÔ B TapmjiHOft CeTKC, XOTH OnblT noKa3hiBaeT, 1it o Ha paccTomoiH CBbime 50— 60 k m ceôecToHMOcTb t o hh o-k h a o- MeTpa yMeHbinaeTca HesnaaHTeAbHO.
íLHiJiepeHiiHaRHio TapHcpiiux ctabok no KjiaccaM Aopor ne Hy>KHO BBOAHTb b ho- Bbie TapHtpbi, nocKOJibKy Aopoxoïbie yc jio - BHH, KaK npasHJio, He 33BHCHT o t Tpy3o- BAaACAbRa. npaKTHReCKH AHlJiepeHRHaUHH h ne npHMCHHMa, TaK KaK «eAb3H ynecTb, CKOAbKO KHAOMCTPOB IipOUieA aBTOMOÔHAb no TO'My hjih HHOMy THny Aopora. 9to TOAbKo oc.nojKHHT pacBeT H cosasct npcA ; aiOCbUIKH AAH «CSAOipOBUX OTHOUIOHHH Me>KAy rpyaoASTCAeM H aBT0XO3HÔcrsoM.
CnopHO yTBepîKACHHe asTopa o to m, hto yAeAbiiMH Bec aBTOTpaHcnopTHbix paCXOAOB B CTpOlITÇAbCTBe AOCTHraeT 40°/p CTOHMOCTH CTpOHTejlbCTBa. 3t8 H.H(J)- pa 3aBbinieHa. r io BceM b h a s m CTpoH- TCAbHO-MOHTaiKHblX paÔOT yAeAbHblH Bec pacxoAOB Ha aBTOTpancnopT ne M o»eT npeBMinaTb 15— 20%>.
B 3aK.noneHHe cACAyeT noaceAaTb, h to- 6 u npHMeHOHHe HCKjnomTeAbHbix TapH- (j)OB H npOUeHTHblX HaAÔaBOK H CKHÄOK 6m a o orpaHHneHo. FIpaBHAa npHMeneHHH TapHi|)OB HaAo BceMepHo ynpocTHTb, k o- AH'ieCTBO H pa3MepbI CaHKUHÜ 3a BCHKHe oTCTynAeHHH TaKsce cjieAyeT coKpaTHTb c TeM, 'iToôbi oÔ AeriHTb noAbsoBaHHe Ta- pHiJiaMH h TeM caMHM oßecneHHTb ko h- TpoAb 3a npaBHAbHOCTbio pacneTOB.
K Bonpocy o e æ h h m x t a p ii < i » a x
A. P b l K y HOB
H m a A b H U K tiAUHOBOZo
omdejia VnpasAeHUH zpyaoeozo aemompancnopma Moccoeema
H eAocTaToraoe pa3B.Hrae aBTOTpaHcnop- Ta ofim ero nojib30BaH«H b «SBecTHoft cTeneHH cnocoôcTBOBaAo pocTy hhcah MaAonpoH3BOAHTeAbHbix h HepeHTaÔejib- Hbix MCJIKHX aBT0XO3HÜCTB.
BBeACHHe iHOBbix Tapnc|)OB Ha rpyao- Bbie aBTOMOÔHJlbiHbie inepCBOQKH, IBHe 3a- BHCKMOCTH OT MapKH h rpy3on0AT>eMH0CTH aBTOMOÔHAH, 6yAeT cnoco6cTBOB3Tb yKpyn- HeHHIO MeAKHX aBT0X03HHCTB C IIOCTeneH- Hoñ 3aM€Hoñ BeAOMCTBeHHoro aBTOTpanc- nopTa a.BTOTpancnopTOM oôm ero nojib3o- BaHHH. nosTOMy Bonpoc, noAiHTbiH Ha cTpaHHuax jKypHaAa «AoTOMOÖH.ib» N» 5
b CTaTbe t. JT. BpoHUiTefiHa «OcuoBiibie npHHUHHbl nOCTpoeHHH CHCTOMbl T3PH(1>0B na rpyaoBbie ncpcBoaxH», n pe.TCTa bji a er ÔOAbiuofi HHTepec.
OaHAKO AAH iBBeAOHHH HOBblX TapHlJlOB, He3a,BH chmbix ot MapKH H rpy3onoA"bCM- HocTH aBTOMOÔHAH, TpeÔycTCH cepbC3Ha;i
nOArOTOBKa, TaK KaK npHHHHU, BU3BaB- mae k jkh3«h cymecrrByiomyio cncTeMy TapmjlOB, OTAHHHyiO OT npHHHTOft Ha A p y ra x BHAax TpancnopTa, nponoAxaioT eme AeñcrBOBaTb H aah hx ycTpaHeHHH noHaAOÖHiTCH HeKOTopoe BpeMH.
Booöme stot Bonpoc «e «oBbiß. ^Ilpa- BHAaMH npHMeHeHHH TapniJioB, aencTBO- BaBLUHX b 1934 r „ npeaycMaTpiiBaAOCb, HTO «B UCAHX ynpomcHHH pacHeTOB no nepeacöKaiM, ocymccTBAhomhm aiBTOTpanc- nopTHbiMH npeAnpHHTHHMH oömero noAb- 30B3HHH, Tapmjlbl ÄAH aiBTOTpaHCnopTa oßmero HOAbsosaHHH MoryT ycraHaBAH- BaTbCH CHiK pecnyßAHK, oÖJiacTHbiMH (KpaeßbiMn) HcnoAKOMaMH h ropcoBeTamh c.peAHHC (He3aBHCHM0 ot ToiiHaiKa Ma- uiHHbi, Ha KOTopofl nepe©03HTCH rpy3), HCXOAH H3 cp ©AH ero TOHHaiKa MamHHU oo aa HHOH pecnyöAHKe, oßjiacra (n p a io ), ropoAy»-
3th npaBHAa npeAocTaBAHAH aßToxo- 3HHCTBaM oöuiero noAbsoBaoHH, b otaH' que OT ®eAOMCTB6HHUX aBT0X03HHCTB, npaBO noAb30BaTbCH cpeAHHMH TapH<})a-
m h, hcxoah H3cpeAHero TOHHaaca aBTOMO- 6hah b A3HH0Ö pecnyÖAHKe, oöAacra, ro - pOAe. UeAHH PHA 3BTOX03HHCTB OÓUleTO n0Ab30Ba«HH, 'HMeBUIHX aBTOMOÔHAH OpeA"
Hero h ÔoAbUioro TOHiiaxa, c ycnexoM HcnoAb30B3AH 9TO npaso, HO oho He npH- MeHHAOCb aBT0X03HHCTB3MH OÖIRerO nOAb- 30B3HHH, HMCBIIIHMH 1,5-TOHHbie aBTOMO
ÔHAH Aame b koahhcctbo 250 n Bbime eAHHHH, TaK KaK cpeAHHe TaptHijlbl OKa- 3biaaAHCb HHiKe ceßecTOHMOCTH nepeB030K, T. e. yÖblTOnHbIMH.
B pemeHHH Bonpoca o bbcachhh h o b u x
TapH^ioB CAeayeT Ha nepsoM 9Taoe npe-
\AOCTaBHTb npaBO npHMeHeHHH cpeAHHx Tap«(j)0B TOAbKO aBT0X03HHCTBaM oömero n0Ab3OB3'HHH H AHmb TOTAS, KOTA3 B03-
2* 7
pacTeT yßejibH biH Bec aeTox03HHCTB o ß - m e ro no .'ib3 0 B a n « a , BBecTH tiQBbie xapHfpBi BHe 3asHCHMocTH o t MapKH h rp y 3 o - noaT>eMH0CTH 3Bto m o6hjih a a h Bcex aBTo- X03HHCTB. B HacToamee BpeMn MHorne BeaoMCTBeHHbie aBT0XO3HHCTBa p a e n o n a - ra io T napKOM asTOMoöHJieä Manoñ r p y s o - noÄ-beMHocTH H npH B®eaeHHn h o bo h
CHCT6MH Tap'H(J>OB 6 y « y T paÖOTaTb c
yßblTKOM.
H paK T H K a n0CTp06HH51 TapHCpHblX CTa- BOK Ha 0A«y TOHHy rp y 3 a lia o n p e a e jie n - Hoe p a c c T o a m ie o n p a B A a n a ceß n 11 ee c jie a y e T coxpaiiiH T b, n p o n n n a c y m e c T u y io -
myio naKHjioMeTpoByio pa3ÔHBKy ao 100 km h nocaeayiomyio pa3ßnBKy — no 10 h 25 KM.
CaeayeT Ta'Kxe coxpattHTb AH4>epeHU.Ha- iXiHio TapH'^Hbix CTaBOK no wiaocaM rpyaoB.
riaaTy 3a nepeso3Ky rpy30B cjieayer B3MMaTb C KJEHeHTypbl B COOTBeTCTBiHH C (pa KTHHeCKMM KOAlHTOOTBOM n«peBe36H- Horo rpya a ,
HoMeiHKaaTypubifl KAaccncJxHiKaTop rpy- 30B Haao yTOMHHTb, nonoHWB b ero ocho- By ycjioBHH npoH3BoacTBa n o rp y3 0 -p a 3 - rp y3 0HHbix paôoT.
lHrpa4)M 3a npocTOn noa norpy3K0H H pa3rpy3K0H CBepx nopMbi caeayex coxpa- HHTb, yMeHbinne hx pa3Mep.
CncieMa n w oTH bix TapntJiOB Aonncna aanaTb aBToxo3HäcT®aM o ß m e ro nonb30- ÉaHHH H3Becmbie npeMMymecTBa nepea BeaoMCTuenHbiM aBTOTpanonopTOM. Onpe- aeaeHHbie a m-o t u HeoöxoauMO npenoera- BHTb aBT0X03HHCTB3M oß m e ro nonb30Ba- HHH H B naCTH paCICTOB C KJIHeMTypOH n o rpy30BbiM nepeB03KaM. nopnaoK sthx p a c n e ro B aoaJKen ßbiTb 6oaee rnôKHM, neM sto npeaycMOTpeHo ib npaBHaax npn- MeHeHMH aei’iCTByiomnx TapmJioB.
mO^EPbl-HOBATOPbl ÆEJlHTCfi OüblTOM (POE H PAEOTM
16 Man b UeHTpaabnoM Knyße mo<j>e- poB Mo c k b u cocTonacn «CTaxaHOBCKHH BTOpilHK» UICXpCpOB-HOBaTOpOB, opiall'H30 BaHHMH MHHHCTepCTBOM 3’BTOT pa HOnOpT B PCOCP,
UK
h OÖKOMOM npo(¡)coio3a pa- fio 'iiix aBTOTpancnopTa oobmoctho c pe- aaiuiHeñ ra3eïbi «Tpya» h Cobctom Tex- npanaraHau U e n tp a n w io ro KJiyßa m oçe-51. Thtob.
poB. B «CraxaHOBCKOM BTopHHKe» npn- h h ah y n a c ïn e BbiaaioniHecn uKxjjepbi MocK'Bbi, a TaKXte T y jit i, CepnyxoïBa, f i o - aojibOKa h a ip y ra x ropo&OB.
G AOKnaaaMH o MeToaax skohomhh ße«3WHa u aBTOUfflH BHCTyiwjiH m o^epu
1-ro aeroöycnoro napxa Mockbu H. Th
t o b h y . HexaeB, a t3K>k€ incxjiepbi F. MenexHH (nononbCKan aBTOKonoima jspo 26 MocoônaBTOTpecTa) h BenneB
(Kn-
■HeuieMCKan aoTOKonoHHa Ns 36 Hßa- HOBCKoro oßnaBTOTpecTa).
O MeToaax paôoTH mo<i)epa H- TnTOBa, HHHU,HaTOpa ÄBHJK6HHH 3a paßOTy 3HMOH na neiHHX HopMax 6eH3HHa, 6buio paccKa- 3aHo b W» 1 »ypHana «ABTOMoôHnb».
PaôoTasi no MeToay T. TmoBa, MtiorHe mo<j)epu aoôHJiHcb ne Menee 3HannTenb- Hbix p e s y n b ia ro B . B stom oTHOUienHH uenen onuT mo())epa Benneßa, Bbicty-
nHBuiero na «CraxaHOBCKOM BTOpHHKe»
c paccKa30M o cBoeft paßoTe.
G HIOHH 1949 r . T. Benneß paßoraeT na aBToßyce, oÖopyaoBaHHOM na ßa3e aoTOM'OßHJin 3H C -5. AßToßyc SKcnnoaTH- pyeTcn na ropoACKOM MapiupyTe npoTn- ÄeiHHOCTblO 12,5 KM, CBH3UBaiOmeM ÄBC TeKCTHAbHbie (IxißpHKH. jT<>Po ra — ßyJIHHC- Hoe mocee c noAteMaMH h KpyTbiMH no- BOpOTaMH.
JXna 3KOHOMMH TonjiHBa T. BenneB npn- MenneT cMennue »H iuiepu c pa3AHHH0H iiponycKHOH cnocoßnocTbio. JleTOM oh CTaiBHT rjiaetibni >KHKaep npoH3BOAHTeab- HOCTblO 175 CM1*, a 3HMOÍÍ — 233 CM^ B MHIb KoMneHcauHOHiibiH jkhkácp nocTOffBHuñ npOH3BÖAHTeJlbHOCTbIO 205 OM3 B MMH.JlAil n y m n e ro oßpa3 0BaHHn iropioneft cmcch 3H- Moä oh npniMeHsieT inoßorpeo 'B03Ayxa, nocTynaiomoro b KapßiopaTop. UoiAarpeB ocymecTBAneTon npn homoiuh vcTanoB'KH Ha BMXAOnHOM KOJWeKTOpe ABHraTeJlSl Hexaa-KopoßKH, HaroTOBJiełmoil «a »po- BejibHoro *e A e 3 a ih coeaHiHeHHoft co Bca- cbi,Baion;iHiM marpyißKOM KaipßiopaTCipa.
KpoMe Toro, jxnn skohomhhhoh paßoTbi ABHraTean nyaw a npaBHAbHan perynn- poBKa 3a>KHraHHn b 33BHCHmocth ot cop- Ta ßeH3HHa. Ocoßoe BiiHMaiine yAenneTCH npaBHAbHOCTH 3a3opoB Me*Ay sneKTpo- A3MH CBeneii H COCTOnHHIO KOHTaKTOB npepuBaTÄnn.
3anpaBKa aBTOMoßmin ßeH»WHOM npoH3- boähtch npH noMoiUH t¡)HAbTpa. Otctoíí M3 ßen3oßaKa cnycKacTcn 3hmoö pa3 b K®ap- Taji, neTOM — enceMecnnHO.
Tob. BejineB, KaK h H- Thto b, cncTeMa- THnecKH HcnoAb3yeT Aßn>KeHHe abtomoOh- jih no HHepuHM. Xopom ero «nanaTa» oh
AoßHAca TuiaTenbHOH peryanpoBKOH Top- M030B, nocTonniiuM KOHTponeM sa npa- BHAbHOCTblO y rjia CX0A3 Konec h 3aTH>K- K0ÍÍ nOAUlHnHHKOB, e»eAHeBHUM KOHTpO- jieM Aaeneimn Bo3Ayxa b m«Hax, npHMe- iHeHHeM cooTBCTCTByiomHx Macen h cMa- 30K.
OcymecTBnnn tako h mctoa paßoru,
t. BenaeB yoneuiHo BbinoAHneT B3HToe Ha eeßn couHaAHCTHMecKoe oónaaTenbCTB-s:
oTpafioTaTb Becb AeKaßpb 1950 r. na fieH- 3HHe, CSKOHOMAeHHOM b TeneHHe 1 1 Mecn- neB. 3a 4 Mecnna TCKymero toaa oh C3KOHOMHA 15% ßeH3Hna, ato y>Ke oßec- nenHT paßoTy 3hmoh b TenenKe 11 Aiieñ.
ÛoKAaA t. TnTOBa KOHcyAbTHposan KaHAHAaT Texn. nayK JX. Pyßeu., KOTopuñ
B CBOCM BblCTynneHHH Ha «BTOpHHKe» ot- MeTHA, ATO SKOHOMHTb ßeH3HH MOHUIO KaK Ha HOBblX, T3K H Ha CTapUX aBTOMOßH- AílX. npBKTHKa paÓOTbl mOCjjepOB-CTOTbl- chmh'HKob noKa3ana, mto na aBTOMoßHnnx c peKopAHHM npoßeroM ao 300 t u c. km ße3 KariHTanbHoro pcMOHTa m oäh o skoho- MHTb 6eH3HH ao nocneAnero KHAOMeTpa
y . HexaeB.
npoßera. PemaioiuHM (JiaKTopoM íiBnneTcn TO'iHoe BbinoAHeime npaBHA TexHHMeCKoro oßcJiy>KHBaHHH aBTOMoßHAH h ero iipa- BHAbuan perynHpoBKa.
C AOKnaAOM o MeTOAax skohomhh übto- u ihh BUCTynHA mocjjep 1-ro aBToßycnoro napKa Mockbu y . HexaeB.
PaßoTan Ha aBToßyce 3HC-16, t. H e xaeB h ero CMeHinHKH t t. KoMapoo h 3a- n u n ae B AoßnnHCb npoßera asTomnu (pa3MepoiM 9 ,0 0 X 2 0 ) b 113 t h c. km, ne- peKpwB HopMy iioHTH b HeTbipe pa3a.
B neM «ce«peT» BMAaiomerocn yenexa T. HexaeBa?
— npe>KAe HCM MOIITHpOBaTb HOBUe njHHbi,— roßopHT T. HeixaeB,— iieoßxoAH- Mo npHBecTH b nopnAOK ahckh Konec, npoBepHTb, He n o n iy r a ah ohh, onncTUTb
hx ot rpíi3H h noKpacHTb. OßoAHbie ac h- Tbl H KaiMepu HaiAO nOKpblTb TOHKHM CAOeM.
TaAbKa. »
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